Wikipedia's article on Francois "Papa Doc" Duvalier, community-edited. Reliable for his rule of Haiti from 22 October 1957 until his death on 21 April 1971, his 1964 self-declaration as president for life after a rigged referendum, an estimated 30,000 to 60,000 people killed by his regime, and, notably, that Duvalier did NOT suppress Vodou: he deliberately modeled his public image on the spirit Baron Samedi and incorporated Vodou imagery into his own political cult rather than persecuting practitioners. The article states that "many educated professionals fled Haiti for New York City, Miami, Montreal, Paris and several French-speaking African countries" under his rule, a political emigration this atlas cites for carrying Vodou into the American diaspora, without misattributing that emigration to anti-Vodou persecution Duvalier did not practice.
Facts
Citation
AuthorWikipedia contributors
PublisherWikipedia
Publication Year2026
URLhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Duvalier
Source Typereference
Assessment
Reliability Tier3
Community-edited reference page, tier 3. Used for the 1957-1971 rule dates and, deliberately, for the article's own correction that Duvalier co-opted rather than suppressed Vodou, so this atlas does not misname the political emigration his rule caused as anti-Vodou persecution. NotesUsed for the 1957-1971 emigration wave that carried Vodou into the American diaspora.
Cross-Tradition Connections
Associated With
Paris, Cities This source names Paris directly: "for New York City, Miami, Montreal, Paris and several French-speaking African countries" under his rule, a political emigration this atlas cites for carrying Vodou into the American diaspora..."
Claims Backed By This Source (22 claims)
This source backs 22 claims across the atlas. As facts: 16 well-attested. As cited relationships: 3 holds, 1 connected. Plus 2 entities citing it as a general reference with no single fact or relationship attached.
Disposition By Topic
- Sources, 9 claims: 8 well-attested, 1 holds.
- Spread Events, 7 claims: 4 well-attested, 2 holds, 1 general references.
- Articles, 6 claims: 4 well-attested, 1 connected, 1 general references.
Reader Challenges (0 open reader challenges)
No disputes yet. Spotted an error or a better source? Open the first one.
Sign in to dispute this or suggest a correction.
View At A Past Year
The atlas records no dated fact of its own for this entry, so there is no other year to choose.