Home›Religions›Where Practised›The LevantRegionThe LevantAlso Known As Levant Short form. The atlas files this entry under a longer name and readers reach for the shorter one. · LevantineThe Near East and EgyptDocumented History and SocietyVerifiedThe eastern Mediterranean coast and its hinterland, covering modern Israel, Palestine, Lebanon, Jordan and western Syria. Judaism, Christianity, Samaritanism, the Druze Faith and Canaanite Religion are placed here, which makes it the densest region in the scheme. The Canaanite entry is the reason it matters: the Hebrew Bible's polemic against Baal is a quarrel between neighbours who shared a language and much of a pantheon, and the archaeological record has made the continuity harder to deny than it once was. Islam is filed to Arabia instead, though its formative expansion happened largely here.FactsLearn MoreThe LevantConnectionsIn the Other AtlasesSourcesComments (0)Reader Challenges (0)FactsGeographyLatitudeWell-attested34 degrees north 1Approximate reference point, rounded to one decimal place; a large or historical region has no formal center, so this coordinate is conventional, not a precise boundary claim.LongitudeWell-attested37 degrees east 1Approximate reference point, rounded to one decimal place; a large or historical region has no formal center, so this coordinate is conventional, not a precise boundary claim.Modern AreaWell-attestedIsrael, Palestine, Lebanon, Syria 1TraditionsPrincipal Religious TraditionsWell-attestedChristianity 2Principal Religious TraditionsWell-attestedIslam 2Principal Religious TraditionsWell-attestedJudaism 2Sacred and Liturgical LanguagesWell-attestedHebrew, Aramaic, Greek, and Arabic 3Learn MoreThe Most Contested Holy Ground on Earth The Levant, the eastern Mediterranean coast and its hinterland, is the single densest and most contested piece of sacred geography in the world, because it is the birthplace of the three great Abrahamic monotheisms and holds sites central to all of them. It was here, in ancient Canaan and Israel, that Judaism emerged, with Jerusalem as the site of the Temple and the focus of Jewish longing and prayer ever since; here that Christianity began, in the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus, making Jerusalem, Bethlehem, and Galilee the Holy Land of Christian pilgrimage; and here that Jerusalem became, as the site of the Prophet Muhammad's Night Journey and Ascension, the third holiest city of Islam after Mecca and Medina. The result is a landscape where the same ground, the Temple Mount / Haram al-Sharif, the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, the Western Wall, the tombs of the patriarchs at Hebron, carries overlapping and competing sacred claims of the deepest kind, a concentration of holiness that has made the region both a place of profound devotion and a focus of enduring conflict.The Older Gods, and the Living Minorities Beneath and around the Abrahamic faiths, the Levant preserves older and smaller religious worlds. Long before Israel, the region was the land of Canaanite religion, whose gods, the high god El, the storm god Baal, the goddesses Asherah and Anat, are known from the cuneiform tablets of Ugarit and form the polytheistic background against which, and in reaction to which, the monotheism of the Hebrew Bible defined itself; the biblical prophets' polemics against Baal are a direct record of that struggle. The Levant also remains home to living religious minorities of great antiquity and distinctiveness: the Samaritans, an ancient offshoot of Israelite religion who still keep the Passover sacrifice on Mount Gerizim and now number only a few hundred; and the Druze, whose secretive, esoteric faith emerged from Ismaili Islam in the eleventh century and whose communities endure in the mountains of Lebanon, Syria, and Israel. The region thus holds not only the shared holy places of half the world's believers but also the archaeological memory of the Canaanite gods and the enduring presence of some of the smallest and oldest surviving religious communities on earth.The LevantFilter Results3 entriesPlace of OriginAllGalilee (1)Hejaz (1)Judea (1)DenominationsAllAfrican Methodist Episcopal Church (1)African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church (1)Ahmadiyya (1)Aladura (1)Alawites (1)Alevism (1)American Baptist Churches USA (1)American Unitarian Association (1)Amish (1)Anabaptism (1)Anglican Communion (1)Anglicanism (1)Armenian Apostolic Church (1)Assemblies of God (1)Assyrian Church of the East (1)Baptist (1)Beta Israel (1)Breslov Hasidism (1)Bulgarian Orthodox Church (1)Calvinism (Reformed) (1)Chabad-Lubavitch (1)Christian and Missionary Alliance (1)Christian Methodist Episcopal Church (1)Christian Reformed Church in North America (1)Christian Science (1)Church of Cyprus (1)Church of England (1)Church of God (Anderson, Indiana) (1)Church of God in Christ (1)Church of Greece (1)Church of Ireland (1)Church of Scotland (1)Church of Sweden (1)Church of the Nazarene (1)Churches of Christ (1)Congregationalists (1)Conservative Judaism (1)Coptic Orthodoxy (1)Disciples of Christ (1)Dutch Reformed Church (1)Eastern Orthodoxy (1)Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople (1)Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church (1)Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church (1)Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (1)Evangelicalism (1)Free Methodist Church (1)Georgian Orthodox Church (1)Global Methodist Church (1)Grace Communion International (1)Greek Orthodox Church (1)Haredi Judaism (1)Hasidic Judaism (1)Historically Black Protestant Tradition (1)Humanistic Judaism (1)Ibadism (1)Ismailism (1)Jehovah's Witnesses (1)Karaite Judaism (1)Kharijites (1)Kimbanguist Church (1)Latter-day Saints (Mormonism) (1)Lutheran Church, Missouri Synod (1)Lutheranism (1)Mainline Protestantism (1)Maronite Church (1)Mennonites (1)Methodism (1)Modern Orthodox Judaism (1)Moravian Church (1)Nation of Islam (1)National Baptist Convention of America (1)National Baptist Convention USA Incorporated (1)Nondenominational Christianity (1)Old Believers (1)Oneida Community (1)Oneness Pentecostalism (1)Oriental Orthodoxy (1)Orthodox Judaism (1)Pentecostalism (1)Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) (1)Presbyterianism (1)Progressive National Baptist Convention (1)Protestantism (1)Quakerism (Religious Society of Friends) (1)Quranism (1)Reconstructionist Judaism (1)Reform Judaism (1)Roman Catholicism (1)Romanian Orthodox Church (1)Russian Orthodox Church (1)Saint Thomas Christians (1)Salafism (1)Serbian Orthodox Church (1)Seventh-day Adventism (1)Shakers (1)Shia (Twelver) (1)Skoptsy (1)Southern Baptist Convention (1)Sufism (1)Sunni (1)The Episcopal Church (1)The Salvation Army (1)The United Methodist Church (1)Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church (1)Ukrainian Orthodox Church (1)United Church of Christ (1)Universalist Church of America (1)Wahhabism (1)Wesleyan Church (1)Zaidiyyah (1)Zion Christian Church (1)ScripturesAll1 Esdras (1)2 Esdras (1)3 Maccabees (1)4 Maccabees (1)Acts of Pilate (1)Acts of Thomas (1)Additions to Daniel (1)Additions to Esther (1)Al-Istibsar (1)Al-Muwatta (1)Apocryphon of John (1)Book of Baruch (1)Book of Enoch (1 Enoch) (1)Book of Jubilees (1)Book of Judith (1)Book of Tobit (1)Books of the Maccabees (1)Buyruk (1)Community Rule (1)Da'a'im al-Islam (1)Didache (1)Epistle of Barnabas (1)Epistle to Diognetus (1)First Clement (1)Gemara (1)Genesis Apocryphon (1)Gospel of Judas (1)Gospel of Mary (1)Gospel of Peter (1)Gospel of Philip (1)Gospel of Thomas (1)Gospel of Truth (1)Gothic Bible (1)Hadith (1)Hodayot (Thanksgiving Hymns) (1)Infancy Gospel of James (1)Jami at-Tirmidhi (1)Jami' al-Rabi' (1)Kebra Nagast (1)King James Version (1)Kitab al-Kafi (1)Letter of Jeremiah (1)Letter of Polycarp to the Philippians (1)Letters of Ignatius of Antioch (1)Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih (1)Martyrdom of Polycarp (1)Masoretic Text (1)Midrash (1)Mishnah (1)Musnad al-Imam Zayd (1)Nag Hammadi Library (1)New Testament (1)Odes of Solomon (1)Oral Torah (1)Pesher Habakkuk (Habakkuk Commentary) (1)Peshitta (1)Pirkei Avot (1)Pistis Sophia (1)Prayer of Manasseh (1)Psalm 151 (1)Sahih al-Bukhari (1)Sahih