Divinity Atlas

Sacred Correspondences
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China

Also Known As Chinese
East Asia and Central Asia

The East Asian heartland along the Yellow and Yangtze rivers, taken here at roughly the extent of the modern Chinese state. Taoism, Confucianism and Chinese Folk Religion are placed here. The boundary problem is one of export rather than origin: Confucianism shaped Korean, Japanese and Vietnamese society so deeply that treating it as Chinese describes where it began and not where it lived, and Chinese Buddhism, which the region equally produced, is filed to the subcontinent because that is where its founder taught. Origin and extent pull in different directions throughout this scheme.

Facts
Geography
Latitude
35.9 degrees north 1
Approximate reference point, rounded to one decimal place; a large or historical region has no formal center, so this coordinate is conventional, not a precise boundary claim.
Longitude
104.2 degrees east 1
Approximate reference point, rounded to one decimal place; a large or historical region has no formal center, so this coordinate is conventional, not a precise boundary claim.
Modern Area
China 1
Traditions
Principal Religious Traditions
Chinese Buddhism 2
Principal Religious Traditions
Confucianism 2
Principal Religious Traditions
Daoism 2
Sacred and Liturgical Languages
Classical (Literary) Chinese 3
Learn More
The Land of the Three Teachings

China, the vast civilization of the Yellow and Yangtze river basins, developed a religious culture unlike the exclusive monotheisms of the West, organized around the idea that a person could draw on three teachings (san jiao) at once: Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism. Rather than demanding sole allegiance, these functioned as complementary resources, Confucianism ordering social ethics, family, and the state; Taoism addressing nature, longevity, ritual, and the individual's harmony with the Dao; Buddhism, arriving from India in the first centuries CE and thoroughly sinicized, answering questions of suffering, death, and salvation.

Beneath and around all three ran the enormously durable substratum of Chinese folk religion, the veneration of ancestors, the worship of local and household gods, the placation of ghosts, and the vast apparatus of temples, festivals, and geomancy that governed everyday life. Over this whole field presided, for most of imperial history, the state cult of Heaven (Tian) and the emperor as the "Son of Heaven," ruling by the Mandate of Heaven that could be lost through misgovernment. The distinctive feature of Chinese religion is this pluralism and its embeddedness in family and state: one worshipped at the Buddhist temple, honoured Confucian propriety, consulted a Taoist priest, and tended the ancestors, without any sense of contradiction, a religious ecology exported, with local transformations, across Korea, Japan, and Vietnam.

The Advantage of a State That Kept Records

China offers the longest continuous written record of any religious culture on earth, and that fact shapes everything the atlas can say about it.

It begins with divination. The Shang oracle bones, recognised for what they were only in 1899 and excavated at Anyang thereafter, are the working records of a royal divination bureau: the question put, the cracks read, and often the outcome. They are religious documents that survived because they were administrative ones. From there the record runs more or less unbroken through dynastic histories, ritual manuals, the Daoist canon and a Buddhist canon that was being printed while Europe was still copying by hand.

The distortion runs the same way as the advantage. This is the record of a literate class attached to a state, and it reports what that class cared about. Popular religion appears in it most clearly when the state was suppressing it, so a great deal of what is known about village cults, spirit mediums and millenarian societies comes from documents written to justify their prohibition.

Two further complications sit on top. Buddhism arrived as a foreign import and was argued about in exactly those terms for centuries, so texts about it are frequently polemics. And the twentieth century brought deliberate campaigns against religious practice, so the modern ethnographic record has a hole in it, and reconstruction after 1980 is itself now a subject of study.

China
Filter Results38 entries
Connections

Associated With

The Min runs through Sichuan.

The campaign ran across China.

The river's shifts of course have redrawn the map of the north China plain repeatedly within recorded history.

Source The Yellow River: The Problem of Water in Modern ChinaDavid A. Pietz

Attested Here

The Zhuangzi butterfly dream is the source of the image in East Asia, and the butterfly reads as transformation and as conjugal love.

Source A Chinese Bestiary: Strange Creatures from the Guideways through Mountains and SeasRichard E. Strassberg
Cantonese, Languages
Source Omniglot: Cantonese language page

Classical Chinese is documented in use as a written language in China. The claim is where the language is documented in use as a written, literary or liturgical language. It is not a claim about the full extent of its speakers, and it is not a claim about where the language originated.

Source The World's Writing SystemsPeter T. Daniels and William Bright (eds.)

The long is a bringer of rain and an emblem of the emperor, and is not the adversary of the European figure.

Source A Chinese Bestiary: Strange Creatures from the Guideways through Mountains and SeasRichard E. Strassberg

The manuscripts and the commentarial tradition are Chinese throughout.

Fox, Animals & Totems

The huli jing, the fox spirit that takes human form, older than its Japanese descendant.

Source A Chinese Bestiary: Strange Creatures from the Guideways through Mountains and SeasRichard E. Strassberg
Source Chinese Mythology: An IntroductionAnne Birrell

Standard Chinese, based on Mandarin, is the official language of China.

Source Mandarin Chinese (Wikipedia)

Sun Wukong, the monkey who storms heaven and is put under a mountain for it.

Source A Chinese Bestiary: Strange Creatures from the Guideways through Mountains and SeasRichard E. Strassberg
Ox, Animals & Totems

The ox of the spring ceremony, and the ox-herding pictures of Chan Buddhism.

