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Sacred Correspondences
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Sanskrit

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Sanskrit is the classical language in which the Vedas, Upanishads, the Bhagavad Gita, the Puranas and the great bulk of Hindu philosophical, ritual and grammatical literature were composed and transmitted, alongside a large body of Buddhist and Jain Sanskrit literature produced by traditions that also used the language for scholarly debate across the subcontinent. Its systematic grammar, codified by Panini around the fourth century BCE, made it a fixed scholarly and liturgical register used for millennia after it ceased to be anyone's first spoken language, a role comparable to Latin in medieval Europe. Sanskrit mantra and ritual recitation remain live practice today in Hindu temple worship worldwide, even where officiants and worshippers speak other languages daily. The atlas holds Sanskrit as the primary source language behind a large share of the Hindu material catalogued elsewhere.

Facts
Origins
Language Family
Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European language family; the classical literary standard codified by Panini (circa 5th century BCE), a later stage than the archaic Vedic Sanskrit covered separately. 2
Place of Origin
Sanskrit is traditionally associated with the northwestern Indian subcontinent of the Vedic period, the Sapta Sindhu region drained by the Indus and its tributaries, before its later spread as a pan-Indian literary and liturgical language. 2
Practice
Liturgical and Scriptural Role
Language of the classical Hindu epics (the Ramayana and much of the Mahabharata, including the Bhagavad Gita) and of Vedanta philosophical literature, alongside Mahayana and Vajrayana Buddhist scripture. 4
Geography
Modern Area
No longer anyone's first language, but maintained today as a scholarly, ceremonial and liturgical register across the Hindu world, taught in traditional pathashalas in India and recited in temple worship wherever Hindu communities have settled. 2
Identity
Native Script
Devanagari in the modern manuscript and printed tradition, though Sanskrit has been written in almost every Indian script, and in Brahmi and its regional descendants before Devanagari existed. 1
Attestation
Era of Attestation
Classical Sanskrit was codified by the grammarian Panini around the fifth century BCE, standardizing a language whose earlier Vedic register is already attested in oral composition centuries before that. 3
Learn More
Panini's Grammar and the Fixing of Sanskrit

Sanskrit's grammar was codified with unusual precision by the scholar Panini, traditionally dated to around the fourth century BCE, in a work called the Ashtadhyayi that describes the language's structure through roughly four thousand terse rules, a level of systematic analysis later Western linguists came to regard as a landmark achievement independent of, and well predating, comparable European grammatical scholarship.

Panini's grammar effectively fixed Classical Sanskrit's rules at a point when the spoken language was already diverging into regional vernaculars, meaning the language used for later philosophical, religious, and literary composition operated by a stable, learned standard rather than an evolving everyday tongue, a situation comparable to Latin's later role in medieval Europe though arrived at independently and earlier. This fixing allowed Sanskrit to function as a shared scholarly language across a subcontinent of otherwise divergent regional languages, letting a philosopher in Kashmir and a poet in Tamil Nadu draw on the same grammatical and literary standard for centuries. Panini's work itself became an object of extensive commentarial tradition, with later grammarians such as Patanjali and Katyayana producing detailed analyses and refinements that are themselves significant texts in the history of Indian linguistic thought. The precision of Sanskrit's grammatical tradition also shaped how later Sanskrit religious and philosophical texts were composed, valuing exact, rule governed expression in a way that differs markedly from the more organically evolved literary Sanskrit and Prakrit vernacular traditions running alongside it.

Sanskrit's Living Ritual Use Today

Although Sanskrit ceased to function as anyone's first spoken language many centuries ago, it did not become a purely historical language in the way Latin or Ancient Greek eventually did in most of daily European life; Sanskrit mantra recitation remains an active, ongoing part of Hindu temple worship and domestic ritual practice today, performed by priests and, increasingly, by lay practitioners who learn set verses without necessarily achieving fluency in the language itself. Weddings, funerals, and temple consecration ceremonies across the Hindu world typically include specific Sanskrit verses recited according to traditions transmitted within particular ritual lineages, with correct pronunciation treated in many of those lineages as carrying independent significance separate from a listener's comprehension of the words.

A smaller number of communities in India maintain Sanskrit as a spoken language of daily use, sustained partly through deliberate revival efforts and partly through unbroken scholarly and priestly transmission in specific institutions, though this spoken use remains a minority practice relative to Sanskrit's much larger ceremonial role. Contemporary yoga and meditation traditions worldwide, many with only partial roots in classical Sanskrit textual sources, nonetheless routinely use Sanskrit terminology and short mantras, extending the language's practical reach far beyond South Asia and into cultural contexts with no direct historical connection to it. India's government also maintains limited official recognition of Sanskrit, and some educational institutions offer instruction in it as a scholarly and cultural subject rather than treating it purely as an object of historical philology.