Muslim (1)Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures (1)Septuagint (1)Shepherd of Hermas (1)Sunan Abu Dawud (1)Sunan an-Nasa'i (1)Sunan Ibn Majah (1)Tahdhib al-Ahkam (1)Talmud (1)Tanakh (1)Targums (1)Temple Scroll (1)Testament of the Twelve Patriarchs (2)The Apocrypha (1)The Bible (1)The Quran (1)Torah (1)Tosefta (1)Vulgate (1)War Scroll (1)Wisdom of Sirach (1)Wisdom of Solomon (1)Origin EraAll-586 (1)30 (1)610 (1)Conception of the DivineAllMonotheistic: one God (3)Status TodayAllLiving tradition, practised today (3)Establishment StatusAllDeclared Not Established (1)Varies by Province (2)Closed Practice StatusAllLiving, and practised in varied local forms (1)Partly restricted: some elements are closed to outsiders (2)Giving Obligation EnforceabilityAllCodified Obligation With Consequences (1)Customary Norm (1)Usury PositionAllInterest is permitted but bound by ethical constraints against exploiting the poor (1)Interest of any kind on a loan is forbidden (1)Marriage PositionAllMarriage may licitly be polygynous (1)Sexuality PositionAllSame-sex orientation or practice is held to bar full membership or participation (1)The body holds no single settled position; the question is actively and openly contested within it (2)Kind of TraditionAllAbrahamic (Monotheistic) (3)Show ResultsBrowseCompareSelect all 3ChristianityThe LevantIslamThe LevantJudaismThe LevantConnectionsAssociated WithAchaemenid Empire (Wikipedia), Sources Well-attested This source names The Levant directly: "from Armenia through Asia Minor and the Levant during the forty-five-year reign of Artaxerxes II, 405 to 358 BCE."Source Achaemenid Empire (Wikipedia)Wikipedia contributorstier 3Muslim Conquest of the Levant, Wars & Conflicts Well-attested This source names The Levant directly: "and the other principal cities of the Levant within two years."Source The Great Arab Conquests: How the Spread of Islam Changed the World We Live InHugh Kennedytier 1Palmyrene, Scripts & Magical Alphabets Well-attested Palmyra stood in the Syrian desert, at the edge of the Levant.West Semitic, Languages Well-attested The alphabet was invented within this branch, in the Levant and Sinai.Zoroastrianism Becomes The Achaemenid State's De Facto Religion, Spread Events Well-attested This source names The Levant directly: "Armenia through Asia Minor and into the Levant."Source Achaemenid Empire (Wikipedia)Wikipedia contributorstier 3Attested HereAramaic, Languages Well-attested Source The World's Writing SystemsPeter T. Daniels and William Bright (eds.)tier 1Balaam, Figures Well-attested Benjamin, Figures Well-attested Biblical Hebrew, Languages Well-attested Biblical Hebrew is documented in use as a written language in The Levant. The claim is where the language is documented in use as a written, literary or liturgical language. It is not a claim about the full extent of its speakers, and it is not a claim about where the language originated.Source The World's Writing SystemsPeter T. Daniels and William Bright (eds.)tier 1Enoch, Figures Well-attested Ephraim, Figures Well-attested Gad, Figures Well-attested Goat, Animals & Totems Well-attested The scapegoat of Leviticus 16, driven out carrying what the community puts on it.Source Encyclopedia of ReligionMircea Eliade (ed.); Lindsay Jones (ed., 2nd ed.)tier 1Gomorrah, Cities Well-attested Hagar, Figures Well-attested Hebrew, Languages Well-attested Hebrew is documented in use as a written language in The Levant. The claim is where the language is documented in use as a written, literary or liturgical language. It is not a claim about the full extent of its speakers, and it is not a claim about where the language originated.Source The World's Writing SystemsPeter T. Daniels and William Bright (eds.)tier 1Issachar, Figures Well-attested Koine Greek, Languages Well-attested Source The World's Writing SystemsPeter T. Daniels and William Bright (eds.)tier 1Lion, Animals & Totems Well-attested The lion of Judah, and the lions of Daniel.Source Encyclopedia of ReligionMircea Eliade (ed.); Lindsay Jones (ed., 2nd ed.)tier 1Naphtali, Figures Well-attested Old French, Languages Well-attested