Divinity Atlas
Claims this atlas currently marks as unsettled or as tested and found false. A debated fact is one scholars hold competing positions on; a debunked one has been checked against the record and found not to hold. Both are kept in view rather than quietly smoothed over, with the reasoning that put each one where it stands.
3,862 statements.
Third Crusade, Death Toll Maximum3000.000000
Third Crusade, Wars & Conflicts
Standing
Concerns Death Toll Maximum
Currently States 3000.000000
The same Ayyadieh execution of Acre garrison prisoners, 20 August 1191. The higher reported bound, about 3,000 killed, appears alongside the lower 2,500 figure across the secondary literature on the siege; this atlas records the spread rather than a single smoothed number because primary chronicle counts for a mass execution of this kind were never tallied with the precision a modern casualty count would require.
Source A History of the Crusades, Volume 3: The Kingdom of Acre (Runciman), Steven Runciman
Third Crusade, Death Toll AssessmentThe recorded figure is scoped to a single documented atrocity, Richard the Lionheart's execution of the Acre garrison at Ayyadieh on 20 August 1191, not an aggregate for the whole Third Crusade, whose wider campaign losses (Hattin, the siege of Acre itself, Arsuf) have no reconciled total in the scholarship consulted. Steven Runciman's account treats the Ayyadieh killings as a calculated reprisal for Saladin's missed ransom deadline rather than religious massacre for its own sake, a political reading of an episode often remembered in purely confessional terms.
Third Crusade, Wars & Conflicts
Standing
Concerns Death Toll Assessment
Currently States The recorded figure is scoped to a single documented atrocity, Richard the Lionheart's execution of the Acre garrison at Ayyadieh on 20 August 1191, not an aggregate for the whole Third Crusade, whose wider campaign losses (Hattin, the siege of Acre itself, Arsuf) have no reconciled total in the scholarship consulted. Steven Runciman's account treats the Ayyadieh killings as a calculated reprisal for Saladin's missed ransom deadline rather than religious massacre for its own sake, a political reading of an episode often remembered in purely confessional terms.
Source A History of the Crusades, Volume 3: The Kingdom of Acre (Runciman), Steven Runciman
Third Eye, Attributed Author / CompilerThe Sat-Cakra-Nirupana is the sixth chapter of his Sri-tattva-cintamani
Third Eye, Chakras
Standing
Concerns Attributed Author / Compiler
Currently States The Sat-Cakra-Nirupana is the sixth chapter of his Sri-tattva-cintamani
According To Sat-Cakra-Nirupana (1577)
Kurt Leland's Rainbow Body: A History of the Western Chakra System from Blavatsky to Brennan (Ibis Press, 2016) traces the composition date of Purnananda Yati's Sri-tattva-cintamani, the Sanskrit source text behind the seven-chakra system as it reached the West, and finds two dates still in circulation among catalogers and translators, converted from the Hindu Saka calendar: Saka 1448 (1526 CE) and Saka 1499 (1577 CE). Leland compares the manuscript colophons and the catalogue entries recording each date and reports neither has driven out the other in the secondary literature, which is why this atlas's own separate article on the text gives 1577 as a working date while this property records the dispute rather than silently picking one figure.
Source Rainbow Body: A History of the Western Chakra System from Blavatsky to Brennan, Kurt Leland
Third Eye, Attributed Author / CompilerIts date is given as 1526 in some reckonings and 1577 in others
Third Eye, Chakras
Standing
Concerns Attributed Author / Compiler
Currently States Its date is given as 1526 in some reckonings and 1577 in others
According To Sat-Cakra-Nirupana (1577)
Kurt Leland's Rainbow Body: A History of the Western Chakra System from Blavatsky to Brennan (Ibis Press, 2016) traces the composition date of Purnananda Yati's Sri-tattva-cintamani, the Sanskrit source text behind the seven-chakra system as it reached the West, and finds two dates still in circulation among catalogers and translators, converted from the Hindu Saka calendar: Saka 1448 (1526 CE) and Saka 1499 (1577 CE). Leland compares the manuscript colophons and the catalogue entries recording each date and reports neither has driven out the other in the secondary literature, which is why this atlas's own separate article on the text gives 1577 as a working date while this property records the dispute rather than silently picking one figure.
