Divinity Atlas

Sacred Correspondences
Denominations

Dragon Gate

Also Known As Dragon Gate lineage · Longmen · Longmen pai
Taoism

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Origin from 1200

Dragon Gate, in Chinese Longmen, is the dominant lineage of Quanzhen Daoism and the one to which most ordained Daoist monastics in China today belong. It traces itself to Qiu Chuji, the disciple of Wang Chongyang whom Chinggis Khan summoned west for an audience, and its monastic rule and ordination system were consolidated in the seventeenth century by Wang Changyue at the White Cloud Monastery in Beijing. It is monastic and celibate, in contrast with the hereditary householder priesthood of Zhengyi.

Facts
Origins
Origin Period
from 1200 1
Its own record traces the lineage to Qiu Chuji, whom Chinggis Khan summoned west, a thirteenth-century episode, distinct from Wang Changyue's later seventeenth-century consolidation.
Place of Origin
China; its monastic rule and ordination system were consolidated at the White Cloud Monastery in Beijing. 1
Founder
Traced to Qiu Chuji; the monastic rule and ordination platform were consolidated by Wang Changyue in the seventeenth century 1
Status
Status Today
Living tradition, practised today 1
Organisation
Governance
Authority through monastic ordination lineage and its seats 1
Its own record names it the dominant lineage of Quanzhen Daoism and describes it as "monastic and celibate", matching Quanzhen, already carried as monastic-lineage.
Ordination
Ordination is into a monastic order, not to a congregation 1
Ordination Practice Detail
Monastic and celibate, in contrast with the hereditary householder priesthood of Zhengyi 1
Practice
Liturgical Language
Classical Chinese (read in Sino-Japanese where used in Japan) 1
Its own record names it the dominant lineage of Quanzhen Daoism, already carried as classical-chinese.
Belief
Defining Doctrinal Position
Neidan: the refinement of body and spirit as the path 1
Its own record names it the dominant lineage of Quanzhen Daoism, matching Quanzhen (Complete Reality), already carried as internal-alchemy.
Open Questions
Membership Over Time
no count isolating this lineage exists
Ordained Daoist monastics in China are registered through the China Daoist Association and their own monasteries rather than by lineage, so no published figure breaks out Dragon Gate clergy from Zhengyi priests or from monastics belonging to Quanzhen's smaller lineages; scholarship on the order describes it as the dominant Quanzhen lineage without giving it its own headcount.
Learn More
Qiu Chuji and the Summons to the West

Quanzhen, the teaching of complete perfection, was founded in the twelfth century by Wang Chongyang in northern China under the Jurchen Jin, and it broke with the Daoism around it by being monastic and celibate. Its central discipline is internal alchemy, the refining of essence, breath and spirit within the practitioner rather than in a crucible, and it drew openly on Buddhist meditation and Confucian ethics while insisting the three teachings agreed at the root.

Qiu Chuji was one of Wang Chongyang seven principal disciples and the founder of the Longmen or Dragon Gate branch. In old age he was summoned by Chinggis Khan and travelled from Shandong to the Hindu Kush to meet him, a journey of three years recorded by his companion Li Zhichang in a travel account that is still read as a source for the geography and peoples of the route. What he said at the audience is reported as counsel against killing and in favour of restraint.

What he returned with mattered more institutionally. Quanzhen received Mongol favour, including exemption from taxation and corvee for its clergy, and it used the position to acquire temples on a very large scale. That expansion produced a backlash under later Mongol rulers, including public debates with Buddhists that Quanzhen lost and orders to burn Daoist texts, but the school survived with its monastic organisation intact.

The Ordination Platform at the White Cloud Monastery

Dragon Gate became the dominant Daoist monastic order because of an administrative achievement rather than a doctrinal one. In the seventeenth century Wang Changyue, abbot of the White Cloud Monastery in Beijing, established a public ordination platform there and set out a graded system of precepts: an initial rank of preliminary precepts, an intermediate rank, and a highest rank conferred rarely. Ordinations were held in large public assemblies, candidates came from monasteries across the country, and the lineage record was kept centrally.

That gave Chinese Daoism something it had lacked, a recognised and portable ordination that a monastery anywhere could accept. Houses that had no historical connection to Qiu Chuji adopted the Longmen lineage poem and the Longmen ordination, so the branch spread partly by affiliation rather than by descent, and modern scholarship treats the seventeenth century construction of the lineage as at least as important as the twelfth century founding.

The contrast that defines the order in practice is with Zhengyi. A Zhengyi priest is ordinarily married, lives at home, inherits his office within a family, and serves a community by performing rites for it. A Dragon Gate monastic is celibate, lives in a monastery under a rule, wears the robe and the hair coiled and pinned, and follows a daily liturgical and meditative round. The White Cloud Monastery is today the seat of the national Daoist association, which keeps the ordination tradition at the centre of official Daoist life.