Cross-Tradition Connections

Associated With

Hinduism, Religions

Sanskrit is the canonical and liturgical language of Hinduism, the language of the epics, the Puranas and most temple ritual formulas.

The Ashtadhyayi describes the whole of the language in just under four thousand rules.

Attested in Region

Sanskrit is documented in use as a written language in Indian Subcontinent. The claim is where the language is documented in use as a written, literary or liturgical language. It is not a claim about the full extent of its speakers, and it is not a claim about where the language originated.

Source The World's Writing SystemsPeter T. Daniels and William Bright (eds.)

Named or Composed in This Language

Adhi, Yogas

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Source Brihat Parashara Hora ShastraSage Parashara (attributed)
Source The MahabharataVyasa (attributed)
Source Encyclopedia of HinduismDenise Cush, Catherine Robinson and Michael York (eds.)
Ah, Mantras

The mantra is transmitted in Sanskrit.

The mantra is transmitted in Sanskrit.

Ahamkara, Tattvas
Source SamkhyakarikaIsvarakrsna

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Alambusha, Nadis
Source Roots of YogaJames Mallinson and Mark Singleton (trans. and eds.)
Amala, Yogas

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Source Brihat Parashara Hora ShastraSage Parashara (attributed)
Amavasya, Tithis

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Anapha, Yogas

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Source Brihat Parashara Hora ShastraSage Parashara (attributed)
Source The MahabharataVyasa (attributed)
Source The Ramayana of ValmikiValmiki (attributed); Robert P. Goldman (general editor)

The mantra is transmitted in Sanskrit.

Source The MahabharataVyasa (attributed)
Ashtami, Tithis

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Source The MahabharataVyasa (attributed)
Atiganda, Nitya Yogas

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Source The Ramayana of ValmikiValmiki (attributed); Robert P. Goldman (general editor)
Ayushman, Nitya Yogas

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Source The Ramayana of ValmikiValmiki (attributed); Robert P. Goldman (general editor)
Balava, Karanas

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Bava, Karanas

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Source Brihat JatakaVarahamihira

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Source The MahabharataVyasa (attributed)
Bindu, Chakras
Source Roots of YogaJames Mallinson and Mark Singleton (trans. and eds.)
Brahma, Nitya Yogas

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Budha-Aditya, Yogas

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Source Brihat Parashara Hora ShastraSage Parashara (attributed)
Chakras, Disciplines
Source Roots of YogaJames Mallinson and Mark Singleton (trans. and eds.)
Chakshu, Tattvas
Source SamkhyakarikaIsvarakrsna

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Source Brihat Parashara Hora ShastraSage Parashara (attributed)

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Chandra-Mangala, Yogas

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Source Brihat Parashara Hora ShastraSage Parashara (attributed)
Chaturdashi, Tithis

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Chaturthi, Tithis

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Chatushpada, Karanas

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Crown, Chakras
Source Roots of YogaJames Mallinson and Mark Singleton (trans. and eds.)
Dashami, Tithis

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Dhana, Yoga Categories

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Source Brihat Parashara Hora ShastraSage Parashara (attributed)
Dhana Yoga, Yogas

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Source Brihat Parashara Hora ShastraSage Parashara (attributed)
Source The Yavanajataka of SphujidhvajaDavid Pingree
Dhriti, Nitya Yogas

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Dhruva, Nitya Yogas

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Source The JainsPaul Dundas

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Source The MahabharataVyasa (attributed)
Durudhara, Yogas

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Source Brihat Parashara Hora ShastraSage Parashara (attributed)
Source Encyclopedia of HinduismDenise Cush, Catherine Robinson and Michael York (eds.)

The name is Sanskrit, and the four age names are ordinary Sanskrit words before they are cosmological terms. Satya, Treta, Dvapara and Kali are the names of the four throws in an Indian dice game, four down to one, and the yuga names are taken from them. The connection is made in the older sources themselves.

Source A Sanskrit-English DictionaryMonier Monier-Williams

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Dwadashi, Tithis

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Dwitiya, Tithis

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Source Kukai: Major WorksYoshito S. Hakeda
Ekadashi, Tithis

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Source Kukai: Major WorksYoshito S. Hakeda
Gaja Kesari, Yogas

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Source Brihat Parashara Hora ShastraSage Parashara (attributed)
Ganda, Nitya Yogas

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Gandha, Tattvas
Source SamkhyakarikaIsvarakrsna
Gandhari, Nadis
Source Roots of YogaJames Mallinson and Mark Singleton (trans. and eds.)
Gara, Karanas

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

The mantra is transmitted in Sanskrit.

The prayer is transmitted in Sanskrit.

Ghrana, Tattvas
Source SamkhyakarikaIsvarakrsna
Guru, Grahas (Planets)

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

The mantra is transmitted in Sanskrit.

Ham, Mantras

The mantra is transmitted in Sanskrit.

