Sources

Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses

Citation Formats

General Reference

Divinity Atlas. "Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses." Accessed August 30, 2026. https://www.divinityatlas.com/sources/ancient-mesopotamian-gods-and-goddesses.

APA Style

Divinity Atlas. (n.d.). Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses. Retrieved August 30, 2026, from https://www.divinityatlas.com/sources/ancient-mesopotamian-gods-and-goddesses

BibTeX

@misc{divinityatlas-ancient-mesopotamian-gods-and-goddesses,
  author = {Divinity Atlas},
  title = {Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses},
  year = {2026},
  url = {https://www.divinityatlas.com/sources/ancient-mesopotamian-gods-and-goddesses},
  note = {Accessed August 30, 2026}
}

Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses is a peer-reviewed open academic reference, part of the Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus project at the University of Pennsylvania, with entries reviewed through that project's own scholarly process rather than published without review. That documented peer-review method, checkable since the corpus itself is openly published online, is the real basis for its standing here rather than a claim about institutional prestige alone. This record has not independently traced a documented history of revision to any specific entry since 2011. Use it for an established fact about a specific Sumerian, Akkadian or Babylonian deity; a live archaeological dispute about a specific find may have moved past what a given entry records.

Facts

Citation

Author

Nicole Brisch (ed.)

Publisher

Oracc / Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus, University of Pennsylvania

Publication Year

2011

URL

http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/amgg/

Source Type

reference

Assessment

Reliability Tier

A peer reviewed open academic reference produced through the Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus project at the University of Pennsylvania, with entries reviewed through that project's own scholarly process.

Notes

Peer-reviewed open academic A-Z of the Sumerian, Akkadian and Babylonian pantheons.

Cross-Tradition Connections

Associated With

Babylonians

This source names Babylonians directly: "Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses is a peer-reviewed open academic reference, part of the Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus project at the University of Pennsylvania, with entries..."

Source Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and GoddessesNicole Brisch (ed.)

Mesopotamians

This source names Mesopotamians directly: "Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses is a peer-reviewed open academic reference, part of the Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus project at the University of Pennsylvania, with entries..."

Source Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and GoddessesNicole Brisch (ed.)

Sumerians

This source names Sumerians directly: "Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses is a peer-reviewed open academic reference, part of the Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus project at the University of Pennsylvania, with entries..."

Source Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and GoddessesNicole Brisch (ed.)

Claims Backed By This Source (476 claims)

This source backs 476 claims across the atlas. As facts: 392 well-attested, 2 scholarly debate, 1 open question. As cited relationships: 25 holds, 1 connected. Plus 55 entities citing it as a general reference with no single fact or relationship attached.

Disposition By Topic

Deities, 229 claims: 206 well-attested, 5 holds, 18 general references.
Articles, 73 claims: 73 well-attested.
Figures, 32 claims: 27 well-attested, 1 holds, 4 general references.
Sacred Sites, 28 claims: 17 well-attested, 1 open question, 5 holds, 5 general references.
Rituals, 27 claims: 16 well-attested, 2 holds, 9 general references.
Subcategories, 13 claims: 10 well-attested, 3 general references.
Sources, 11 claims: 8 well-attested, 3 holds.
Religions, 10 claims: 7 well-attested, 2 holds, 1 general references.
Open Questions, 9 claims: 7 well-attested, 1 connected, 1 general references.
Doctrines, 8 claims: 6 well-attested, 1 holds, 1 general references.
Mythical Creatures, 7 claims: 2 well-attested, 2 scholarly debate, 1 holds, 2 general references.
Religious Offices, 7 claims: 4 well-attested, 2 holds, 1 general references.
Beliefs & Restrictions, 5 claims: 4 well-attested, 1 general references.
Religious Events, 4 claims: 2 well-attested, 1 holds, 1 general references.
Religious Organization & Structure, 4 claims: 3 well-attested, 1 general references.
Holidays & Festivals, 3 claims: 1 holds, 2 general references.
Cultures, 2 claims: 2 general references.
Myths & Sacred Narratives, 2 claims: 1 holds, 1 general references.
Other Writings, 1 claims: 1 general references.
Religious Dress & Vestments, 1 claims: 1 general references.