Cross-Tradition Connections

Associated With

This source names Dragon Gate directly: "Vincent Goossaert on the Longmen (Dragon Gate) lineage of Quanzhen Daoism under the Qing dynasty, covering Wang Changyue's revival of public monastic ordination at the Baiyun Guan (White Cloud..."

This source names Dragon Gate directly: "and, on leaping the falls of the Dragon Gate, is transformed into a dragon."

Belongs to Tradition

Taoism, Religions

Branch Of

The dominant lineage within Quanzhen Daoism.

Source The Encyclopedia of TaoismFabrizio Pregadio (ed.)
Taoism, Religions

Contrasts With

Monastic and celibate, against the hereditary householder priesthood of Zhengyi.

Source The Encyclopedia of TaoismFabrizio Pregadio (ed.)

Held Differently

Alchemy, Disciplines

Dragon Gate stands in the Quanzhen line and works the inner alchemy, so its elixir is a transformation of the practitioner rather than a substance prepared outside them.

Source The Encyclopedia of TaoismFabrizio Pregadio (ed.)

Holds Element

The largest Quanzhen lineage, whose ordination carries the monastic liturgy with it.

Source Daoism HandbookLivia Kohn (ed.)
Qigong, Disciplines

Dragon Gate keeps the Quanzhen regimen of breath and stillness as part of its monastic formation.

Source The Encyclopedia of TaoismFabrizio Pregadio (ed.)

Dragon Gate is the largest lineage within Quanzhen and transmits its monastic ordination.

Objects and Practices of This Tradition

Wang Changyue's codified ordination-precept text, administered at the platforms he established from 1663, the textual basis of Dragon Gate's own claim to a codified rather than purely personal line of transmission.

Source The Encyclopedia of TaoismFabrizio Pregadio (ed.)
Dao, Doctrines

The Dao as the way underlying and producing all things is the shared metaphysical ground of every Taoist school, held by this dominant Quanzhen lineage.

Source The Encyclopedia of TaoismFabrizio Pregadio (ed.)

The Daozang, the compiled Taoist Canon, gathers this school's own scriptures alongside those of every other Taoist lineage.

Source The Taoist Canon: A Historical Companion to the DaozangKristofer Schipper and Franciscus Verellen (eds.)
De, Doctrines

Inner power or virtue, the potency gained by embodying the Dao, is affirmed across organized Taoism and foundational to this lineage's monastic rule.

Source The Encyclopedia of TaoismFabrizio Pregadio (ed.)
Pu, Doctrines

The uncarved block, original simplicity before it is shaped into named forms, is a shared Taoist ideal of the state to return to.

Source The Encyclopedia of TaoismFabrizio Pregadio (ed.)

The Daode Jing is foundational scripture across organized Taoism, read in this school as a guide to inner cultivation.

Source The Encyclopedia of TaoismFabrizio Pregadio (ed.)

As the dominant Quanzhen lineage, this school inherits neidan, inner alchemy, as its central discipline, refining jing, qi and shen under its consolidated monastic rule.

Source The Taoist BodyKristofer Schipper (translated by Karen C. Duval)
Wu wei, Doctrines

Acting without forcing, so action arises from the situation rather than the ego, is a shared Taoist ideal held by this dominant Quanzhen lineage.

The Zhuangzi is part of the shared Taoist classical canon, its parables of spontaneity and non-attachment congenial to this school's contemplative discipline.

Source The Encyclopedia of TaoismFabrizio Pregadio (ed.)
Ziran, Doctrines

The self-so, things being as they are of their own accord, is affirmed as the standard the Dao itself follows, held across the Taoist schools.

Source The Encyclopedia of TaoismFabrizio Pregadio (ed.)
Sources
1. The Encyclopedia of Taoism
Fabrizio Pregadio (ed.), Routledge, 2008View the Source
Taoism: Growth of a Religion
Isabelle Robinet (trans. Phyllis Brooks), Stanford University Press, 1997the rise of Quanzhen and the Longmen lineageView the Source
Daoism Handbook
Livia Kohn (ed.), Brill, 2000the chapters on Quanzhen Daoism and its monastic institutions
Open Questions (1 open question)
How Many Clergy Belong to the Dragon Gate Lineage Specifically?

China's official Daoist registration counts ordained monastics through the China Daoist Association and individual monasteries, not by which of Quanzhen's lineages a monastic was ordained into, so Dragon Gate clergy are never broken out from the wider Quanzhen or Zhengyi totals.

What would resolve this A published survey of ordination records naming lineage affiliation across China's registered Daoist monasteries, of the kind scholars of contemporary Daoism have occasionally attempted for individual monasteries, would let a lineage-specific figure be drawn where only a combined one exists today.
Livia Kohn (ed.), Daoism Handbook
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