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Source Brihat JatakaVarahamihira

The mantra is transmitted in Sanskrit.

Harshana, Nitya Yogas

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Hastijihva, Nadis
Source Roots of YogaJames Mallinson and Mark Singleton (trans. and eds.)
Heart, Chakras
Source Roots of YogaJames Mallinson and Mark Singleton (trans. and eds.)

The Panchanga and its technical vocabulary are Sanskrit. The language in which the calendar's own terminology is framed. Every one of these calendars is used today by communities working in many other languages, and the link records the technical language rather than the languages of its users.

Source Calendrical Calculations: The Ultimate EditionEdward M. Reingold and Nachum Dershowitz

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Hrim, Mantras

The mantra is transmitted in Sanskrit.

Ida, Nadis
Source Roots of YogaJames Mallinson and Mark Singleton (trans. and eds.)
Indra, Nitya Yogas

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Source Encyclopedia of HinduismDenise Cush, Catherine Robinson and Michael York (eds.)
Kala Sarpa, Yogas

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Source Brihat Parashara Hora ShastraSage Parashara (attributed)

The name is Sanskrit, and the four age names are ordinary Sanskrit words before they are cosmological terms. Satya, Treta, Dvapara and Kali are the names of the four throws in an Indian dice game, four down to one, and the yuga names are taken from them. The connection is made in the older sources themselves.

Source A Sanskrit-English DictionaryMonier Monier-Williams

Its own text: "a Sanskrit devotional hymn addressed to Parshvanatha".

Source The JainsPaul Dundas
Source The Yavanajataka of SphujidhvajaDavid Pingree
Source The Yavanajataka of SphujidhvajaDavid Pingree
Source The MahabharataVyasa (attributed)
Kaulava, Karanas

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Kemadruma, Yogas

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Source Brihat Parashara Hora ShastraSage Parashara (attributed)
Ketu, Grahas (Planets)

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Kimstughna, Karanas

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Source The Ramayana of ValmikiValmiki (attributed); Robert P. Goldman (general editor)
Klim, Mantras

The mantra is transmitted in Sanskrit.

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Krishna Navami, Tithis

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Kuhu, Nadis
Source Roots of YogaJames Mallinson and Mark Singleton (trans. and eds.)
Source The Yavanajataka of SphujidhvajaDavid Pingree
Lalana, Chakras
Source Roots of YogaJames Mallinson and Mark Singleton (trans. and eds.)
Lam, Mantras

The mantra is transmitted in Sanskrit.

The mantra is transmitted in Sanskrit.

The prayer is transmitted in Sanskrit.

Source The MahabharataVyasa (attributed)
Mahat, Tattvas
Source SamkhyakarikaIsvarakrsna
Source The Yavanajataka of SphujidhvajaDavid Pingree

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Source Brihat JatakaVarahamihira
Manas, Tattvas
Source SamkhyakarikaIsvarakrsna

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

The mantra is transmitted in Sanskrit.

Source The MahabharataVyasa (attributed)
Source The Princeton Dictionary of BuddhismRobert E. Buswell Jr. and Donald S. Lopez Jr.
Source The Yavanajataka of SphujidhvajaDavid Pingree
Source The Yavanajataka of SphujidhvajaDavid Pingree
Source The Yavanajataka of SphujidhvajaDavid Pingree

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Source Brihat Parashara Hora ShastraSage Parashara (attributed)
Naga, Karanas

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Naraka, Realms
Source Garuda PuranaAnonymous
Navami, Tithis

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Source Brihat Parashara Hora ShastraSage Parashara (attributed)
Om, Mantras

The mantra is transmitted in Sanskrit.

Om Ah Hum, Mantras

The mantra is transmitted in Sanskrit.

The mantra is transmitted in Sanskrit.

The mantra is transmitted in Sanskrit.

The mantra is transmitted in Sanskrit.

Source The Princeton Dictionary of BuddhismRobert E. Buswell Jr. and Donald S. Lopez Jr.

The mantra is transmitted in Sanskrit.

The mantra is transmitted in Sanskrit.

The mantra is transmitted in Sanskrit.

The mantra is transmitted in Sanskrit.

The mantra is transmitted in Sanskrit.

The mantra is transmitted in Sanskrit.

Om Tat Sat, Mantras

The mantra is transmitted in Sanskrit.

Pada, Tattvas
Source SamkhyakarikaIsvarakrsna
Panchami, Tithis

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Pani, Tattvas
Source SamkhyakarikaIsvarakrsna
Parigha, Nitya Yogas

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Source Brihat Parashara Hora ShastraSage Parashara (attributed)
Parivartana, Yogas

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Source Brihat Parashara Hora ShastraSage Parashara (attributed)

The prayer is transmitted in Sanskrit.

