Haumia, in fuller form Haumia-tiketike, is the Maori and wider Polynesian atua of uncultivated food, principally aruhe, the root of the bracken fern that fed people without being planted or tended. He is a son of Ranginui and Papatuanuku and, with his brothers Tane, Tangaroa, Tu and Rongo, one of the departmental gods that Te Ara, the New Zealand government's own encyclopedia, names as taking charge of a portion of the world once it was forced open between the sky and the earth. Where Rongo governs the tended crop, Haumia governs what the land gives without cultivation, and the fernroot he presides over was, before the kumara's wider adoption, a staple that could be gathered through lean seasons when planted food failed. Tradition holds him, with Rongo, among the brothers whom Tawhirimatea, the god of storms, attacked in fury at the separation of their parents, since a crop battered by wind and rain is exactly the harm a storm does to what Haumia and Rongo provide.
Facts
Attributions
Mythic AssociationHaumia's uncultivated fernroot, aruhe, fed people through lean seasons before the kumara's wider adoption. 1 Origins
Origin of the NameHaumia, in the fuller Haumia-tiketike, ties directly to the wild, uncultivated growth he governs; Maori-language sources gloss haumia in connection with what grows untended rather than what is planted and tended, the same distinction drawn between his fernroot and Rongo's cultivated crop, while tiketike carries a sense of standing tall or lofty. 2 Belief
TheologyPolytheistic: many gods 2 Cult
Attributes and IconographyHaumia has no anthropomorphic image separate from his domain. His presence is marked by the plant itself: aruhe, the bracken fern root he governs, is treated in tradition as his bodily form rather than any carved or painted likeness being made of him, in keeping with his character as an uncultivated rather than a tended and ritually elaborated crop god. 2 Function
Domain / FunctionWilderness and wild animals 1 Domain / Function Attestation
Veneration TodayActively venerated in a living tradition 1 HistoricityNot a historical person: a divine or other-than-human being 2 Correspondences & Relations
Connections
Child Of
Source Polynesian Mythology and Ancient Traditional History of the New Zealand RaceGeorge Grey
Source Polynesian Mythology and Ancient Traditional History of the New Zealand RaceGeorge Grey
Opposed By
Source Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New ZealandManatu Taonga, New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage
Same Figure, Narrative Entry
Sibling Of
Worshipped In
Source Polynesian Mythology and Ancient Traditional History of the New Zealand RaceGeorge Grey
Sources
1. Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand
Manatu Taonga, New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage, New Zealand Government, 2005Nga atua, the gods: Haumia among the departmental godsView the Source 2. Polynesian Mythology and Ancient Traditional History of the New Zealand Race
George Grey, John Murray, 1855on Haumia as one of the sons of Ranginui and Papatuanuku and god of uncultivated foodView the Source Reader Challenges (0)
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