Source A Chinese Bestiary: Strange Creatures from the Guideways through Mountains and SeasRichard E. Strassberg
Pig, Animals & Totems

The twelfth of the zodiac animals, and pork as the ordinary sacrifice of the household.

Source A Chinese Bestiary: Strange Creatures from the Guideways through Mountains and SeasRichard E. Strassberg

The qilin is a Chinese omen animal whose appearance announces the arrival or the passing of a sage or a just ruler. It is described as a composite, hooved and scaled, with the horns of a deer and a body wreathed in flame.

Source A Chinese Bestiary: Strange Creatures from the Guideways through Mountains and SeasRichard E. Strassberg

The hare in the moon, pounding the elixir of immortality.

Source A Chinese Bestiary: Strange Creatures from the Guideways through Mountains and SeasRichard E. Strassberg
Rat, Animals & Totems

First of the twelve, which it reached by riding the ox and jumping off at the finish.

Source A Chinese Bestiary: Strange Creatures from the Guideways through Mountains and SeasRichard E. Strassberg
Red, Colors

In Chinese custom red is the colour of celebration and good fortune, used for wedding dress, New Year couplets and the money envelope. This is a separate strand from the five-phase attribution of red to Fire and the south, and the two are often run together in Western summaries.

Source A Dictionary of Chinese Symbols: Hidden Symbols in Chinese Life and ThoughtWolfram Eberhard

Tenth of the twelve, and a bird whose five virtues are listed as a moral lesson.

Source A Chinese Bestiary: Strange Creatures from the Guideways through Mountains and SeasRichard E. Strassberg

The name is written with characters borrowed from a Chinese celestial dog, so the writing travelled to Japan ahead of the being. The Japanese mountain tengu is not the Chinese creature.

Source The Book of Yokai: Mysterious Creatures of Japanese FolkloreMichael Dylan Foster

The Dragon Gate legend of the carp that swims upstream and, on leaping the falls, transforms into a dragon.

Source A Dictionary of Chinese Symbols: Hidden Symbols in Chinese Life and ThoughtWolfram Eberhard

Chinese folk religion holds the three-legged moon toad, Chan Chu, later the benevolent "money toad" of folk practice.

Source A Dictionary of Chinese Symbols: Hidden Symbols in Chinese Life and ThoughtWolfram Eberhard

The white tiger of the west, and the tiger as the yang animal set against the dragon.

Source A Chinese Bestiary: Strange Creatures from the Guideways through Mountains and SeasRichard E. Strassberg

The black tortoise of the north, and the shell that carried the first divination cracks.

Source A Chinese Bestiary: Strange Creatures from the Guideways through Mountains and SeasRichard E. Strassberg
White, Colors

White is the colour of mourning dress in China and across much of East Asia, where European convention uses black. Neither is a corruption of the other: white follows from the Metal phase, the west and autumn, and the European black from an entirely separate history.

Source A Dictionary of Chinese Symbols: Hidden Symbols in Chinese Life and ThoughtWolfram Eberhard

Contains

The plain is the northern heartland of China.

Modern Area

China, Countries
Source Encyclopaedia Britannica (online academic reference)Encyclopaedia Britannica editors

Originated Here

Source UNESCO World Heritage ListUnited Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
Source Wikipedia: Luopan

The article states that Mandarin originated in North China.

Source Mandarin Chinese (Wikipedia)
Source Lao Tzu's Tao Te Ching: A Translation of the Startling New Documents Found at GuodianRobert G. Henricks
Mencius, Figures
Source Mencius (Wikipedia)
Source Mencius (Wikipedia)
Source UNESCO World Heritage ListUnited Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
Source Donner and Stevenson, The Great Calming and Contemplation (University of Hawaii Press, 1993)Neal Donner and Daniel B. Stevenson
Source Wooden fish (Wikipedia)
Mooncake, Sacred Foods
Source Festivals in Classical China: New Year and Other Annual Observances during the Han DynastyDerk Bodde
Source UNESCO World Heritage ListUnited Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
Source Pilgrims and Sacred Sites in ChinaSusan Naquin and Chun-fang Yu (eds)
Source Power of Place: The Religious Landscape of the Southern Sacred Peak (Nanyue) in Medieval ChinaJames Robson
Source The Encyclopedia of TaoismFabrizio Pregadio (ed.)
Source Pilgrims and Sacred Sites in ChinaSusan Naquin and Chun-fang Yu (eds)
Source Kailas Histories: Renunciate Traditions and the Construction of Himalayan Sacred GeographyAlex McKay
Source Encyclopaedia Britannica (online academic reference)Encyclopaedia Britannica editors
Source Pilgrims and Sacred Sites in ChinaSusan Naquin and Chun-fang Yu (eds)
Source Pilgrims and Sacred Sites in ChinaSusan Naquin and Chun-fang Yu (eds)
Source Pilgrims and Sacred Sites in ChinaSusan Naquin and Chun-fang Yu (eds)
Source Pilgrims and Sacred Sites in ChinaSusan Naquin and Chun-fang Yu (eds)
Source Seeing Through Zen: Encounter, Transformation, and Genealogy in Chinese Chan BuddhismJohn R. McRae
Source Encyclopaedia Britannica (online academic reference)Encyclopaedia Britannica editors
Source Encyclopaedia Britannica (online academic reference)Encyclopaedia Britannica editors
Source Chinese Mythology: An IntroductionAnne Birrell
Source Chinese Mythology: An IntroductionAnne Birrell
Peach Blossom, Plants
Source Plants For A Future: Prunus persica (plant database entry)
Source Platform Sutra (Wikipedia)
Source UNESCO World Heritage ListUnited Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
Source The Princeton Dictionary of BuddhismRobert E. Buswell Jr. and Donald S. Lopez Jr.
Source UNESCO World Heritage ListUnited Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
Source The Texts of Taoism, Part I (Sacred Books of the East, vol. 39)James Legge
Source Encyclopaedia Britannica (online academic reference)Encyclopaedia Britannica editors

The Shang kings ruled the Yellow River valley in northern China, with their best known and last capital at Anyang in modern Henan province.