Payasvini, Nadis
Source Roots of YogaJames Mallinson and Mark Singleton (trans. and eds.)
Payu, Tattvas
Source SamkhyakarikaIsvarakrsna
Pingala, Nadis
Source Roots of YogaJames Mallinson and Mark Singleton (trans. and eds.)

Used for Sanskrit alongside Nepal Bhasa, the same pairing Ranjana carries.

Source The World's Writing SystemsPeter T. Daniels and William Bright (eds.)
Prakriti, Tattvas
Source SamkhyakarikaIsvarakrsna
Pratipada, Tithis

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

The prayer is transmitted in Sanskrit.

Priti, Nitya Yogas

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Purnima, Tithis

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Purusha, Tattvas
Source SamkhyakarikaIsvarakrsna
Pusha, Nadis
Source Roots of YogaJames Mallinson and Mark Singleton (trans. and eds.)
Rahu, Grahas (Planets)

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Raja, Yoga Categories

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Source Brihat Parashara Hora ShastraSage Parashara (attributed)
Raja Yoga, Yogas

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Source Brihat Parashara Hora ShastraSage Parashara (attributed)
Ram, Mantras

The mantra is transmitted in Sanskrit.

Source A History of Western AstrologyNicholas Campion
Rasa, Tattvas
Source SamkhyakarikaIsvarakrsna
Rasana, Tattvas
Source SamkhyakarikaIsvarakrsna

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Root, Chakras
Source Roots of YogaJames Mallinson and Mark Singleton (trans. and eds.)

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Source Brihat JatakaVarahamihira
Rupa, Tattvas
Source SamkhyakarikaIsvarakrsna
Source The MahabharataVyasa (attributed)
Sacral, Chakras
Source Roots of YogaJames Mallinson and Mark Singleton (trans. and eds.)
Sadhya, Nitya Yogas

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Sandalwood, Plants

The first element is from Sanskrit chandana through Greek and Latin santalon; wood was added in English once the foreign word had ceased to explain itself.

Source The Oxford English Dictionary, 3rd editionOxford University Press
Saptami, Tithis

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Sarasvati, Nadis
Source Roots of YogaJames Mallinson and Mark Singleton (trans. and eds.)

The name is Sanskrit, and the four age names are ordinary Sanskrit words before they are cosmological terms. Satya, Treta, Dvapara and Kali are the names of the four throws in an Indian dice game, four down to one, and the yuga names are taken from them. The connection is made in the older sources themselves.

Source A Sanskrit-English DictionaryMonier Monier-Williams
Saubhagya, Nitya Yogas

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Source The MahabharataVyasa (attributed)
Shabda, Tattvas
Source SamkhyakarikaIsvarakrsna
Source Encyclopedia of HinduismDenise Cush, Catherine Robinson and Michael York (eds.)
Source Encyclopedia of HinduismDenise Cush, Catherine Robinson and Michael York (eds.)
Shakuni, Karanas

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

The mantra is transmitted in Sanskrit.

Source The MahabharataVyasa (attributed)

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Shankhini, Nadis
Source Roots of YogaJames Mallinson and Mark Singleton (trans. and eds.)
Source The MahabharataVyasa (attributed)

The prayer is transmitted in Sanskrit.

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Source Brihat JatakaVarahamihira
Shashthi, Tithis

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Shiva, Nitya Yogas

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Shobhana, Nitya Yogas

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Shrim, Mantras

The mantra is transmitted in Sanskrit.

Shrotra, Tattvas
Source SamkhyakarikaIsvarakrsna
Shubha, Nitya Yogas

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Shukla, Nitya Yogas

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Shula, Nitya Yogas

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Siddha, Nitya Yogas

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Source A History of Western AstrologyNicholas Campion

The letter is named by its own Sanskrit sound and holds the place the Sanskrit phoneticians gave that sound in their analysis. Siddham was made to write this language, and the East Asian schools that preserved the script preserved it as a way of writing Sanskrit rather than adapting it to a local tongue.

Source The World's Writing SystemsPeter T. Daniels and William Bright (eds.)

The letter is named by its own Sanskrit sound and holds the place the Sanskrit phoneticians gave that sound in their analysis. Siddham was made to write this language, and the East Asian schools that preserved the script preserved it as a way of writing Sanskrit rather than adapting it to a local tongue.

Source The World's Writing SystemsPeter T. Daniels and William Bright (eds.)

The letter is named by its own Sanskrit sound and holds the place the Sanskrit phoneticians gave that sound in their analysis. Siddham was made to write this language, and the East Asian schools that preserved the script preserved it as a way of writing Sanskrit rather than adapting it to a local tongue.

Source The World's Writing SystemsPeter T. Daniels and William Bright (eds.)

The letter is named by its own Sanskrit sound and holds the place the Sanskrit phoneticians gave that sound in their analysis. Siddham was made to write this language, and the East Asian schools that preserved the script preserved it as a way of writing Sanskrit rather than adapting it to a local tongue.

