Tarazed is Gamma Aquilae, apparent magnitude about 2.7, at roughly 460 light years. It is an orange bright giant, spectral type K3, a star that has left the main sequence and swollen to many times the Sun's diameter; it is far more luminous than its modest brightness suggests, its distance doing the discounting. It lies just north of Altair, and the two, with the fainter Alshain to the south, form the short line that makes the eagle's head recognisable. The name comes from a Persian phrase for the beam of a steelyard balance, the three stars read together as the balance and its weights.
Persian balance imagery of this kind, a beam and its weights read into a short line of stars, is one of the older non-Arabic, non-Greek naming layers preserved in the fixed-star catalogues; Persian astronomy and astrology had its own independent tradition of court astrologers well before the Islamic conquest, and fragments of that older Persian nomenclature survive scattered through names that later compilers filed simply as "Arabic" without distinguishing the two Middle Eastern traditions. Tarazed's greater distance than Altair despite its similar apparent brightness is a clean small illustration of the general principle that apparent magnitude alone never tells an observer how intrinsically luminous a star actually is.
Sources AstronomyAndrew Fraknoi, David Morrison, and Sidney C. Wolff (OpenStax) with Star Names: Their Lore and MeaningRichard Hinckley Allen