Source Sources of Shang History: The Oracle-Bone Inscriptions of Bronze Age ChinaDavid N. Keightley
Shaolin, Sacred Sites
Source The Shaolin Monastery: History, Religion, and the Chinese Martial ArtsMeir Shahar
Source Encyclopaedia Britannica (online academic reference)Encyclopaedia Britannica editors
Source Encyclopedia of ReligionMircea Eliade (ed.); Lindsay Jones (ed., 2nd ed.)
Sun Wukong, Figures
Source Sun Wukong (Wikipedia)
Source A Mission to Heaven: A Great Chinese Epic and AllegoryWu Cheng'en (attributed); abridged and translated by Timothy Richard
Source Zhouli (The Rites of Zhou)Anonymous
Source Wikipedia: Tao Te Ching
Source Wikipedia: Tao Te Ching
Taoism, Religions
Source Wikipedia, Taoism (source)Wikipedia contributors
Source Encyclopaedia Britannica (online academic reference)Encyclopaedia Britannica editors
Source UNESCO World Heritage ListUnited Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
Source Encyclopedia of ReligionMircea Eliade (ed.); Lindsay Jones (ed., 2nd ed.)
Source The Analects (Wikipedia)

Showing 51 to 100 of 129 in Originated Here, page 2 of 3.

Plants Native Here

Chrysanthemum, Plants

The wild chrysanthemums are native to eastern Asia and north-eastern Europe, with China as the centre of the genus and of its breeding.

Source Plants of the World OnlineRoyal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Source Fathoming the Cosmos and Ordering the World: The Yijing (I Ching, or Classic of Changes) and Its Evolution in ChinaRichard J. Smith
Crape Myrtle, Plants

The eastern part of the range of Lagerstroemia takes in China, where the tree was planted by palaces, temples and halls of learning.

Source Plants of the World OnlineRoyal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Source Shiji (Records of the Grand Historian)Sima Qian
Source Daoism HandbookLivia Kohn (ed.)
Gongde, Rituals
Source Taoist Ritual in Chinese Society and HistoryJohn Lagerwey
Jiao, Rituals
Source Taoist Ritual in Chinese Society and HistoryJohn Lagerwey
Peach Blossom, Plants

Prunus persica is native to north-western China, notwithstanding the Latin name that made it Persian.

Source Plants of the World OnlineRoyal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Source Zhouli (The Rites of Zhou)Anonymous
Source Confucianism and Family Rituals in Imperial China: A Social History of Writing about RitesPatricia Buckley Ebrey

Plants Used in Ritual Here

Datura, Plants
Source A Modern HerbalMaud Grieve
Ephedra, Plants
Source The Encyclopedia of Psychoactive Plants: Ethnopharmacology and Its ApplicationsChristian Ratsch

Regions Where This Is Principal

Buddhism, Religions
Source Encyclopedia of ReligionMircea Eliade (ed.); Lindsay Jones (ed., 2nd ed.)
Source Encyclopedia of ReligionMircea Eliade (ed.); Lindsay Jones (ed., 2nd ed.)
Taoism, Religions

Related To

East Asia, Regions

China is the source of the written language and the state ritual tradition that define the East Asian sphere.

Sky Figures Read Here

The Bushel of the northern Chinese sky.

Source Science and Civilisation in China, Volume 3: Mathematics and the Sciences of the Heavens and the EarthJoseph Needham
Cantonese, Languages
Source Omniglot: Cantonese language page

The third enclosure of the traditional Chinese sky.

Source Science and Civilisation in China, Volume 3: Mathematics and the Sciences of the Heavens and the EarthJoseph Needham

The circumpolar enclosure of the traditional Chinese sky.

Source Science and Civilisation in China, Volume 3: Mathematics and the Sciences of the Heavens and the EarthJoseph Needham

The second enclosure of the traditional Chinese sky.