Source The World's Writing SystemsPeter T. Daniels and William Bright (eds.)

The letter is named by its own Sanskrit sound and holds the place the Sanskrit phoneticians gave that sound in their analysis. Siddham was made to write this language, and the East Asian schools that preserved the script preserved it as a way of writing Sanskrit rather than adapting it to a local tongue.

Source The World's Writing SystemsPeter T. Daniels and William Bright (eds.)

The letter is named by its own Sanskrit sound and holds the place the Sanskrit phoneticians gave that sound in their analysis. Siddham was made to write this language, and the East Asian schools that preserved the script preserved it as a way of writing Sanskrit rather than adapting it to a local tongue.

Source The World's Writing SystemsPeter T. Daniels and William Bright (eds.)

The letter is named by its own Sanskrit sound and holds the place the Sanskrit phoneticians gave that sound in their analysis. Siddham was made to write this language, and the East Asian schools that preserved the script preserved it as a way of writing Sanskrit rather than adapting it to a local tongue.

Source The World's Writing SystemsPeter T. Daniels and William Bright (eds.)

The letter is named by its own Sanskrit sound and holds the place the Sanskrit phoneticians gave that sound in their analysis. Siddham was made to write this language, and the East Asian schools that preserved the script preserved it as a way of writing Sanskrit rather than adapting it to a local tongue.

Source The World's Writing SystemsPeter T. Daniels and William Bright (eds.)

The letter is named by its own Sanskrit sound and holds the place the Sanskrit phoneticians gave that sound in their analysis. Siddham was made to write this language, and the East Asian schools that preserved the script preserved it as a way of writing Sanskrit rather than adapting it to a local tongue.

Source The World's Writing SystemsPeter T. Daniels and William Bright (eds.)

The letter is named by its own Sanskrit sound and holds the place the Sanskrit phoneticians gave that sound in their analysis. Siddham was made to write this language, and the East Asian schools that preserved the script preserved it as a way of writing Sanskrit rather than adapting it to a local tongue.

Source The World's Writing SystemsPeter T. Daniels and William Bright (eds.)

The letter is named by its own Sanskrit sound and holds the place the Sanskrit phoneticians gave that sound in their analysis. Siddham was made to write this language, and the East Asian schools that preserved the script preserved it as a way of writing Sanskrit rather than adapting it to a local tongue.

Source The World's Writing SystemsPeter T. Daniels and William Bright (eds.)

The letter is named by its own Sanskrit sound and holds the place the Sanskrit phoneticians gave that sound in their analysis. Siddham was made to write this language, and the East Asian schools that preserved the script preserved it as a way of writing Sanskrit rather than adapting it to a local tongue.

Source The World's Writing SystemsPeter T. Daniels and William Bright (eds.)

The letter is named by its own Sanskrit sound and holds the place the Sanskrit phoneticians gave that sound in their analysis. Siddham was made to write this language, and the East Asian schools that preserved the script preserved it as a way of writing Sanskrit rather than adapting it to a local tongue.

Source The World's Writing SystemsPeter T. Daniels and William Bright (eds.)

The letter is named by its own Sanskrit sound and holds the place the Sanskrit phoneticians gave that sound in their analysis. Siddham was made to write this language, and the East Asian schools that preserved the script preserved it as a way of writing Sanskrit rather than adapting it to a local tongue.

Source The World's Writing SystemsPeter T. Daniels and William Bright (eds.)

The letter is named by its own Sanskrit sound and holds the place the Sanskrit phoneticians gave that sound in their analysis. Siddham was made to write this language, and the East Asian schools that preserved the script preserved it as a way of writing Sanskrit rather than adapting it to a local tongue.

Source The World's Writing SystemsPeter T. Daniels and William Bright (eds.)

The letter is named by its own Sanskrit sound and holds the place the Sanskrit phoneticians gave that sound in their analysis. Siddham was made to write this language, and the East Asian schools that preserved the script preserved it as a way of writing Sanskrit rather than adapting it to a local tongue.

Source The World's Writing SystemsPeter T. Daniels and William Bright (eds.)

The letter is named by its own Sanskrit sound and holds the place the Sanskrit phoneticians gave that sound in their analysis. Siddham was made to write this language, and the East Asian schools that preserved the script preserved it as a way of writing Sanskrit rather than adapting it to a local tongue.

Source The World's Writing SystemsPeter T. Daniels and William Bright (eds.)

The letter is named by its own Sanskrit sound and holds the place the Sanskrit phoneticians gave that sound in their analysis. Siddham was made to write this language, and the East Asian schools that preserved the script preserved it as a way of writing Sanskrit rather than adapting it to a local tongue.

Source The World's Writing SystemsPeter T. Daniels and William Bright (eds.)

