Home›Scriptures & Texts›All Scriptures & TextsBrowse ByAll Scriptures & TextsThe canonical scriptures of the world's religions: the Vedas and Upanishads, the Torah and Tanakh, the Gospels, the Quran, the Pali Canon, the Guru Granth Sahib and others. Each entry records what the text is, the religion it belongs to and its place in that tradition. Questions of authorship, date and canon are contested for most of them, and the entries note that rather than resolving it.FactsLearn MoreAll Scriptures & TextsSourcesComments (0)Reader Challenges (0)FactsStatusStanding as a Comparative CategoryWell-attestedA standard comparative category, with the caveat the field insists on: scripturality is a relation between a community and a text, not a quality of the text, and several works here were transmitted orally for centuries before being written. 1OverviewWhat Defines This GroupingWell-attestedTexts a community holds to be authoritative - revealed, inspired or foundational - grouped by the tradition that receives them. The kind and degree of that authority differs greatly between traditions and is not a property of the class. 1StructureStructureWell-attestedCanonical, deuterocanonical and apocryphal texts spanning many religious traditions 1Learn MoreThe Canonical Scriptures of the Religions This category holds the canonical scriptures of the world's religions: the Vedas and Upanishads, the Torah and the wider Tanakh, the Gospels and the rest of the Christian Bible, the Quran, the Pali Canon, the Guru Granth Sahib and others. Each entry records what the text is, the religion it belongs to, and its place in that tradition's life and authority. A scripture is not simply a book but a book a community holds to be authoritative, revealed, inspired or foundational, and the degree and kind of authority differs greatly between traditions, from verbatim revelation to inspired testimony to a canon assembled over centuries.Canon, Transmission and Criticism How a scripture came to be (composed, compiled, transmitted and finally fixed as canon), is often a long and studied history, and the atlas distinguishes the tradition's account of a text's origin from the findings of textual scholarship. Oral transmission, multiple authorship, editing and translation lie behind many scriptures that a tradition receives as a unity. The entries note the text's language, rough date and structure, its status within its tradition, and, where relevant, the main lines of scholarly study, keeping confessional and historical-critical views clearly apart. The esoteric and occult literature is treated separately under the esoteric-text category.All Scriptures & TextsFilter Results243 entriesLiterary FormAllAphorism collection (6)Apocalypse (5)Chronicle (16)Commentary (9)Cosmogony / creation myth (12)Didactic narrative / novella (7)Didactic Poem (3)Divination manual (2)Epistle / letter (6)Funerary text (6)Gospel (6)Hymn collection (15)Law code (11)Liturgical / prayer (9)Manual (6)Narrative / epic (6)Philosophical dialogue (13)Philosophical treatise (21)Prophetic oracle (4)Sutra (17)Text collection / anthology (54)Wisdom literature (6)LanguageAllArabic and Persian (2)Aramaic (11)Avestan (5)Bengali (1)Biblical Hebrew (18)Braj Bhasha (2)Classical Arabic (19)Classical Chinese (21)Classical Mandaic (4)Classical Tibetan (2)Coptic (9)English (21)French (4)Geez (1)Gorani (1)Gothic (1)Gurmukhi / Punjabi (2)Hawaiian (1)Hebrew and Aramaic (2)Japanese (5)Kannada (1)Kiche Maya (1)Koine Greek (32)Korean (1)Kurmanji Kurdish (3)Latin (2)Middle Egyptian (4)Middle Persian (Pahlavi) (3)Mishnaic Hebrew (4)Modern Mandarin Chinese (1)Old Egyptian (1)Ottoman Turkish (1)Pali (6)Persian (4)Prakrit (Ardhamagadhi) (7)Sanskrit (34)Tamil (3)Vedic Sanskrit (6)Vietnamese (2)Yoruba (1)Yucatec Maya (1)HistoricityAllHistorically attested (71)Historicity debated (18)Canonical StatusAllApocryphal (15)Canonical (98)Canonical (Avesta) (5)Canonical (Guru Granth Sahib) (1)Canonical (Jain Agama) (8)Canonical (Mahayana) (14)Canonical (Tanakh) (3)Canonical (Tipitaka) (6)Deuterocanonical (14)Hadith (14)Non-canonical (47)Protocanonical (2)Pseudepigraphal (3)Qur'anic revelation (1)Shruti (revealed) (7)Smriti (remembered) (10)Talmudic (6)TraditionAllAhmadiyya (2)Alawites (1)Alevism (2)Anabaptism (1)Anglican Communion (12)Anglicanism (12)Assyrian Church of the East (1)Baptist (1)Beta Israel (1)Breslov Hasidism (6)Calvinism (Reformed) (2)Chabad-Lubavitch (6)Christian Methodist Episcopal Church (1)Church of Cyprus (15)Church of England (12)Church of Greece (15)Church of Ireland (12)Church of Scotland (1)Church of Sweden (3)Community of Christ (2)Conservative Judaism (7)Digambara (2)Dragon Gate (3)Dutch Reformed Church (1)Eastern Orthodoxy (15)Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople (15)Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church (2)Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church (2)Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (3)Gaudiya Vaishnavism (2)Georgian Orthodox Church (15)Global Methodist Church (1)Greek Orthodox Church (15)Haredi Judaism (6)Hasidic Judaism (6)Humanistic Judaism (4)Ibadism (3)Irani Zoroastrianism (6)Ismailism (3)Jehovah's Witnesses (1)Jodo Shinshu (1)Karaite Judaism (3)Kashmir Shaivism (3)Khalsa (2)Kharijites (1)Lingayatism (1)Lutheranism (3)Madhyamaka (3)Mahayana (9)Maronite Church (11)Methodism (3)Modern Orthodox Judaism (7)Nation of Islam (2)Nichiren (2)Nichiren Shoshu (2)Nirmala (1)Old Believers (15)Oriental Orthodoxy (1)Orthodox Judaism (7)Parsi Zoroastrianism (6)Pentecostalism (1)Presbyterianism (1)Pure Land (1)Quakerism (Religious Society of Friends) (1)Quanzhen (Complete Reality) (3)Quranism (1)Reconstructionist Judaism (7)Reform Judaism (7)Religious Science (Centers for Spiritual Living) (1)Rinzai (1)Roman Catholicism (12)Romanian Orthodox Church (15)Russian Orthodox Church (15)Saint Thomas Christians (2)Salafism (2)Samkhya (1)Sect Shinto (2)Serbian Orthodox Church (15)Seventh-day Adventism (1)Shaivism (4)Shaktism (1)Shangqing (Highest Clarity) (3)Shia (Twelver) (6)Shingon (1)Shrine Shinto (2)Smartism (1)Soka Gakkai (1)Soto (1)Sri Vaishnavism (1)Sufism (2)Sunni (8)Svetambara (3)Tendai (1)The Episcopal Church (12)The United Methodist Church (1)Theravada (6)Tiantai (1)Tibetan Buddhism (3)Udasi (1)Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church (10)Ukrainian Orthodox Church (15)Vaishnavism (4)Vajrayana (3)Wahhabism (2)Zaidiyyah (3)Zen (4)Zhengyi (Orthodox Unity) (3)Attributed ToAllBaha'u'llah (3)Confucius (5)Guru Arjan (1)Guru Gobind Singh (2)Huineng (1)Jeremiah (1)Jerome (1)John the Baptist (1)Judah ha-Nasi (1)King David (1)Laozi (1)Mahavira (1)Mencius (1)Moses (2)Nicodemus (1)Solomon (1)The Bab (2)Thomas (1)Valmiki (2)Vishvamitra (1)Vyasa (9)Zarathustra (1)Zhuangzi (1)Authored ByAllAbhinavagupta (1)Abu Dawud al-Sijistani (1)Ahmad ibn Shuayb an-Nasai (1)al-Kulayni (1)Al-Qadi al-Nu'man (1)Al-Tirmidhi (1)Aleister Crowley (2)Allan Kardec (2)Anton LaVey (3)Appar (1)Auguste Comte (2)Baruch ben Neriah (1)Ben Sira (1)Bhadrabahu (1)Choe Je-u (2)Clement of Rome (1)Deguchi Nao (1)Elijah Muhammad (1)Ernest Holmes (1)Greg Hill (Malaclypse the Younger) (1)Helen Schucman (1)Hermas the Freedman (1)Huynh Phu So (1)Ibn Majah (1)Inbe no Hironari (1)Iolo Morganwg (1)Ishvarakrishna (1)Joseph Smith (2)Kawate Bunjiro (Konko Daijin) (1)Kerry Thornley (Lord Omar Khayyam Ravenhurst) (1)Krishnadasa Kaviraja (1)L. Ron Hubbard (1)Li Hongzhi (1)Malik ibn Anas (1)Manasseh of Judah (1)Mary Baker Eddy (1)Muhammad ibn Ismail al-Bukhari (1)Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj (1)Nakayama Miki (2)Nichiren (1)O no Yasumaro (1)Onisaburo Deguchi (1)Paul Twitchell (1)Purnananda (1)Rumi (1)Sambandar (1)Shaykh al-Tusi (2)Starhawk (1)Sudharmaswami (2)Sundaramurti (1)Thomas Paine (1)Umaswati (1)Wulfila (1)Zengzi (1)Zisi (1)Composed OfAllBook of Baruch (1)Book of Judith (1)Book of Tobit (1)Books of the Maccabees (1)Midrash (1)Mishnah (1)Talmud (1)Tosefta (1)Wisdom of Sirach (1)Wisdom of Solomon (1)Originated InAllBabylonia (1)China (6)Egypt (5)Ethiopia (1)Galilee (2)India (3)Indian Subcontinent (4)Iraq (2)Japan (4)Karnataka (1)Kashmir (2)New York (1)Oceania and Australia (1)Rome (1)The Levant (1)United States (1)Vietnam (1)Yucatan (2)Originates In LanguageAllArabic (11)Aramaic (11)Avestan (3)Bengali (1)Biblical Hebrew (18)Braj Bhasha (2)Classical Arabic (8)Classical Chinese (20)Classical Mandaic (4)Classical Syriac (1)Classical Tamil (1)Classical Tibetan (2)Coptic (9)English (19)French (4)Ge'ez (1)Gorani (1)Gothic (1)Hawaiian (1)Japanese (7)K'iche' Maya (1)Kannada (1)Koine Greek (32)Korean (1)Kurmanji Kurdish (3)Latin (2)Mandarin Chinese (1)Middle Egyptian (4)Middle Persian (3)Mishnaic Hebrew (4)Modern English (1)Old Avestan (Gathic) (1)Old Egyptian (1)Old Javanese (Kawi) (1)Pali (6)Prakrit (7)Reformed Egyptian (1)Sanskrit (33)Vedic Sanskrit (6)Yoruba (1)Younger Avestan (1)Yucatec Maya (1)Excluded From CanonAllAnabaptism (15)Baptist (15)Calvinism (Reformed) (15)Christian Methodist Episcopal Church (1)Church of Scotland (15)Church of Sweden (14)Dutch Reformed Church (15)Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (14)Global Methodist Church (1)Jehovah's Witnesses (15)Lutheranism (14)Methodism (1)Pentecostalism (15)Presbyterianism (15)Protestantism (15)Quakerism (Religious Society of Friends) (15)Quranism (14)Seventh-day Adventism (15)Shia (Twelver) (6)Sunni (4)The United Methodist Church (1)Parent workAllMishnah (1)Perfection of Wisdom Sutras (2)Puranas (1)The Vedas (5)Tripitaka (1)Canon divisionAllAgama Scriptures (4)Anthologies (Scriptures and Texts) (3)Apocrypha (Scriptures and Texts) (4)Apocryphal Additions (4)Apostolic Fathers (8)Babi Scriptures (Scriptures and Texts) (3)Bahá’í Scriptures (Scriptures and Texts) (3)Bible Translations (5)Buddhist Scriptures (Scriptures and Texts) (5)Chronicles (Scriptures and Texts) (6)Classical Rabbinic Literature (7)Classics (Scriptures and Texts) (5)Confucian Scriptures (Scriptures and Texts) (6)Dead Sea Scrolls (Scriptures and Texts) (6)Druze Scriptures (Scriptures and Texts) (1)Epics (Scriptures and Texts) (3)Funerary Texts (Scriptures and Texts) (5)Gnostic Gospels (Scriptures and Texts) (8)Hymn Collections (Scriptures and Texts) (5)Ismaili, Zaidi and Ibadi Foundational Texts (3)Jain Scriptures (Scriptures and Texts) (8)Japanese New Religions Scriptures (6)Jewish Scriptures (Scriptures and Texts) (3)Kardecist Spiritism Scriptures (2)Kashmir Shaivism Sutras (2)Latter Day Saint Scriptures (Scriptures and Texts) (3)Maccabean Literature (2)Mahayana Buddhist Sutras (13)Mandaean Scriptures (Scriptures and Texts) (3)Manichaean Scriptures (Scriptures and Texts) (2)Modern Pagan Movement Scriptures (2)Modern Satanism Scriptures (Scriptures and Texts) (3)Myths (Scriptures and Texts) (1)New Testament Apocryphal Gospels (2)Oral Traditions (Scriptures and Texts) (1)Pseudepigrapha (Scriptures and Texts) (4)Religion of Humanity Scriptures (Scriptures and Texts) (1)Samaritan Scriptures (Scriptures and Texts) (3)Shia Four Books (4)Shruti Scriptures (7)Sikh Scriptures (Scriptures and Texts) (4)Smriti Scriptures (10)Sunni Six Books (6)Taoist Scriptures (Scriptures and Texts) (3)Thelemic Scriptures (Scriptures and Texts) (3)Vietnamese New Religion Scriptures (2)Wisdom Literature (2)Yarsani Scriptures (Scriptures and Texts) (1)Yazidi Scriptures (Scriptures and Texts) (2)Zoroastrian Scriptures (Scriptures and Texts) (7)Show ResultsBrowseCompareSelect all 1001 EsdrasDeuterocanonical Books2 EsdrasPseudepigrapha3 MaccabeesDeuterocanonical Books4 MaccabeesNon-canonical TextsA Course in MiraclesNew Religious Movement ScripturesActs of PilateApocryphaActs of ThomasApocryphaAdditions to DanielDeuterocanonical BooksAdditions to EstherDeuterocanonical BooksAgamasJain ScripturesAgni PuranaHindu ScripturesAl-IstibsarIslamic ScripturesAl-MuwattaIslamic ScripturesAmduatFunerary TextsApocryphon of JohnGnostic GospelsArda Viraf Nameh (Book of Arda Viraf)Zoroastrian ScripturesAtharva VedaHindu ScripturesAvatamsaka SutraSutrasAvestaZoroastrian ScripturesBarddasNew Religious Movement ScripturesBhagavad GitaHindu ScripturesBhagavata PuranaHindu ScripturesBhagavati SutraJain ScripturesBhaishajyaguru SutraSutrasBook of BaruchDeuterocanonical BooksBook of Documents (Shujing)ClassicsBook of Enoch (1 Enoch)PseudepigraphaBook of GatesFunerary TextsBook of JubileesPseudepigraphaBook of JudithDeuterocanonical BooksBook of MormonLatter Day Saint ScripturesBook of the DeadFunerary TextsBook of TobitDeuterocanonical BooksBooks of Chilam BalamChroniclesBooks of the MaccabeesDeuterocanonical BooksBrahma SutrasSutrasBundahishnZoroastrian ScripturesBuyrukIslamic ScripturesCatechism of Positive ReligionReligion of Humanity ScripturesChaitanya CharitamritaHindu ScripturesChilam Balam of ChumayelChroniclesChilam Balam of TiziminChroniclesCoffin TextsFunerary TextsCommunity RuleDead Sea ScrollsDa'a'im al-IslamIslamic ScripturesDala'il-i-Sab'ih (Seven Proofs)Babi ScripturesDaozangTaoist ScripturesDasam GranthSikh ScripturesDashavaikalika SutraJain ScripturesDevi MahatmyaHindu ScripturesDhammapadaBuddhist ScripturesDiamond SutraSutrasDidacheNon-canonical TextsDivya PrabandhamHymn CollectionsDoctrine and CovenantsLatter Day Saint ScripturesDonggyeong DaejeonNew Religious Movement ScripturesEpistle of BarnabasNon-canonical TextsEpistle to DiognetusNon-canonical TextsEpistles of WisdomDruze ScripturesFirst ClementNon-canonical TextsFive ClassicsConfucian ScripturesGaruda PuranaHindu ScripturesGathasZoroastrian ScripturesGemaraCommentariesGenesis ApocryphonDead Sea ScrollsGinza RabbaMandaean ScripturesGospel of JudasGnostic GospelsGospel of MaryGnostic GospelsGospel of PeterNon-canonical TextsGospel of PhilipGnostic GospelsGospel of ThomasGnostic GospelsGospel of TruthGnostic GospelsGothic BibleChristian ScripturesGuru Granth SahibSikh ScripturesHadithIslamic ScripturesHaran GawaitaMandaean ScripturesHeart SutraSutrasHodayot (Thanksgiving Hymns)Dead Sea ScrollsI ChingClassicsInfancy Gospel of JamesNon-canonical TextsJami' al-Rabi'Islamic ScripturesJami at-TirmidhiIslamic ScripturesJanam-sakhisSikh ScripturesKalam-e SaranjamYarsani ScripturesKalpa SutraJain ScripturesKamika AgamaHindu ScripturesKangyurBuddhist ScripturesKarandavyuha SutraSutrasKebra NagastChristian ScripturesKhordeh AvestaZoroastrian ScripturesKing James VersionChristian ScripturesKitab al-KafiIslamic ScripturesKitab-i-AqdasBahá’í ScripturesKitab-i-IqanBahá’í ScripturesKiteba Cilwe (Book of Revelation)Yazidi ScripturesKogo ShuiChroniclesKojikiChroniclesKonkokyo KyotenNew Religious Movement ScripturesKumulipoEpicsLankavatara SutraSutras123Next →Sources1. Encyclopedia of Religiontier 1Mircea Eliade (ed.); Lindsay Jones (ed., 2nd ed.), Macmillan Reference, 2005s.v. ScriptureView the SourceDivinity Atlas Directory Prose, First Edition Category Descriptionstier 1Comments (0)No comments yet. Be the first to share a thought.Sign in to join the discussion.Reader Challenges (0)No disputes yet. Spotted an error or a better source? Open the first one.Sign in to dispute this or suggest a correction.