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The Best-Loved Jain Hymn

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The Best-Loved Jain Hymn

The Bhaktamara Stotra is a hymn of forty-eight Sanskrit verses in praise of Rishabhanatha (Adinatha), the first of the twenty-four tirthankaras, the enlightened teachers of Jainism, and it is the best known and most widely recited of Jain devotional hymns. Composed by the monk Manatunga, traditionally in the early medieval period, it takes its name from its opening words, which describe the gods themselves bowing at the tirthankara's feet. The verses extol the surpassing greatness and serene majesty of the first teacher and the saving power of devotion to him, and around the hymn a rich tradition of miraculous story and ritual use has grown, in which individual verses are held to avert particular dangers. Recited daily by many Jains and treated as possessing protective power, the hymn expresses the strong devotional current within a tradition often characterised by its austerity, directing reverence toward the tirthankara as the ideal of the soul liberated and perfected, and it is honoured across both the major Jain communities.

Individual verses of the hymn are traditionally paired with specific yantras, diagrams believed to focus the verse's protective power against a particular danger such as fire, flood, imprisonment or disease, and manuscripts of the stotra are often illustrated with these figures. The hymn has also generated an extensive commentarial and translation literature across the centuries in Sanskrit, Prakrit and regional Indian languages, and its recitation is credited in traditional accounts with numerous miraculous rescues, stories that circulate widely within Jain communities as testimony to the hymn's power.

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