Source Science and Civilisation in China, Volume 3: Mathematics and the Sciences of the Heavens and the EarthJoseph Needham

Societies Attested Here

Sources
1. Encyclopaedia Britannica (online academic reference)
Encyclopaedia Britannica editors, Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc., 2024
  • s.v. regional geography
  • Modern Area: China, Stored modern-area property on this entity, cited to this source: China
  • Originated Here: Mount Longhu, Stored country property on this entity, cited to this source: China
  • Originated Here: White Cloud Temple, Stored country property on this entity, cited to this source: China
  • Originated Here: Tsurphu Monastery, Stored country property on this entity, cited to this source: China
  • Originated Here: Niujie Mosque, Stored country property on this entity, cited to this source: China
  • Originated Here: Yonghegong, Stored country property on this entity, cited to this source: China
  • Originated Here: Tashilhunpo Monastery, Stored country property on this entity, cited to this source: China
  • Originated Here: Great Wild Goose Pagoda, Stored country property on this entity, cited to this source: China
  • Originated Here: Songyue Pagoda, Stored country property on this entity, cited to this source: China
  • Originated Here: Samye Monastery, Stored country property on this entity, cited to this source: China (Tibet Autonomous Region)
  • Originated Here: Naxi Dongba Religion, Stored origin-place property on this entity, cited to this source: The Lijiang region of Yunnan Province, China, homeland of the Naxi people.
View the Source
2. Encyclopedia of Religion
Mircea Eliade (ed.); Lindsay Jones (ed., 2nd ed.), Macmillan Reference, 2005
  • The geography of religions
    General reference for the extent of each region and for the traditions placed within it.
  • Originated Here: Temple of Heaven, Stored country property on this entity, cited to this source: China
View the Source
3. The Oxford Dictionary of World Religions
John Bowker (ed.), Oxford University Press, 1997Chinese religionView the Source
The Oxford English Dictionary, 3rd edition
Oxford University Press, Oxford University Pressdemonym / adjectival formView the Source
A Dictionary of Chinese Symbols: Hidden Symbols in Chinese Life and Thought
Wolfram Eberhard, Routledge, 1986
  • Attested Here: The Toad
  • Attested Here: The Carp
View the Source
Wikipedia, Taoism (source)
Wikipedia contributors, WikipediaOriginated Here: Taoism, Lead section
Quote, Originated Here: Taoism, Lead section
tradition indigenous to China, emphasizing harmony wit
View the Source
Confucianism (Wikipedia)
Wikipedia contributors, Wikipedia, 2026Originated Here: Confucianism, Lead section
Quote, Originated Here: Confucianism, Lead section
originating in ancient China, and is variously descri
View the Source
Falun Gong (Wikipedia)
Wikipedia contributors, WikipediaOriginated Here: Falun Gong, Lead section
Quote, Originated Here: Falun Gong, Lead section
founded by Li Hongzhi in China in the early 1990s.
View the Source
Temple of Confucius (Wikipedia)
Originated Here: Confucian Temple, Lead section
Quote, Originated Here: Confucian Temple, Lead section
of Confucianism in Chinese folk religion and other
View the Source
Mandarin Chinese (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia Foundation
  • Attested Here: Mandarin Chinese, Mandarin Chinese, lead paragraph
    Today, Standard Chinese is the official language of China and Taiwan
  • Originated Here: Mandarin Chinese, Mandarin Chinese, spread
    Because Mandarin originated in North China and most Mandarin varieties are found north of the Yangtze River, the group is sometimes referred to as Northern Chinese.
View the Source
Fathoming the Cosmos and Ordering the World: The Yijing (I Ching, or Classic of Changes) and Its Evolution in China
Richard J. Smith, University of Virginia Press, 2008
  • Plants Native Here: Consulting the I Ching, Stored origin-place property on this entity, cited to this source: China, in the Zhou dynasty
  • Originated Here: Consulting the I Ching, Stored origin-place property on this entity, cited to this source: China, in the Zhou dynasty
View the Source
Taoist Ritual in Chinese Society and History
John Lagerwey, Macmillan, 1987
  • Plants Native Here: Jiao, Stored origin-place property on this entity, cited to this source: China
  • Plants Native Here: Gongde, Stored origin-place property on this entity, cited to this source: China
  • Originated Here: Jiao, Stored origin-place property on this entity, cited to this source: China
  • Originated Here: Gongde, Stored origin-place property on this entity, cited to this source: China
View the Source
Daoism Handbook
Livia Kohn (ed.), Brill, 2000
  • Plants Native Here: Ghost Festival rites, Stored origin-place property on this entity, cited to this source: China
  • Originated Here: Ghost Festival rites, Stored origin-place property on this entity, cited to this source: China
Confucianism and Family Rituals in Imperial China: A Social History of Writing about Rites
Patricia Buckley Ebrey, Princeton University Press, 1991
  • Plants Native Here: Wufu Mourning Grades, Stored origin-place property on this entity, cited to this source: China
  • Originated Here: Wufu Mourning Grades, Stored origin-place property on this entity, cited to this source: China
View the Source
Shiji (Records of the Grand Historian)
Sima Qian
  • Plants Native Here: Feng and Shan Sacrifices, Stored origin-place property on this entity, cited to this source: Mount Tai, China
  • Originated Here: Feng and Shan Sacrifices, Stored origin-place property on this entity, cited to this source: Mount Tai, China