Source Rainbow Body: A History of the Western Chakra System from Blavatsky to Brennan, Kurt Leland
Third Eye, Attributed Author / CompilerPurnananda, a sixteenth-century Bengali tantric author
Third Eye, Chakras
Standing
Concerns Attributed Author / Compiler
Currently States Purnananda, a sixteenth-century Bengali tantric author
According To Sat-Cakra-Nirupana (1577)
Kurt Leland's Rainbow Body: A History of the Western Chakra System from Blavatsky to Brennan (Ibis Press, 2016) traces the composition date of Purnananda Yati's Sri-tattva-cintamani, the Sanskrit source text behind the seven-chakra system as it reached the West, and finds two dates still in circulation among catalogers and translators, converted from the Hindu Saka calendar: Saka 1448 (1526 CE) and Saka 1499 (1577 CE). Leland compares the manuscript colophons and the catalogue entries recording each date and reports neither has driven out the other in the secondary literature, which is why this atlas's own separate article on the text gives 1577 as a working date while this property records the dispute rather than silently picking one figure.
Source Rainbow Body: A History of the Western Chakra System from Blavatsky to Brennan, Kurt Leland
Third Eye, Origin Period Start Year1919
Third Eye, Chakras
Standing
Concerns Origin Period Start Year
Currently States 1919
According To The Western chakra system, from Blavatsky to Brennan
Kurt Leland's Rainbow Body (Ibis Press, 2016) dates the London publisher Luzac and Co.'s first printing of Arthur Avalon's (John Woodroffe's) The Serpent Power, the work that fixed the seven-chakra scheme for Western readers, to 1919, based on the publisher's own catalogue record; some other library catalogues, and the Chakra 1 article elsewhere in this collection, instead give 1918. Leland does not adjudicate the one-year gap, which most likely reflects the ordinary difference between a book's printing date and its public release date, a common source of catalogue disagreement for this period. The atlas records 1919 as the publisher-attributed year and flags the alternative rather than asserting either flatly.
Source Rainbow Body: A History of the Western Chakra System from Blavatsky to Brennan, Kurt Leland
Third Eye, Origin Period End Year1919
Third Eye, Chakras
Standing
Concerns Origin Period End Year
Currently States 1919
According To The Western chakra system, from Blavatsky to Brennan
Kurt Leland's Rainbow Body (Ibis Press, 2016) dates the London publisher Luzac and Co.'s first printing of Arthur Avalon's (John Woodroffe's) The Serpent Power, the work that fixed the seven-chakra scheme for Western readers, to 1919, based on the publisher's own catalogue record; some other library catalogues, and the Chakra 1 article elsewhere in this collection, instead give 1918. Leland does not adjudicate the one-year gap, which most likely reflects the ordinary difference between a book's printing date and its public release date, a common source of catalogue disagreement for this period. The atlas records 1919 as the publisher-attributed year and flags the alternative rather than asserting either flatly.
Source Rainbow Body: A History of the Western Chakra System from Blavatsky to Brennan, Kurt Leland
Third Sun, Proposed DatingRuling god and destroying agent for this age vary between colonial sources
Third Sun, Ages
Standing
Concerns Proposed Dating
Currently States Ruling god and destroying agent for this age vary between colonial sources
The Codex Chimalpopoca's Legend of the Suns names Tlaloc and a rain of fire; Historia de los Mexicanos por sus Pinturas gives a different sequence of rulers and disasters across the Five Suns. Neither source is treated here as more authoritative than the other.
