This article records tradition as it has been passed down and reported. Its sources are not yet part of the atlas's verified catalogue.
Healing Disciplines gathers fifteen systems that address illness or wellbeing outside conventional biomedicine, ranging in evidentiary standing from long documented traditional medicine to techniques repeatedly tested and found to work no better than chance.
Ayurveda and Traditional Chinese Medicine are the oldest systems here, each built on its own theory of the body, doshas in Ayurveda and qi, yin and yang and the five phases in TCM, and each still practised at scale today; acupuncture, developed within TCM, has shown real but modest benefit over sham needling for some chronic pain in large trials, and TCM's herbal literature has yielded one validated remedy, the antimalarial artemisinin, alongside thousands of formulas never tested. Herbalism draws on comparable plant knowledge across many folk traditions. Reiki and crystal healing work by channelling or arranging an unmeasured energy, aromatherapy uses concentrated plant extracts with modest evidence for short term comfort but genuine toxicity risk in misuse, and sound healing and the Solfeggio Frequencies use tone and vibration, the latter's claim to an ancient Gregorian origin stated in its own record as modern rather than documented.
Reflexology, homeopathy, iridology and mesmerism sit at the least supported end: controlled trials found reflexology and iridology performing no better than chance and homeopathy indistinguishable from placebo, though mesmerism's own investigation led directly to hypnosis as a legitimate field. Naturopathy bundles evidence aligned lifestyle advice with some of these weaker elements. Plant medicine, the ritual use of psychoactive plants as sacred contact rather than pharmacy, closes the group as its member closest to religious practice.