View the Source
Zhouli (The Rites of Zhou)
Anonymous
  • Plants Native Here: Taimiao Ancestral Sacrifice, Stored origin-place property on this entity, cited to this source: Beijing, China
  • Originated Here: Taimiao Ancestral Sacrifice, Stored origin-place property on this entity, cited to this source: Beijing, China
The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism
Robert E. Buswell Jr. and Donald S. Lopez Jr., Princeton University Press, 2014
  • Originated Here: Zen, Stored origin-place property on this entity, cited to this source: China, and then Japan
  • Originated Here: Pure Land, Stored origin-place property on this entity, cited to this source: China, and then Japan
  • Originated Here: Jokhang, Stored country property on this entity, cited to this source: China
  • Originated Here: Leshan Giant Buddha, Stored country property on this entity, cited to this source: China
View the Source
Kailas Histories: Renunciate Traditions and the Construction of Himalayan Sacred Geography
Alex McKay, Brill, 2015Originated Here: Mount Kailash, Stored region property on this entity, cited to this source: China
UNESCO World Heritage List
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, UNESCO World Heritage Centre
  • Originated Here: Potala Palace, Stored region property on this entity, cited to this source: China
  • Originated Here: Mount Emei, Stored region property on this entity, cited to this source: China
  • Originated Here: Qingcheng Shan, Stored country property on this entity, cited to this source: China
  • Originated Here: Temple and Cemetery of Confucius, Qufu, Stored country property on this entity, cited to this source: China
  • Originated Here: Longmen Grottoes, Stored country property on this entity, cited to this source: China
  • Originated Here: Lingyun Hill, Stored country property on this entity, cited to this source: China
  • Originated Here: Mogao Caves, Stored country property on this entity, cited to this source: China
  • Originated Here: Yungang Grottoes, Stored country property on this entity, cited to this source: China
View the Source
Pilgrims and Sacred Sites in China
Susan Naquin and Chun-fang Yu (eds), University of California Press, 1992
  • Originated Here: Mount Wutai, Stored country property on this entity, cited to this source: China
  • Originated Here: Mount Jiuhua, Stored country property on this entity, cited to this source: China
  • Originated Here: Mount Putuo, Stored region property on this entity, cited to this source: China
  • Originated Here: Mount Tai, Stored region property on this entity, cited to this source: China
  • Originated Here: Mount Heng (Beiyue), Stored country property on this entity, cited to this source: China
  • Originated Here: Mount Song, Stored region property on this entity, cited to this source: China
The Encyclopedia of Taoism
Fabrizio Pregadio (ed.), Routledge, 2008
  • Originated Here: Mount Hua, Stored country property on this entity, cited to this source: China
  • Originated Here: Wudang Mountains, Stored country property on this entity, cited to this source: China
  • Originated Here: Chuzhen Jie (Precepts of Initial Perfection), Stored origin-place property on this entity, cited to this source: China (Beijing and Nanjing)
View the Source
Power of Place: The Religious Landscape of the Southern Sacred Peak (Nanyue) in Medieval China
James Robson, Harvard University Asia Center, 2009Originated Here: Mount Heng (Nanyue), Stored region property on this entity, cited to this source: ChinaView the Source
The Shaolin Monastery: History, Religion, and the Chinese Martial Arts
Meir Shahar, University of Hawaii Press, 2008Originated Here: Shaolin, Stored country property on this entity, cited to this source: ChinaView the Source
Secrets of the Fallen Pagoda: The Famen Temple and Tang Court Culture
Eugene Y. Wang, Tansen Sen, Wang Shen, Alan Chong, Kan Shuyi, Pedro Moura Carvalho, Libby Lai-Pik Chan and Conan Cheong, Asian Civilisations Museum, Singapore, 2014Originated Here: Famen Temple (Famensi), Stored country property on this entity, cited to this source: China
Lingguang Temple and the Buddha Tooth Relic Pagoda, Badachu
Buddhist Association of ChinaOriginated Here: Lingguang Temple (Badachu), Stored region property on this entity, cited to this source: Chinathe holders' own account
Sources of Chinese Tradition, Volume 1
Wm. Theodore de Bary and Irene Bloom (eds), Columbia University Press, 1999Originated Here: The Forbidden City, Stored country property on this entity, cited to this source: ChinaView the Source
Lao Tzu's Tao Te Ching: A Translation of the Startling New Documents Found at Guodian
Robert G. Henricks, Columbia University Press, 2000Originated Here: Mawangdui, Stored country property on this entity, cited to this source: China
Seeing Through Zen: Encounter, Transformation, and Genealogy in Chinese Chan Buddhism
John R. McRae, University of California Press, 2003
  • Originated Here: Yunmen Monastery, Stored country property on this entity, cited to this source: China
  • Originated Here: Nanhua Temple (Baolin Temple), Stored country property on this entity, cited to this source: China
View the Source
Neo-Confucianism in History
Peter K. Bol, Harvard University Asia Center, 2008
  • Originated Here: Guozijian (Imperial College), Beijing, Stored country property on this entity, cited to this source: China
  • Originated Here: Yuelu Academy, Stored country property on this entity, cited to this source: China
Religion in China: Survival and Revival under Communist Rule