Spoken in the Crusader states of the Levant.Source Old French (Wikipedia)Rachel, Figures Well-attested Reuben, Figures Well-attested Samuel, Figures Well-attested Saul, Figures Well-attested Simeon, Figures Well-attested Sodom, Cities Well-attested The narrative places the cities of the plain in the Levant, and no closer location is established.The Clean and Unclean Animals of Levitical Law, Animals & Totems Well-attested The priestly source's tahor/tamei classification, set out in Leviticus 11 with a parallel list in Deuteronomy 14, matching the already-live Goat and Lion rows attested to The Levant on the same biblical association.Source Leviticus 1-16: A New Translation with Introduction and CommentaryJacob Milgromtier 1Unicorn, Animals & Totems Well-attested An artefact of translation: the re'em of the Hebrew Bible rendered monoceros in the Septuagint.Source Encyclopedia of ReligionMircea Eliade (ed.); Lindsay Jones (ed., 2nd ed.)tier 1Whale, Animals & Totems Well-attested The great fish of Jonah, which the text does not call a whale.Source Encyclopedia of ReligionMircea Eliade (ed.); Lindsay Jones (ed., 2nd ed.)tier 1Zebulun, Figures Well-attested Zechariah, Figures Well-attested Zoar (Bela), Cities Well-attested Source The Hebrew Bible (Tanakh)Anonymous (multiple authors)tier 1ContainsAncient Israel, Regions Well-attested Source Ancient Israel and Judah (Wikipedia)Caesarea, Cities Well-attested Caesarea stands on the Levantine coast.Canaan, Regions Well-attested Canaan is the ancient name for the southern Levant.Galilee, Regions Well-attested Galilee is the northern part of the Levant.Judea, Regions Well-attested Judea is the southern highland of the Levant.Moab, Regions Well-attested Moab lies on the eastern edge of the Levant, across the Dead Sea.Mount Hor, Sacred Sites Well-attested The traditional identification places it above Petra, in southern Jordan.Samaria, Regions Well-attested Samaria is the central hill country of the Levant.West Bank, Regions Well-attested The West Bank lies within the Levant.Originated HereThe Dome of the Rock and al-Aqsa Mosque, Sacred Sites Well-attested Source The Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd editionP. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C. E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W. P. Heinrichs (eds.)tier 1The First Temple (Solomon's Temple), Sacred Sites Well-attested Source Encyclopaedia Britannica (online academic reference)Encyclopaedia Britannica editorstier 2The Harrowing of Hell, Myths & Sacred Narratives Well-attested The Scapegoat Rite of Yom Kippur, Rituals Well-attested Source The Hebrew Bible (Tanakh)Anonymous (multiple authors)tier 1The Temple Mount and al-Haram al-Sharif, Sacred Sites Well-attested Source Treaty of Peace between the State of Israel and the Hashemite Kingdom of JordanState of Israel and Hashemite Kingdom of Jordantier 1The Umayyad Mosque, Sacred Sites Well-attested Source UNESCO World Heritage ListUnited Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organizationtier 2The Western Wall, Sacred Sites Well-attested Source Encyclopaedia Judaica, 2nd editionMichael Berenbaum and Fred Skolnik (eds.)tier 1Showing 51 to 57 of 57 in Originated Here, page 2 of 2.← Previous12Plants Native HereCedar, Plants Well-attested Cedrus libani, the cedar of Lebanon, is native to the mountains of the Levant. It is one of several unrelated aromatic woods the word cedar has covered.Source Plants of the World OnlineRoyal Botanic Gardens, Kewtier 1Plants Used in Ritual HereFrankincense, Plants Well-attested Source A Modern HerbalMaud Grievetier 2Hyssop, Plants Well-attested Source A Modern HerbalMaud Grievetier 2Myrrh, Plants Well-attested Source A Modern HerbalMaud Grievetier 2Olive, Plants Well-attested Source A Modern HerbalMaud Grievetier 2Saffron, Plants Well-attested Source A Modern HerbalMaud Grievetier 2Valerian, Plants Well-attested Source A Modern HerbalMaud Grievetier 2Regions Where This Is PrincipalChristianity, Religions Well-attested Source Encyclopedia of ReligionMircea Eliade (ed.); Lindsay Jones (ed., 2nd ed.)tier 1Islam, Religions Well-attested