A hundred and one is prime and reduces to two. It carries no traditional religious symbolism; its associations are modern. It has become the idiom for an introductory course, a subject-name followed by one-oh-one, from American college numbering, and George Orwell fixed Room 101 as the chamber of one's worst fear in Nineteen Eighty-Four. Both are twentieth-century, and neither gives the number any older meaning; a hundred and one functions mainly as the round hundred with one added, the many-and-then-some.
In chemistry, a hundred and one is the atomic number of mendelevium, named after Dmitri Mendeleev, creator of the periodic table, and notable as the first element ever synthesised and identified one atom at a time, in 1955.
A hundred and one is prime, with no factors beyond one and itself. It is a twin prime, paired with 103, a prime just two away. Because it leaves a remainder of one when divided by four, it is a Pythagorean prime, expressible as a sum of two squares: 1 squared plus 10 squared.
The genuine Pythagorean number philosophy that this modern chart borrows its name from left no writings of its own: Pythagoras and his early followers taught only by mouth, and what survives of their number theory comes instead through Nicomachus of Gerasa, whose Introduction to Arithmetic of the first century CE became the standard authority for a thousand years, and through Iamblichus, who drew on Nicomachus two centuries later; neither wrote anything resembling a name-and-birthdate numerology.