Sources

The Zend-Avesta, Part III: the Yasna, Visparad, Afrinagan, Gahs (Sacred Books of the East, vol. 31)

Citation Formats

General Reference

Divinity Atlas. "The Zend-Avesta, Part III: the Yasna, Visparad, Afrinagan, Gahs (Sacred Books of the East, vol. 31)." Accessed August 30, 2026. https://www.divinityatlas.com/sources/the-zend-avesta-part-iii-the-yasna-visparad-afrinagan-gahs-sacred-books-of-the-east-vol-31.

APA Style

Divinity Atlas. (n.d.). The Zend-Avesta, Part III: the Yasna, Visparad, Afrinagan, Gahs (Sacred Books of the East, vol. 31). Retrieved August 30, 2026, from https://www.divinityatlas.com/sources/the-zend-avesta-part-iii-the-yasna-visparad-afrinagan-gahs-sacred-books-of-the-east-vol-31

BibTeX

@misc{divinityatlas-the-zend-avesta-part-iii-the-yasna-vispa,
  author = {Divinity Atlas},
  title = {The Zend-Avesta, Part III: the Yasna, Visparad, Afrinagan, Gahs (Sacred Books of the East, vol. 31)},
  year = {2026},
  url = {https://www.divinityatlas.com/sources/the-zend-avesta-part-iii-the-yasna-visparad-afrinagan-gahs-sacred-books-of-the-east-vol-31},
  note = {Accessed August 30, 2026}
}

This is L.H. Mills's nineteenth-century translation of part of the Avesta, published as volume 31 of the Sacred Books of the East series, a documented scholarly translation project rather than a devotional or promotional edition, made directly from the Avestan text. Being a nineteenth-century translation is the honest reason this record holds it at the tier for a reputable period rendering rather than the top current scholarly tier: over a century of subsequent Avestan and Zoroastrian textual scholarship sits between this translation and current understanding of the text. Use it for the wording of a specific passage from the Yasna, Visparad or Afrinagan as this translation renders it; a claim resting on a contested modern reading needs a more recent dedicated source alongside it.

Facts

Citation

Author

L. H. Mills

Publisher

Clarendon Press / Internet Sacred Text Archive

Publication Year

1887

URL

https://sacred-texts.com/zor/sbe31/

Source Type

primary-text

Assessment

Reliability Tier

L. H. Mills's scholarly translation of the Zoroastrian Yasna, Visparad, Afrinagan and Gahs for the Sacred Books of the East series; held at the tier for a reputable period translation.

Notes

Sacred Books of the East, volume 31.

Claims Backed By This Source (107 claims)

This source backs 107 claims across the atlas. As facts: 56 well-attested. As cited relationships: 25 holds. Plus 26 entities citing it as a general reference with no single fact or relationship attached.

Disposition By Topic

Rituals, 20 claims: 13 well-attested, 4 holds, 3 general references.
Practices, 18 claims: 13 well-attested, 5 general references.
Prayers, 16 claims: 11 holds, 5 general references.
Sacred Objects & Ritual Items, 12 claims: 8 well-attested, 2 holds, 2 general references.
Passages, 10 claims: 7 well-attested, 2 holds, 1 general references.
Sources, 8 claims: 8 well-attested.
Articles, 5 claims: 5 well-attested.
Holidays & Festivals, 5 claims: 4 holds, 1 general references.
Figures, 2 claims: 2 general references.
Languages, 2 claims: 1 well-attested, 1 general references.
Mantras, 2 claims: 1 holds, 1 general references.
Myths & Sacred Narratives, 2 claims: 1 holds, 1 general references.
Sacred Foods, 2 claims: 1 well-attested, 1 general references.
Scriptures & Texts, 2 claims: 2 general references.
Hymns & Liturgical Texts, 1 claims: 1 general references.