The letter is named by its own Sanskrit sound and holds the place the Sanskrit phoneticians gave that sound in their analysis. Siddham was made to write this language, and the East Asian schools that preserved the script preserved it as a way of writing Sanskrit rather than adapting it to a local tongue.

Source The World's Writing SystemsPeter T. Daniels and William Bright (eds.)

The letter is named by its own Sanskrit sound and holds the place the Sanskrit phoneticians gave that sound in their analysis. Siddham was made to write this language, and the East Asian schools that preserved the script preserved it as a way of writing Sanskrit rather than adapting it to a local tongue.

Source The World's Writing SystemsPeter T. Daniels and William Bright (eds.)

The letter is named by its own Sanskrit sound and holds the place the Sanskrit phoneticians gave that sound in their analysis. Siddham was made to write this language, and the East Asian schools that preserved the script preserved it as a way of writing Sanskrit rather than adapting it to a local tongue.

Source The World's Writing SystemsPeter T. Daniels and William Bright (eds.)

The letter is named by its own Sanskrit sound and holds the place the Sanskrit phoneticians gave that sound in their analysis. Siddham was made to write this language, and the East Asian schools that preserved the script preserved it as a way of writing Sanskrit rather than adapting it to a local tongue.

Source The World's Writing SystemsPeter T. Daniels and William Bright (eds.)

The letter is named by its own Sanskrit sound and holds the place the Sanskrit phoneticians gave that sound in their analysis. Siddham was made to write this language, and the East Asian schools that preserved the script preserved it as a way of writing Sanskrit rather than adapting it to a local tongue.

Source The World's Writing SystemsPeter T. Daniels and William Bright (eds.)

The letter is named by its own Sanskrit sound and holds the place the Sanskrit phoneticians gave that sound in their analysis. Siddham was made to write this language, and the East Asian schools that preserved the script preserved it as a way of writing Sanskrit rather than adapting it to a local tongue.

Source The World's Writing SystemsPeter T. Daniels and William Bright (eds.)

The letter is named by its own Sanskrit sound and holds the place the Sanskrit phoneticians gave that sound in their analysis. Siddham was made to write this language, and the East Asian schools that preserved the script preserved it as a way of writing Sanskrit rather than adapting it to a local tongue.

Source The World's Writing SystemsPeter T. Daniels and William Bright (eds.)

The letter is named by its own Sanskrit sound and holds the place the Sanskrit phoneticians gave that sound in their analysis. Siddham was made to write this language, and the East Asian schools that preserved the script preserved it as a way of writing Sanskrit rather than adapting it to a local tongue.

Source The World's Writing SystemsPeter T. Daniels and William Bright (eds.)

The letter is named by its own Sanskrit sound and holds the place the Sanskrit phoneticians gave that sound in their analysis. Siddham was made to write this language, and the East Asian schools that preserved the script preserved it as a way of writing Sanskrit rather than adapting it to a local tongue.

Source The World's Writing SystemsPeter T. Daniels and William Bright (eds.)

The letter is named by its own Sanskrit sound and holds the place the Sanskrit phoneticians gave that sound in their analysis. Siddham was made to write this language, and the East Asian schools that preserved the script preserved it as a way of writing Sanskrit rather than adapting it to a local tongue.

Source The World's Writing SystemsPeter T. Daniels and William Bright (eds.)

The letter is named by its own Sanskrit sound and holds the place the Sanskrit phoneticians gave that sound in their analysis. Siddham was made to write this language, and the East Asian schools that preserved the script preserved it as a way of writing Sanskrit rather than adapting it to a local tongue.

Source The World's Writing SystemsPeter T. Daniels and William Bright (eds.)

The letter is named by its own Sanskrit sound and holds the place the Sanskrit phoneticians gave that sound in their analysis. Siddham was made to write this language, and the East Asian schools that preserved the script preserved it as a way of writing Sanskrit rather than adapting it to a local tongue.

Source The World's Writing SystemsPeter T. Daniels and William Bright (eds.)

The letter is named by its own Sanskrit sound and holds the place the Sanskrit phoneticians gave that sound in their analysis. Siddham was made to write this language, and the East Asian schools that preserved the script preserved it as a way of writing Sanskrit rather than adapting it to a local tongue.

Source The World's Writing SystemsPeter T. Daniels and William Bright (eds.)

The letter is named by its own Sanskrit sound and holds the place the Sanskrit phoneticians gave that sound in their analysis. Siddham was made to write this language, and the East Asian schools that preserved the script preserved it as a way of writing Sanskrit rather than adapting it to a local tongue.

Source The World's Writing SystemsPeter T. Daniels and William Bright (eds.)

The letter is named by its own Sanskrit sound and holds the place the Sanskrit phoneticians gave that sound in their analysis. Siddham was made to write this language, and the East Asian schools that preserved the script preserved it as a way of writing Sanskrit rather than adapting it to a local tongue.