Source Aztec Thought and Culture: A Study of the Ancient Nahuatl Mind, Miguel Leon-Portilla
Thirty Years War, Religious DimensionConfession organised the war's alliances and propaganda, yet Catholic France financed Protestant Sweden and mercenary armies fought without creed; whether it was fundamentally a war of religion or a constitutional crisis of the Empire is a standing scholarly argument
Thirty Years War, Wars & Conflicts
Standing
Concerns Religious Dimension
Currently States Confession organised the war's alliances and propaganda, yet Catholic France financed Protestant Sweden and mercenary armies fought without creed; whether it was fundamentally a war of religion or a constitutional crisis of the Empire is a standing scholarly argument
Wilson's standard history argues the Empire's constitutional crisis drove the war; the older confessional reading holds religion central. Both positions are live in the literature.
Source Europe's Tragedy: A History of the Thirty Years War, Peter H. Wilson
Thirty Years War, Death Toll Minimum4500000.000000
Thirty Years War, Wars & Conflicts
Standing
Concerns Death Toll Minimum
Currently States 4500000.000000
Peter Wilson's direct military casualty count, killed or wounded in action plus disease among soldiers, is far lower than the totals quoted here; the 4.5 million figure is the low end of the broader civilian-inclusive toll from war, famine and disease that general histories cite, reflecting the collapse of civil society across the Empire rather than combat deaths alone.
Source Europe's Tragedy: A History of the Thirty Years War, Peter H. Wilson
Thirty Years War, Death Toll Maximum8000000.000000
Thirty Years War, Wars & Conflicts
Standing
Concerns Death Toll Maximum
Currently States 8000000.000000
The commonly cited upper figure, consistent with the claim that the war killed close to a quarter of the population of the German lands. Most of this toll is attributed to disease and starvation following the general breakdown of civil society rather than to battlefield deaths.
Source Europe's Tragedy: A History of the Thirty Years War, Peter H. Wilson
Thirty Years War, Death Toll AssessmentWhether the Thirty Years War itself was a religious war is the central historiographic debate about it, not a settled premise: Peter Wilson's history argues the conflict was fought as much over dynastic and constitutional power within the Holy Roman Empire as over confession, with Catholic France backing the Protestant side against the Catholic Habsburgs for reasons of state. The death toll compounds that same difficulty. The 4.5 to 8 million range recorded here spans direct military dead and the far larger indirect toll of famine and disease following the collapse of civil society across the Empire, losses that fall on confessional and political grounds alike and cannot be apportioned to religious causation specifically. No historian consulted separates a religiously caused toll from the war's wider demographic catastrophe.
Thirty Years War, Wars & Conflicts
Standing
Concerns Death Toll Assessment
Currently States Whether the Thirty Years War itself was a religious war is the central historiographic debate about it, not a settled premise: Peter Wilson's history argues the conflict was fought as much over dynastic and constitutional power within the Holy Roman Empire as over confession, with Catholic France backing the Protestant side against the Catholic Habsburgs for reasons of state. The death toll compounds that same difficulty. The 4.5 to 8 million range recorded here spans direct military dead and the far larger indirect toll of famine and disease following the collapse of civil society across the Empire, losses that fall on confessional and political grounds alike and cannot be apportioned to religious causation specifically. No historian consulted separates a religiously caused toll from the war's wider demographic catastrophe.
Source Europe's Tragedy: A History of the Thirty Years War, Peter H. Wilson
Thomas a Kempis, Lifespan or Floruit Start Year1380
Thomas a Kempis, Figures
Standing
Concerns Lifespan or Floruit Start Year
Currently States 1380
The source marks this year circa, its own approximate estimate rather than a fixed date.
Source The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, 3rd revised edition, F. L. Cross and E. A. Livingstone (eds.)
Thomas Becket, Lifespan or Floruit Start Year1119
Thomas Becket, Historical Figures
Standing
Concerns Lifespan or Floruit Start Year
Currently States 1119
Medieval biographical sources for Becket do not agree closely enough to fix his birth year exactly, and historians cite either 1118, 1119 or 1120; 1119 is recorded here as the commonly cited middle figure rather than a settled date, unlike his murder in Canterbury Cathedral, which is dated precisely.
