Divinity Atlas

Sacred Correspondences
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Chinese Deities

39 of 731 entries in Deities. Click any to see everything it connects to.

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The gods of Chinese religion, drawn from Taoism, Buddhism, state ritual and local folk practice, and often held in common by all of them. The pantheon is organised as a celestial bureaucracy of ranks, offices and appointments mirroring the imperial administration, and a deity may be promoted, demoted or newly appointed within it.

Facts
Attestation
Era of Attestation
Divine names appear in the Shang oracle-bone inscriptions of about 1250 to 1050 BCE, the earliest Chinese writing. The pantheon is documented continuously thereafter and is in worship today. 3
Veneration Today
Worshipped today in temples, at domestic altars and at festivals across the Chinese-speaking world. 2
Overview
What Defines This Grouping
The gods of Chinese religion taken across its parts rather than within one of them: the Taoist canonical pantheon, the deities of the imperial state cult, buddhas and bodhisattvas naturalised into popular worship, and the local and household gods of folk religion. The pantheon is ordered like a bureaucracy, with rank, office and promotion, and many of its members are deified humans. 2
Directory
Category
Deities 1
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The gods of Chinese religion

This group gathers the deities of Chinese folk religion, Taoism and the state cult, a pantheon organised much like an imperial bureaucracy, with a supreme heaven, ranked officials and local gods answerable upward. Figures move between Taoist, Buddhist and popular contexts, and many are deified humans elevated for merit.

The browser will find the Jade Emperor at the head of the celestial administration, the Three Pure Ones of Taoist cosmology, the Queen Mother of the West, city gods and kitchen gods, and popular protectors such as Mazu and Guan Yu. The tradition is syncretic and living, and the entries note where a figure belongs to Taoist, Buddhist or folk contexts.

Sources
2. Encyclopedia of Religion
Mircea Eliade (ed.); Lindsay Jones (ed., 2nd ed.), Macmillan Reference, 2005s.v. Chinese ReligionView the Source
3. Sources of Shang History: The Oracle-Bone Inscriptions of Bronze Age China
David N. Keightley, University of California Press, 1978chs. 1-2View the Source
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