J. Eugene Clay's "Old Believers" entry in the Encyclopedia of World Cultures, republished on Encyclopedia.com and read 2026-08-16, giving the Russian empire's 1912 census count of 2,206,621 Old Believers, which the entry itself calls a definite undercount, and a separate scholarly estimate of 15 to 20 million immediately before the 1917 Revolution.
Facts
Citation
AuthorJ. Eugene Clay
PublisherEncyclopedia of World Cultures, republished on Encyclopedia.com
Publication Year2018
URLhttps://www.encyclopedia.com/philosophy-and-religion/christianity/christianity-general/old-believers
Source Typeencyclopedia
Assessment
Reliability Tier2
Tier two: a signed reference-work entry by J. Eugene Clay, a named historian of Russian religion, in the Encyclopedia of World Cultures, giving the 1912 imperial census figure the entry itself calls a definite undercount alongside a separate scholarly estimate for the years immediately before the 1917 Revolution. Connections
Associated With
This source names Old Believers directly: "Eugene Clay's "Old Believers" entry in the Encyclopedia of World Cultures, republished on Encyclopedia.com and read 2026-08-16, giving the Russian empire's 1912 census count of 2,206,621 Old..."
Source Old Believers (Clay, Encyclopedia of World Cultures)J. Eugene Clay
Claims Backed By This Source (15 claims)
This source backs 15 claims across the atlas. As facts: 13 well-attested. As cited relationships: 1 holds. Plus 1 entities citing it as a general reference with no single fact or relationship attached.
Disposition By Topic
- Sources, 8 claims: 7 well-attested, 1 holds.
- Denominations, 7 claims: 6 well-attested, 1 general references.
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