Source Encyclopedia of ReligionMircea Eliade (ed.); Lindsay Jones (ed., 2nd ed.)tier 1Judaism, Religions Well-attested Source Encyclopedia of ReligionMircea Eliade (ed.); Lindsay Jones (ed., 2nd ed.)tier 1Related ToHoly Land, Regions Well-attested The Holy Land is a devotional name for part of the Levant.Near East, Regions Well-attested The Levant is the Mediterranean coastal strip of the Near East and is catalogued separately.Societies Attested HereHellenistic Period, Historical Periods Well-attested The Seleucid successor kingdom ruled much of the Levant through the Hellenistic Period, until Roman and Hasmonean power displaced it.Source From Alexander to Actium: The Historical Evolution of the Hellenistic AgePeter Greentier 1Spread Events HereMuslim Conquest of the Levant, Wars & Conflicts Well-attested Ninth Crusade, Wars & Conflicts Well-attested Second Crusade, Wars & Conflicts Well-attested Sixth Crusade, Wars & Conflicts Well-attested The Nizari-Seljuk Conflicts (1090 to 1194), Wars & Conflicts Well-attested Third Crusade, Wars & Conflicts Well-attested In the Other AtlasesUsed InArabicAlso in Language Atlas: which uses this subject.GreekAlso in Language Atlas: which uses this subject.HebrewAlso in Language Atlas: which uses this subject.Sources1. Encyclopaedia Britannica (online academic reference)tier 2Encyclopaedia Britannica editors, Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc., 2024s.v. regional geographyOriginated Here: Mount of Olives, Stored region property on this entity, cited to this source: The LevantOriginated Here: The First Temple (Solomon's Temple), Stored region property on this entity, cited to this source: The LevantOriginated Here: Mount Nebo, Stored region property on this entity, cited to this source: The LevantOriginated Here: Mar Saba, Stored region property on this entity, cited to this source: The LevantOriginated Here: Central Synagogue of Aleppo, Stored region property on this entity, cited to this source: the LevantView the Source2. Encyclopedia of Religiontier 1Mircea Eliade (ed.); Lindsay Jones (ed., 2nd ed.), Macmillan Reference, 2005The geography of religionsQuote, The geography of religionsGeneral reference for the extent of each region and for the traditions placed within it.View the Source3. The Oxford Dictionary of World Religionstier 1John Bowker (ed.), Oxford University Press, 1997s.v. regional traditionsOriginated Here: Mamre, Stored region property on this entity, cited to this source: The LevantView the SourceThe Oxford English Dictionary, 3rd editiontier 1Oxford University Press, Oxford University Pressdemonym / adjectival formView the SourceUgaritic Narrative Poetrytier 1Simon B. Parker (ed.); Mark S. Smith and others (trans.), Society of Biblical Literature, 1997Canaanite religion at UgaritView the SourceLeviticus 1-16: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentarytier 1Jacob Milgrom, Doubleday, 1991Attested Here: The Clean and Unclean Animals of Levitical LawView the SourceOld French (Wikipedia)Wikimedia FoundationAttested Here: Old French, Old French, spreadQuote, Attested Here: Old French, Old French, spreadThe Norman dialect was also spread to England and Ireland, and during the Crusades, Old French was also spoken in the Kingdom of Sicily, and in the Principality of Antioch and the Kingdom of Jerusalem in the Levant.View the SourceTreaty of Peace between the State of Israel and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordantier 1State of Israel and Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, Avalon Project, Yale Law School, 1994Originated Here: The Temple Mount and al-Haram al-Sharif, Stored region property on this entity, cited to this source: The LevantView the SourceUNESCO World Heritage Listtier 2United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, UNESCO World Heritage CentreOriginated Here: The Umayyad Mosque, Stored region property on this entity, cited to this source: The LevantOriginated Here: The Cave of the Patriarchs and the Ibrahimi Mosque, Stored region property on this entity, cited to this source: The LevantOriginated Here: The Church of the