Source The World's Writing SystemsPeter T. Daniels and William Bright (eds.)

The letter is named by its own Sanskrit sound and holds the place the Sanskrit phoneticians gave that sound in their analysis. Siddham was made to write this language, and the East Asian schools that preserved the script preserved it as a way of writing Sanskrit rather than adapting it to a local tongue.

Source The World's Writing SystemsPeter T. Daniels and William Bright (eds.)

The letter is named by its own Sanskrit sound and holds the place the Sanskrit phoneticians gave that sound in their analysis. Siddham was made to write this language, and the East Asian schools that preserved the script preserved it as a way of writing Sanskrit rather than adapting it to a local tongue.

Source The World's Writing SystemsPeter T. Daniels and William Bright (eds.)

The letter is named by its own Sanskrit sound and holds the place the Sanskrit phoneticians gave that sound in their analysis. Siddham was made to write this language, and the East Asian schools that preserved the script preserved it as a way of writing Sanskrit rather than adapting it to a local tongue.

Source The World's Writing SystemsPeter T. Daniels and William Bright (eds.)

The letter is named by its own Sanskrit sound and holds the place the Sanskrit phoneticians gave that sound in their analysis. Siddham was made to write this language, and the East Asian schools that preserved the script preserved it as a way of writing Sanskrit rather than adapting it to a local tongue.

Source The World's Writing SystemsPeter T. Daniels and William Bright (eds.)

The letter is named by its own Sanskrit sound and holds the place the Sanskrit phoneticians gave that sound in their analysis. Siddham was made to write this language, and the East Asian schools that preserved the script preserved it as a way of writing Sanskrit rather than adapting it to a local tongue.

Source The World's Writing SystemsPeter T. Daniels and William Bright (eds.)

The letter is named by its own Sanskrit sound and holds the place the Sanskrit phoneticians gave that sound in their analysis. Siddham was made to write this language, and the East Asian schools that preserved the script preserved it as a way of writing Sanskrit rather than adapting it to a local tongue.

Source The World's Writing SystemsPeter T. Daniels and William Bright (eds.)

The letter is named by its own Sanskrit sound and holds the place the Sanskrit phoneticians gave that sound in their analysis. Siddham was made to write this language, and the East Asian schools that preserved the script preserved it as a way of writing Sanskrit rather than adapting it to a local tongue.

Source The World's Writing SystemsPeter T. Daniels and William Bright (eds.)

The letter is named by its own Sanskrit sound and holds the place the Sanskrit phoneticians gave that sound in their analysis. Siddham was made to write this language, and the East Asian schools that preserved the script preserved it as a way of writing Sanskrit rather than adapting it to a local tongue.

Source The World's Writing SystemsPeter T. Daniels and William Bright (eds.)

The letter is named by its own Sanskrit sound and holds the place the Sanskrit phoneticians gave that sound in their analysis. Siddham was made to write this language, and the East Asian schools that preserved the script preserved it as a way of writing Sanskrit rather than adapting it to a local tongue.

Source The World's Writing SystemsPeter T. Daniels and William Bright (eds.)

The letter is named by its own Sanskrit sound and holds the place the Sanskrit phoneticians gave that sound in their analysis. Siddham was made to write this language, and the East Asian schools that preserved the script preserved it as a way of writing Sanskrit rather than adapting it to a local tongue.

Source The World's Writing SystemsPeter T. Daniels and William Bright (eds.)

The letter is named by its own Sanskrit sound and holds the place the Sanskrit phoneticians gave that sound in their analysis. Siddham was made to write this language, and the East Asian schools that preserved the script preserved it as a way of writing Sanskrit rather than adapting it to a local tongue.

Source The World's Writing SystemsPeter T. Daniels and William Bright (eds.)

The letter is named by its own Sanskrit sound and holds the place the Sanskrit phoneticians gave that sound in their analysis. Siddham was made to write this language, and the East Asian schools that preserved the script preserved it as a way of writing Sanskrit rather than adapting it to a local tongue.

Source The World's Writing SystemsPeter T. Daniels and William Bright (eds.)

The letter is named by its own Sanskrit sound and holds the place the Sanskrit phoneticians gave that sound in their analysis. Siddham was made to write this language, and the East Asian schools that preserved the script preserved it as a way of writing Sanskrit rather than adapting it to a local tongue.

Source The World's Writing SystemsPeter T. Daniels and William Bright (eds.)

The letter is named by its own Sanskrit sound and holds the place the Sanskrit phoneticians gave that sound in their analysis. Siddham was made to write this language, and the East Asian schools that preserved the script preserved it as a way of writing Sanskrit rather than adapting it to a local tongue.