Fenggang Yang, Oxford University Press, 2011Originated Here: Chinese Folk Religion, Stored origin-place property on this entity, cited to this source: China
Figure of Guan Yu, a guardian deity, accession 63.213.11 (Metropolitan Museum of Art)
Metropolitan Museum of ArtOriginated Here: Figure of Guan Yu, a Guardian Deity (Metropolitan Museum of Art, 63.213.11), Stored country property on this entity, cited to this source: ChinaView the Source
Zhong Kui, accession 1986.267.270 (Metropolitan Museum of Art)
Metropolitan Museum of ArtOriginated Here: Zhong Kui, Hanging Scroll (Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1986.267.270), Stored country property on this entity, cited to this source: ChinaView the Source
Festivals in Classical China: New Year and Other Annual Observances during the Han Dynasty
Derk Bodde, Princeton University Press, 1975
  • Originated Here: Mooncake, Stored origin-region property on this entity, cited to this source: China, tied to the Mid-Autumn Festival's lunar calendar observance.
  • Originated Here: Zongzi, Stored origin-region property on this entity, cited to this source: China
View the Source
Wikipedia, "Black Myth: Wukong"
WikipediaOriginated Here: Black Myth: Wukong, Stored origin-place property on this entity, cited to this source: ChinaView the Source
Donner and Stevenson, The Great Calming and Contemplation (University of Hawaii Press, 1993)
Neal Donner and Daniel B. Stevenson, University of Hawaii Press (Kuroda Institute, Classics in East Asian Buddhism), 1993Originated Here: Mohe Zhiguan (The Great Calming and Contemplation), Stored origin-place property on this entity, cited to this source: Yuquan Si (Temple of the Jade Spring), Jingzhou Prefecture, ChinaView the Source
Zhen'gao (Declarations of the Perfected)
Tao HongjingOriginated Here: Zhen'gao (Declarations of the Perfected), Stored origin-place property on this entity, cited to this source: China
Chinese Mythology: An Introduction
Anne Birrell, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993Originated Here: Huli Jing, Stored origin-place property on this entity, cited to this source: ChinaView the Source
The Texts of Taoism, Part I (Sacred Books of the East, vol. 39)
James Legge, Clarendon Press / Internet Sacred Text Archive, 1891Originated Here: Quanzhen (Complete Reality), Opening sentences of the entity description
Quote, Originated Here: Quanzhen (Complete Reality), Opening sentences of the entity description
The Complete Reality or Complete Perfection school, the dominant monastic tradition of Taoism, founded by Wang Chongyang in twelfth-century northern China.
View the Source
Laozi (Wikipedia)
WikipediaOriginated Here: Laozi, Lead section
Quote, Originated Here: Laozi, Lead section
Lǎozǐ) is the name traditionally given to an ancient Chinese philosopher, also identified as Li Er or Lao Dan, who
View the Source
Confucius (Wikipedia)
Wikipedia contributors, Wikipedia, 2026Originated Here: Confucius, Lead section
Quote, Originated Here: Confucius, Lead section
Confucius (c. 551, c. 479 BCE), born Kong Qiu, was a Chinese philosopher of the Spring and Autumn period who is
View the Source
Zhu Xi (Wikipedia)
Originated Here: Zhu Xi, Lead section
Quote, Originated Here: Zhu Xi, Lead section
April 23, 1200), formerly romanized Chu Hsi, was a Chinese philosopher, historian, politician, poet, and
View the Source
Chen Tuan (Wikipedia)
Originated Here: Chen Tuan, Lead section
Quote, Originated Here: Chen Tuan, Lead section
Chen Tuan Chinese: 陳摶 (died August 25, 989) was a Chinese Taoist credited with creation of the kung fu
View the Source
Wooden fish (Wikipedia)
Originated Here: Moktak, Lead section
Quote, Originated Here: Moktak, Lead section
Chinese temple block, or wooden bell is a type of woodblock that originated from China that is used as a
View the Source
Tiantai (Wikipedia)
Originated Here: Tiantai, Lead section
Quote, Originated Here: Tiantai, Lead section
is an East Asian Buddhist school of Mahāyāna Buddhism that developed in 6th-century China.
View the Source
Platform Sutra (Wikipedia)
Originated Here: Platform Sutra, Lead section
Quote, Originated Here: Platform Sutra, Lead section
Liùzǔ Tánjīng or simply 壇經; Tánjīng) is a Chan Buddhist scripture that was composed in China during the 8th to 13th
View the Source
Mencius (Wikipedia)
  • Originated Here: Mencius, Lead
    Mencius (孟子, Mèngzǐ, MEN-shee-əs; c. 371, c. 289 BC), born Meng Ke (孟軻), was a Chinese Confucian philosopher, often described as the Second Sage (亞聖) to reflect his traditional esteem relative to Confucius himself.
  • Originated Here: Mencius, Lead section
    Mencius (孟子, Mèngzǐ, MEN-shee-əs; c. 371, c. 289 BC), born Meng Ke (孟軻), was a Chinese Confucian philosopher, often described as the Second Sage (亞聖) to reflect his traditional esteem relative to Confucius himself.
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Huineng (Wikipedia)
WikipediaOriginated Here: Huineng, Lead
Quote, Originated Here: Huineng, Lead
Dajian Huineng or Hui-neng (traditional Chinese: 大鑒惠能; pinyin: Dàjiàn Huìnéng; Cantonese Jyutping: daai6 gaam3 wai6 nang4; Wade-Giles: Ta⁴-chien⁴ Hui⁴-nêng²; Japanese: Daikan Enō; Korean: Daegam Hyeneung; trad. 638-713), also commonly known as the Sixth Patriarch or Sixth Ancestor of Chan (Chinese:
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Sun Wukong (Wikipedia)
Originated Here: Sun Wukong, Lead
Quote, Originated Here: Sun Wukong, Lead
Sun Wukong (Chinese: 孫悟空, Mandarin pronunciation: [swə́n ûkʰʊ́ŋ]), also known as the Monkey King, is a literary and religious figure best known as one of the main characters in the 16th-century Chinese novel Journey to the West.