Source Thomas Becket, Frank Barlow
Thomas of Celano, How Its Legacy Is ContestedThe Dies Irae is traditionally ascribed to Thomas of Celano (about 1190 to about 1260), best known as the biographer of Francis of Assisi commissioned by Pope Gregory IX in 1228 to write the Vita Prima; the Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (3rd revised edition, Cross and Livingstone, eds., Oxford University Press, 2005) treats the ascription of the hymn itself as resting on evidence that is late and indirect.
Thomas of Celano, Historical Figures
Standing
Concerns How Its Legacy Is Contested
Currently States The Dies Irae is traditionally ascribed to Thomas of Celano (about 1190 to about 1260), best known as the biographer of Francis of Assisi commissioned by Pope Gregory IX in 1228 to write the Vita Prima; the Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (3rd revised edition, Cross and Livingstone, eds., Oxford University Press, 2005) treats the ascription of the hymn itself as resting on evidence that is late and indirect.
Source The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, 3rd revised edition, F. L. Cross and E. A. Livingstone (eds.)
Thomas of Celano, Lifespan or Floruit Start Year1190
Thomas of Celano, Historical Figures
Standing
Concerns Lifespan or Floruit Start Year
Currently States 1190
The source gives this year as about, its own approximate estimate rather than a fixed date.
Source The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, 3rd revised edition, F. L. Cross and E. A. Livingstone (eds.)
Thomas of Celano, Lifespan or Floruit End Year1260
Thomas of Celano, Historical Figures
Standing
Concerns Lifespan or Floruit End Year
Currently States 1260
The source gives this year as about, its own approximate estimate rather than a fixed date.
Source The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, 3rd revised edition, F. L. Cross and E. A. Livingstone (eds.)
Thomas Rudd, HistoricityHistoricity debated
Thomas Rudd, Historical Figures
Standing
Concerns Historicity
Currently States Historicity debated
Thomas Rudd is credited by a manuscript tradition, chiefly Harley MS 6482, with pairing the seventy-two spirits of the Ars Goetia against the seventy-two angels of the Shem ha-Mephorash, position for position, but the attribution to Rudd himself is questioned. The surviving manuscripts are compilations assembled from more than one hand rather than a single authored work, and no manuscript names its own compiler with certainty, so what is debated is not whether Rudd existed, he is independently known as a seventeenth century English mathematician and military engineer, but whether the specific pairing system carrying his name is genuinely his own compilation or a later attribution to a known figure's name. The Goetia of Dr Rudd (Harley MS 6482 and related manuscripts), the primary manuscript source itself, is cited at Tier 2 for exactly this reason: it is the tradition's own account of its authorship rather than independent evidence for it.
Source The Goetia of Dr Rudd (Harley MS 6482 and related manuscripts), Thomas Rudd
Thomas Rudd, Place of OriginNot established as a single person's fact. If identified with the mathematician and military engineer Thomas Rudd of Higham Ferrers, Northamptonshire, born 1583 or 1584, that would be his birthplace, but whether that Thomas Rudd is the same figure as the "Dr Rudd" credited with the angel-magic manuscripts, rather than a later compiler borrowing his name, is itself disputed.
Thomas Rudd, Historical Figures
Standing
Concerns Place of Origin
Currently States Not established as a single person's fact. If identified with the mathematician and military engineer Thomas Rudd of Higham Ferrers, Northamptonshire, born 1583 or 1584, that would be his birthplace, but whether that Thomas Rudd is the same figure as the "Dr Rudd" credited with the angel-magic manuscripts, rather than a later compiler borrowing his name, is itself disputed.
Source The Goetia of Dr Rudd (Harley MS 6482 and related manuscripts), Thomas Rudd
Thomas Rudd, Lifespan or Floruit Start Year1583
Thomas Rudd, Historical Figures
Standing
Concerns Lifespan or Floruit Start Year
Currently States 1583
He is recorded as born in either 1583 or 1584 at Higham Ferrers, Northamptonshire, England; parish records of the period leave the exact year uncertain between the two, and the earlier is recorded here.
Source The Goetia of Dr Rudd (Harley MS 6482 and related manuscripts), Thomas Rudd