Nativity, Stored region property on this entity, cited to this source: The LevantOriginated Here: Baalbek, Stored region property on this entity, cited to this source: The LevantView the SourceThe Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd editiontier 1P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C. E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W. P. Heinrichs (eds.), Brill, 2005Originated Here: The Dome of the Rock and al-Aqsa Mosque, Stored region property on this entity, cited to this source: The LevantView the SourceEncyclopaedia Judaica, 2nd editiontier 1Michael Berenbaum and Fred Skolnik (eds.), Macmillan Reference USA, 2007Originated Here: The Western Wall, Stored region property on this entity, cited to this source: The LevantOriginated Here: Rachel's Tomb, Stored region property on this entity, cited to this source: The LevantOriginated Here: Safed, Stored region property on this entity, cited to this source: The LevantOriginated Here: Meron, Stored region property on this entity, cited to this source: The LevantView the SourceThe Tomb of Christtier 1Martin Biddle, Sutton Publishing, 1999Originated Here: The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Stored region property on this entity, cited to this source: The LevantThe Holy Land: An Oxford Archaeological Guidetier 1Jerome Murphy-O'Connor, Oxford University Press, 2008Originated Here: Gethsemane, Stored region property on this entity, cited to this source: The LevantOriginated Here: Mount Zion, Stored region property on this entity, cited to this source: The LevantOriginated Here: Mount Tabor, Stored region property on this entity, cited to this source: The LevantOriginated Here: Mount Carmel, Stored region property on this entity, cited to this source: The LevantOriginated Here: Sea of Galilee, Stored region property on this entity, cited to this source: The LevantOriginated Here: Capernaum, Stored region property on this entity, cited to this source: The LevantOriginated Here: Mount Hor, Stored region property on this entity, cited to this source: The LevantView the SourceThe Oxford Classical Dictionary, 4th editiontier 1Simon Hornblower, Antony Spawforth and Esther Eidinow (eds.), Oxford University Press, 2012Originated Here: Palmyra, Stored region property on this entity, cited to this source: The LevantOriginated Here: Petra, Stored region property on this entity, cited to this source: The LevantView the SourceMount Gerizim Excavationstier 1Yitzhak Magen, Israel Antiquities Authority, 2008Originated Here: Mount Gerizim, Stored region property on this entity, cited to this source: The LevantThe Archaeology of Qumran and the Dead Sea Scrollstier 1Jodi Magness, William B. Eerdmans, 2002Originated Here: Qumran, Stored region property on this entity, cited to this source: The LevantView the SourceThe Masada Myth: Collective Memory and Mythmaking in Israeltier 1Nachman Ben-Yehuda, University of Wisconsin Press, 1995Originated Here: Masada, Stored region property on this entity, cited to this source: The LevantThe Jewish Wartier 2Flavius Josephus, No single modern publisher; the work survives through numerous manuscript traditions and modern critical editions, most commonly consulted today in the Loeb Classical Library edition (Harvard Universi, 78Originated Here: Herodium, Stored region property on this entity, cited to this source: The LevantAncient Israel and Judah (Wikipedia)Contains: Ancient Israel, IntroductionQuote, Contains: Ancient Israel, Introductiontwo Israelite kingdoms that existed in the Southern Levant during the Iron AgeView the SourceLuke the Evangelist (Wikipedia)Originated Here: Luke the Evangelist, LifeQuote, Originated Here: Luke the Evangelist, LifeMany scholars believe that Luke was a physician who lived in the Hellenistic city of Antioch in Ancient Syria, born of a Greek familyView the SourceEpistles of Wisdom (Wikipedia)Originated Here: Epistles of Wisdom, LeadQuote, Originated Here: Epistles of Wisdom, Leadteachers of the Druze faith native to the LevantView the SourceComments (0)No comments yet. 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