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Yu the Great (Wikipedia)
Originated Here: Yu the Great, Lead
Quote, Originated Here: Yu the Great, Lead
Yu the Great or Yu the Engineer was a legendary sage-king in ancient China who was credited with "the first successful state efforts at flood control", his establishment of the Xia dynasty, which inaugurated dynastic rule in China, and for his upright moral character.
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King Wen of Zhou (Wikipedia)
Originated Here: King Wen of Zhou, Lead
Quote, Originated Here: King Wen of Zhou, Lead
King Wen of Zhou (Chinese: 周文王, Zhōu Wén Wáng; 1152-1050 BC) was the posthumous title given to Ji Chang (Xiahou) (姬昌), the patriarch lord of the Zhou state during the final years of Shang dynasty in ancient China.
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Emperor Wu of Han (Wikipedia)
Originated Here: Emperor Wu of Han, Lead
Quote, Originated Here: Emperor Wu of Han, Lead
Emperor Wu of Han (156-29 March 87 BC) (Chinese: 漢武帝; pinyin: Hàn Wŭdì), personal name Liu Che (Chinese: 劉徹; pinyin: Liú Chè) and courtesy name Tong (Chinese: 通; pinyin: Tōng), was the seventh emperor of the Han dynasty from 141 to 87 BC.
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Buddha Maitreya with Ananda and Kasyapa, accession 68.124 (Metropolitan Museum of Art)
Metropolitan Museum of ArtOriginated Here: Buddha Maitreya with Ananda and Kasyapa (Metropolitan Museum of Art, 68.124), Collection record: culture, country and region fields
Quote, Originated Here: Buddha Maitreya with Ananda and Kasyapa (Metropolitan Museum of Art, 68.124), Collection record: culture, country and region fields
China
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Brush Pot with King Wen and the Scholar Jiang Taigong, accession 79.2.366 (Metropolitan Museum of Art)
Metropolitan Museum of ArtOriginated Here: Brush Pot with King Wen and the Scholar Jiang Taigong (Metropolitan Museum of Art, 79.2.366), Object record: Culture
Quote, Originated Here: Brush Pot with King Wen and the Scholar Jiang Taigong (Metropolitan Museum of Art, 79.2.366), Object record: Culture
Culture: China
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Daoist Immortal Laozi, accession 1997.139 (Metropolitan Museum of Art)
Metropolitan Museum of ArtOriginated Here: Daoist Immortal Laozi (Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1997.139), Object record: Culture
Quote, Originated Here: Daoist Immortal Laozi (Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1997.139), Object record: Culture
Culture: China
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Canonization scroll of Li Zhong, accession 38.31.1 (The Metropolitan Museum of Art)
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, catalogue entry, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2026Originated Here: Canonization Scroll of Li Zhong (The Metropolitan Museum of Art), Object record: Culture
Quote, Originated Here: Canonization Scroll of Li Zhong (The Metropolitan Museum of Art), Object record: Culture
Culture: China
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Wikipedia: Tao Te Ching
Wikipedia
  • Originated Here: Tao Te Ching, Lead
    is an ancient Chinese classic t
  • Originated Here: Tao Te Ching, Lead section
    The Tao Te Ching or Dào Dé Jīng, (traditional Chinese: 道德經; simplified Chinese: 道德经; lit. 'Classic of the Way and its Virtue') also known simply as the Laozi, is an ancient Chinese classic text traditionally credited to the sage Laozi, regarded as the foundational Taoist text.
  • Originated Here: Tao Te Ching, Lead paragraph, originated-in
    The Tao Te Ching or Dào Dé Jīng, (traditional Chinese: 道德經; simplified Chinese: 道德经; lit. 'Classic of the Way and its Virtue') also known simply as the Laozi, is an ancient Chinese classic text traditionally credited to the sage Laozi, regarded as the foundational Taoist text.
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Wikipedia: I Ching
Wikipedia
  • Originated Here: I Ching, Lead
    is an ancient Chinese divination text
  • Originated Here: I Ching, Lead section
    The I Ching or Yijing (Chinese: 易經 Mandarin pronunciation:[î tɕíŋ] ), usually translated as the Book of Changes or Classic of Changes, is an ancient Chinese divination text that is among the oldest of the Chinese classics.
  • Originated Here: I Ching (Book of Changes), Lead paragraph, originated-in
    The I Ching or Yijing (Chinese: 易經 Mandarin pronunciation:[î tɕíŋ] ), usually translated as the Book of Changes or Classic of Changes, is an ancient Chinese divination text that is among the oldest of the Chinese classics.
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The Analects (Wikipedia)
  • Originated Here: The Analects, Lead
    is an ancient Chinese philosophical text composed of sayings and ideas attributed to Confucius
  • Originated Here: The Analects, Lead section
    The Analects, also known as the Sayings of Confucius, is an ancient Chinese philosophical text composed of sayings and ideas attributed to Confucius and his contemporaries, traditionally believed to have been compiled by his followers.
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Zhuan Falun (Wikipedia)
  • Originated Here: Zhuan Falun, Lead
    in Changchun, China, in 1992
  • Originated Here: Zhuan Falun, Lead section
    Li Hongzhi published the Teachings of Falun Gong' in Changchun, China, in 1992, as well as Zhuan Falun in 1995.
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Wikipedia: Luopan
WikipediaOriginated Here: Luopan, Lead
Quote, Originated Here: Luopan, Lead
is a Chinese magnetic compass
