Home›Sources›The Eastern Christian Churches: A Brief SurveySourcesThe Eastern Christian Churches: A Brief SurveyCitation FormatsGeneral ReferenceGeneral Reference Citation TextDivinity Atlas. "The Eastern Christian Churches: A Brief Survey." Accessed August 30, 2026. https://www.divinityatlas.com/sources/the-eastern-christian-churches-a-brief-survey.Copy General ReferenceAPA StyleAPA Style Citation TextDivinity Atlas. (n.d.). The Eastern Christian Churches: A Brief Survey. Retrieved August 30, 2026, from https://www.divinityatlas.com/sources/the-eastern-christian-churches-a-brief-surveyCopy APA StyleBibTeXBibTeX Citation Text@misc{divinityatlas-the-eastern-christian-churches-a-brief-s, author = {Divinity Atlas}, title = {The Eastern Christian Churches: A Brief Survey}, year = {2026}, url = {https://www.divinityatlas.com/sources/the-eastern-christian-churches-a-brief-survey}, note = {Accessed August 30, 2026} }Copy BibTeXRonald Roberson's survey covers both the Eastern Catholic churches and the separate Eastern Orthodox churches, giving each one's own documented history, structure and current status side by side rather than treating Eastern Christianity as a single undifferentiated bloc. This record states an honest institutional fact rather than leaving it unstated: the Pontifical Oriental Institute is a Roman Catholic institution in Rome for the study of the Christian East, so a claim about how a specific Orthodox church understands its own identity independently of communion with Rome may need that church's own statement checked alongside this survey. Use it for established facts about a named Eastern church's history and current structure as this survey documents it.FactsCross-Tradition ConnectionsClaims Backed By This Source (111 claims)Comments (0)Reader Challenges (0 open reader challenges)FactsAssessmentReliability TierWell-attested1Source-type book (a mixed 72 percent tier-1 tag); read instead by its own shape, an academic-institutional-press monograph (Pontifical Oriental Institute) by a named scholar.NotesWell-attestedA reference survey of the Eastern Christian churches, both Eastern Catholic and Eastern Orthodox, giving each church's history, structure and current status, published by the Pontifical Oriental Institute, a Roman Catholic pontifical institute in Rome for the study of the Christian East. Use for established facts about a specific Eastern church's identity and history; produced under Catholic institutional auspices, so a claim about how an Orthodox church understands itself independently of communion with Rome may need that church's own statement alongside it.CitationAuthorWell-attestedRonald G. RobersonPublisherWell-attestedPontifical Oriental InstitutePublication YearWell-attested1999URLWell-attestedhttps://cnewa.org/eastern-christian-churches/Source TypeWell-attestedbookCross-Tradition ConnectionsAssociated WithRome, Cities Well-attested This source names Rome directly: "is a Roman Catholic institution in Rome for the study of the Christian East, so a claim about how a specific Orthodox church understands its own identity independently of communion with Rome may..."Source The Eastern Christian Churches: A Brief SurveyRonald G. Robersontier 1Claims Backed By This Source (111 claims)This source backs 111 claims across the atlas. As facts: 83 well-attested, 4 scholarly debate. As cited relationships: 2 holds, 1 connected. Plus 21 entities citing it as a general reference with no single fact or relationship attached.Disposition By TopicBeliefs & Restrictions, 52 claims: 39 well-attested, 2 scholarly debate, 11 general references.Denominations, 18 claims: 15 well-attested, 3 general references.Doctrines, 17 claims: 8 well-attested, 2 scholarly debate, 1 holds, 6 general references.Articles, 15 claims: 13 well-attested, 1 connected, 1 general references.Sources, 9 claims: 8 well-attested, 1 holds.Well-attested83ArticlesA Shared Origin, a Separate ChurchA Unification Council and a Patriarchal GrantAn Independent Patriarchate Under PressureBrest 1596, and What the Union PreservedChalcedon and the Fifth-Century BreakFifteen Centuries, Then a HandshakeLiquidation, the Catacomb Years, and the ReturnMonophysite or Miaphysite: A Name Disputed, A Gap NarrowedMoscow's Rejection and a Divided CommunionOne Nature, Two Natures, and the Word MonophysiteThe Union of Brest and the Shape of ReturnBeliefs & RestrictionsA Married Parish Priesthood With Celibate BishopsAn Eastern Liturgical Rite in Full Communion With RomeAn Expanded Biblical Canon Including Enoch and JubileesAutocephaly and Conciliar Governance Without a Universal PrimateChalcedonian Christology (Two Natures in One Person)Ecumenical Councils Continue and Are Confirmed by the PopeObservance of Both Saturday and Sunday as Holy DaysThe Filioque: The Spirit Proceeds From the Father and the SonThe Julian Calendar for the Fixed FeastsThe Revised Julian Calendar for the Fixed FeastsThe Three Ecumenical Councils as the Complete Dogmatic DepositDenominationsEritrean Orthodox Tewahedo ChurchMaronite ChurchUkrainian Greek Catholic ChurchDoctrinesEcclesiastical Polity and the Validity of Holy OrdersMiaphysitismThe 2019 Tomos of AutocephalySourcesThe Eastern Christian Churches: A Brief SurveyScholarly debate4Beliefs & RestrictionsAn Eastern Liturgical Rite in Full Communion With RomeObservance of Both Saturday and Sunday as Holy DaysDoctrinesThe Two Wills of Christ and the Monothelite QuestionHolds2DoctrinesApostolic successionSourcesThe Eastern Christian Churches: A Brief SurveyConnected1ArticlesThe Union of Brest and the Shape of ReturnGeneral References21ArticlesThe Union of Brest and the Shape of ReturnBeliefs & RestrictionsA Married Parish Priesthood With Celibate BishopsAn Eastern Liturgical Rite in Full Communion With RomeAn Expanded Biblical Canon Including Enoch and JubileesAutocephaly and Conciliar Governance Without a Universal PrimateChalcedonian Christology (Two Natures in One Person)Ecumenical Councils Continue and Are Confirmed by the PopeObservance of Both Saturday and Sunday as Holy DaysThe Filioque: The Spirit Proceeds From the Father and the SonThe Julian Calendar for the Fixed FeastsThe Revised Julian Calendar for the Fixed FeastsThe Three Ecumenical Councils as the Complete Dogmatic DepositDenominationsEritrean Orthodox Tewahedo ChurchMaronite ChurchUkrainian Greek Catholic ChurchDoctrinesApostolic successionEcclesiastical Polity and the Validity of Holy OrdersMiaphysitismPrimacy of Honor Among Orthodox ChurchesThe 2019 Tomos of AutocephalyThe Two Wills of Christ and the Monothelite QuestionComments (0)No comments yet. Be the first to share a thought.Sign in to join the discussion.Reader Challenges (0 open reader challenges)No disputes yet. Spotted an error or a better source? Open the first one.Sign in to dispute this or suggest a correction.View At A Past YearThe atlas records no dated fact of its own for this entry, so there is no other year to choose.Show This Year