Source The World's Writing SystemsPeter T. Daniels and William Bright (eds.)
Siddhi, Nitya Yogas

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Source The Yavanajataka of SphujidhvajaDavid Pingree
Source Encyclopedia of HinduismDenise Cush, Catherine Robinson and Michael York (eds.)
So Ham, Mantras

The mantra is transmitted in Sanskrit.

Solar, Yoga Categories

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Source Brihat Parashara Hora ShastraSage Parashara (attributed)
Solar Plexus, Chakras
Source Roots of YogaJames Mallinson and Mark Singleton (trans. and eds.)
Sparsha, Tattvas
Source SamkhyakarikaIsvarakrsna
Source The MahabharataVyasa (attributed)
Sukarma, Nitya Yogas

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Sunapha, Yogas

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Source Brihat Parashara Hora ShastraSage Parashara (attributed)
Source The Ramayana of ValmikiValmiki (attributed); Robert P. Goldman (general editor)

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Sushumna, Nadis
Source Roots of YogaJames Mallinson and Mark Singleton (trans. and eds.)
Svarga, Realms
Source The MahabharataVyasa (attributed)
Source The MahabharataVyasa (attributed)
Source The JainsPaul Dundas
Taitila, Karanas

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Tarpana, Rituals
Source Encyclopedia of HinduismDenise Cush, Catherine Robinson and Michael York (eds.)
Tat Tvam Asi, Mantras

The mantra is transmitted in Sanskrit.

Third Eye, Chakras
Source Roots of YogaJames Mallinson and Mark Singleton (trans. and eds.)
Throat, Chakras
Source Roots of YogaJames Mallinson and Mark Singleton (trans. and eds.)

The mantra is transmitted in Sanskrit.

Trayodashi, Tithis

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

The name is Sanskrit, and the four age names are ordinary Sanskrit words before they are cosmological terms. Satya, Treta, Dvapara and Kali are the names of the four throws in an Indian dice game, four down to one, and the yuga names are taken from them. The connection is made in the older sources themselves.

Source A Sanskrit-English DictionaryMonier Monier-Williams

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Tritiya, Tithis

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Source The Yavanajataka of SphujidhvajaDavid Pingree
Tvak, Tattvas
Source SamkhyakarikaIsvarakrsna
Source The MahabharataVyasa (attributed)
Upastha, Tattvas
Source SamkhyakarikaIsvarakrsna
Source The Ramayana of ValmikiValmiki (attributed); Robert P. Goldman (general editor)
Vaidhriti, Nitya Yogas

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Source Encyclopedia of HinduismDenise Cush, Catherine Robinson and Michael York (eds.)
Vajra, Nitya Yogas

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Source The Princeton Dictionary of BuddhismRobert E. Buswell Jr. and Donald S. Lopez Jr.
Vak, Tattvas
Source SamkhyakarikaIsvarakrsna
Vam, Mantras

The mantra is transmitted in Sanskrit.

Source The MahabharataVyasa (attributed)
Vanija, Karanas

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Variyana, Nitya Yogas

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Varuni, Nadis
Source Roots of YogaJames Mallinson and Mark Singleton (trans. and eds.)

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Source Brihat Parashara Hora ShastraSage Parashara (attributed)
Source The MahabharataVyasa (attributed)
Source Encyclopedia of HinduismDenise Cush, Catherine Robinson and Michael York (eds.)

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Vishti, Karanas

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Vishvodara, Nadis
Source Roots of YogaJames Mallinson and Mark Singleton (trans. and eds.)
Source Kukai: Major WorksYoshito S. Hakeda
Vriddhi, Nitya Yogas

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Vyaghata, Nitya Yogas

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Vyatipata, Nitya Yogas

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Source Kukai: Major WorksYoshito S. Hakeda
Source Kukai: Major WorksYoshito S. Hakeda
Yam, Mantras

The mantra is transmitted in Sanskrit.

Yashasvini, Nadis
Source Roots of YogaJames Mallinson and Mark Singleton (trans. and eds.)
Source The Ramayana of ValmikiValmiki (attributed); Robert P. Goldman (general editor)

Related To

Bengali, Languages

Bengali is an Indo-Aryan language descended from the Middle Indic stages that follow Sanskrit.

Prakrit, Languages

Prakrit stands between Vedic Sanskrit and the modern North Indian languages.

Sanskrit is one of its attested descendants.

Sources
1. The World's Writing Systems
Peter T. Daniels and William Bright (eds.), Oxford University Press, 1996View the Source
2. Ethnologue: Languages of the World
David M. Eberhard, Gary F. Simons and Charles D. Fennig (eds.), SIL International, 2024View the Source
3. Indian Epigraphy: A Guide to the Study of Inscriptions in Sanskrit, Prakrit, and the Other Indo-Aryan Languages
Richard Salomon, Oxford University Press, 1998View the Source
4. The Ramayana of Valmiki
Valmiki (attributed); Robert P. Goldman (general editor), Princeton University Press
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