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Yongle Emperor (Wikipedia)
Originated Here: Yongle Emperor, Lead
Quote, Originated Here: Yongle Emperor, Lead
was the third emperor of the Ming dynasty of China
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Plants For A Future: Prunus persica (plant database entry)
Plants For A FutureOriginated Here: Peach Blossom, Range
Quote, Originated Here: Peach Blossom, Range
E. Asia - China.
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Victoria and Albert Museum Collections API: V&A object record O166082
Victoria and Albert Museum Collections APIOriginated Here: Bodhidharma Crossing the Yangtze River (Victoria and Albert Museum, C.545-1910), placesOfOrigin
Quote, Originated Here: Bodhidharma Crossing the Yangtze River (Victoria and Albert Museum, C.545-1910), placesOfOrigin
"text": "China"
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Chinese mythology (Wikipedia)
Originated Here: Chinese, Lead
Quote, Originated Here: Chinese, Lead
Chinese mythology (traditional Chinese: 中國神話; simplified Chinese: 中国神话; pinyin: Zhōngguó shénhuà), is mythology that has been passed down in oral form or recorded in literature throughout the area now known as Greater China.
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Xuanzang (Wikipedia)
WikipediaOriginated Here: Xuanzang, Lead
Quote, Originated Here: Xuanzang, Lead
Xuanzang was born on 6 April 602 in Chenliu, near present-day Luoyang, in Henan province of China.
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Zhuang Zhou (Wikipedia)
Originated Here: Zhuangzi, Lead paragraph, originated-in
Quote, Originated Here: Zhuangzi, Lead paragraph, originated-in
Zhuang Zhou (US: , UK: ), honorifically often known as Zhuangzi (US: ), was an influential Chinese philosopher who lived around the 4th century BCE during the Warring States period, a period of great development in Chinese philosophy, the Hundred Schools of Thought.
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Xunzi (philosopher) (Wikipedia)
Originated Here: Xunzi, Lead paragraph, originated-in
Quote, Originated Here: Xunzi, Lead paragraph, originated-in
Xunzi (荀子, Xúnzǐ, lit. 'Master Xun'; c. 310, c. after 238 BCE), born Xun Kuang, was a late Warring States period Confucian Chinese philosopher, often ranked as the third great Confucian philosopher of antiquity after his predecessors Confucius and Mencius.
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Emperor Wu of Liang (Wikipedia)
Originated Here: Emperor Wu of Liang, Lead paragraph, originated-in
Quote, Originated Here: Emperor Wu of Liang, Lead paragraph, originated-in
Emperor Wu of Liang (Chinese: 梁武帝) (464-12 June 549), personal name Xiao Yan (蕭衍), courtesy name Shuda (叔達), childhood name Lian'er (練兒), was the founding emperor of the Chinese Liang dynasty, during the Northern and Southern dynasties period.
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Emperor Wu of Northern Zhou (Wikipedia)
Originated Here: Emperor Wu of Northern Zhou, Lead paragraph, originated-in
Quote, Originated Here: Emperor Wu of Northern Zhou, Lead paragraph, originated-in
Emperor Wu of Northern Zhou ((北)周武帝) (543-21 June 578), personal name Yuwen Yong (宇文邕), Xianbei nickname Miluotu (禰羅突), was an emperor of the Xianbei-led Northern Zhou dynasty of China.
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Simplified Chinese characters (Wikipedia)
Originated Here: Chinese (Simplified), Lead paragraph, originated-in
Quote, Originated Here: Chinese (Simplified), Lead paragraph, originated-in
Simplified Chinese characters are one of two standardized character sets used to write the Chinese language, with the other being traditional characters.
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Classical Chinese (Wikipedia)
Originated Here: Classical Chinese, Lead paragraph, originated-in
Quote, Originated Here: Classical Chinese, Lead paragraph, originated-in
Classical Chinese is the style of Chinese language in which the classics of Chinese literature were written, from c. the 5th century BCE.
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The Secret of the Golden Flower (Wikipedia)
Originated Here: The Secret of the Golden Flower, Lead paragraph, originated-in
Quote, Originated Here: The Secret of the Golden Flower, Lead paragraph, originated-in
The Secret of the Golden Flower (Chinese: 太乙金華宗旨; pinyin: Tàiyǐ Jīnhuá Zōngzhǐ) is a Chinese Taoist traditional medical textbook on neidan (inner alchemy) meditation, which also mixes Buddhist teachings with some Confucian thoughts.
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Baopuzi (Wikipedia)
Wikipedia contributors, Wikipedia, 2026Originated Here: Baopuzi, Lead paragraph, originated-in
Quote, Originated Here: Baopuzi, Lead paragraph, originated-in
The Taoist Inner Chapters discuss topics such as techniques to achieve "hsien" (Chinese: 仙; lit. 'immortality', 'transcendence'), Chinese alchemy, elixirs, and demonology.
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Omniglot: Cantonese language page
  • Originated Here: Cantonese, At a glance box: Status
    Status : de facto official language in Hong Kong and Macau, and de facto provincial language in Guangdong Province
  • Attested Here: Cantonese, At a glance box: Status
    Status : de facto official language in Hong Kong and Macau, and de facto provincial language in Guangdong Province
  • Sky Figures Read Here: Cantonese, At a glance box: Status
    Status : de facto official language in Hong Kong and Macau, and de facto provincial language in Guangdong Province
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