Manipur is a state of northeastern India bordering Myanmar, centered on the Imphal valley and ringed by hill districts home to numerous Naga and Kuki Zo communities. Its majority valley population, the Meitei, maintain Sanamahism, an indigenous religion centered on Lainingthou Sanamahi, a household and ancestral deity whose small shrine occupies a fixed place in the traditional Meitei home, and on Leimarel Sidabi, an earth goddess honored as the mother of the pantheon, alongside the umang lai, guardian deities of the sacred groves that stand at the edge of Meitei villages and are honored each year at the Lai Haraoba festival of dance and ritual. Vaishnavism, introduced to the Manipuri court in the eighteenth century, became the state religion of the old kingdom and remains the majority faith of the valley today, but a Sanamahi revival movement since the twentieth century has restored the older religion as a publicly practiced tradition alongside it rather than a suppressed one.
Facts
Geography
LatitudeApproximate reference point, rounded to one decimal place; a large or historical region has no formal center, so this coordinate is conventional, not a precise boundary claim. LongitudeApproximate reference point, rounded to one decimal place; a large or historical region has no formal center, so this coordinate is conventional, not a precise boundary claim. Modern AreaManipur, a state of northeastern India centered on the Imphal valley, bordering Myanmar. 2 Traditions
Principal Religious TraditionsSanamahism, the indigenous religion of the Meitei, centered on the household deity Lainingthou Sanamahi and the earth goddess Leimarel Sidabi, with the umang lai grove deities honored at the Lai Haraoba festival; and Vaishnava Hinduism, the eighteenth century court religion and the majority faith of the valley today. 2 Sacred and Liturgical LanguagesMeitei (Manipuri), the liturgical language of both Sanamahism and the valley's Vaishnava tradition. 2 Learn More
A King's Dream and the Dance It Is Said to Have Given Manipur
Manipuri tradition credits the introduction of Ras Lila, the dance drama built around Krishna and Radha that has since become the region's most recognized devotional art form, to a specific act of royal patronage. Rajarshi Bhagyachandra, who ruled Manipur in the late eighteenth century as Vaishnavism was consolidating as the kingdom's court religion, is said to have received a vision instructing him in the dance's choreography and staged its first performance himself at the Govindaji temple in Imphal, giving Ras Lila an origin story that ties a living performing tradition directly to the same royal conversion that made Vaishnavism the valley's dominant faith.
The dance did not replace what came before it so much as sit beside it, performed alongside, not instead of, the older Lai Haraoba festival honoring the umang lai grove deities, and both survive today as distinct living traditions of the same valley. The twentieth century Sanamahi revival movement drew on that same continuity, arguing that Sanamahism had never actually disappeared beneath the court's Vaishnava turn but had persisted in the villages throughout, a claim its supporters point to the unbroken observance of Lai Haraoba itself as evidence for.
Connections
Associated With
Source Encyclopedia of ReligionMircea Eliade (ed.); Lindsay Jones (ed., 2nd ed.)
Originated Here
Source Sankirtana, Ritual Singing, Drumming and Dancing of Manipur, UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of HumanityUNESCO Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage
Regions Where This Is Principal
Source Encyclopedia of ReligionMircea Eliade (ed.); Lindsay Jones (ed., 2nd ed.)
Related To
Source Sankirtana, Ritual Singing, Drumming and Dancing of Manipur, UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of HumanityUNESCO Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage
Sources
1. Encyclopaedia Britannica (online academic reference)
Encyclopaedia Britannica editors, Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc., 2024View the Source 2. Encyclopedia of Religion
Mircea Eliade (ed.); Lindsay Jones (ed., 2nd ed.), Macmillan Reference, 2005View the Source The Oxford English Dictionary, 3rd edition
Oxford University Press, Oxford University Pressdemonym / adjectival formView the Source Sankirtana, Ritual Singing, Drumming and Dancing of Manipur, UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity
UNESCO Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage, UNESCO, 2013Originated Here: Manipuri Sankirtana, Stored origin-place property on this entity, cited to this source: Manipur, in northeastern India, centered on the temples of the Imphal valleyView the Source Reader Challenges (0)
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