Divinity Atlas

Sacred Correspondences
Continents

Africa

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The continent south of the Mediterranean, source of ancient Egyptian religion and a wealth of indigenous and diaspora traditions. Ptolemy knew only its northern edge, which he calls Libya and assigns to the southwest quarter and the water triplicity.

Facts
Geography
Latitude
7.2 degrees north 1
Approximate reference point, rounded to one decimal place; a large or historical region has no formal center, so this coordinate is conventional, not a precise boundary claim.
Longitude
21.1 degrees east 1
Approximate reference point, rounded to one decimal place; a large or historical region has no formal center, so this coordinate is conventional, not a precise boundary claim.
Attributions
Tradition
Ptolemy's inhabited world stops well short of the equator, so everything south of the Sahara lies outside the chorography entirely. 2Tradition: Hellenistic astrology
Tradition
The decans, the thirty six ten degree divisions of the zodiac, are an Egyptian construction taken into the Greek system, so the technique owes Egypt far more than its own map of the world suggests. 3Tradition: Hellenistic astrology
Correspondences
Zodiac Rulership
The water triplicity, Cancer, Scorpio and Pisces, for the southwest quarter, which Ptolemy calls Libya 2Tradition: Hellenistic astrology
Identity
Element
Water 2Tradition: Hellenistic astrology
Origins
Region
The Mediterranean and Saharan north alone: Numidia, Carthage, Mauretania, Gaetulia and their neighbours 2Tradition: Hellenistic astrology
Learn More
Libya, the Southwest Quarter

Ptolemy's fourth quarter, the southwest of the inhabited world, is the one he calls Libya, and he puts it in familiarity with the water triplicity, Cancer, Scorpio and Pisces. The lands he lists are the Mediterranean and Saharan north: Numidia, Carthage, Mauretania, Gaetulia and their neighbours.

That list is the whole of Africa as the scheme knows it. Ptolemy's inhabited world stops well short of the equator, and everything south of the Sahara lies outside the frame the chorography divides. So the quarter a modern retelling labels Africa covers a strip along the top of the continent, and the great majority of the landmass, along with every tradition that grew up in it, has no place in the system at all.

Egypt is the exception, and it is a large one. Egypt sits in the scheme with sign assignments of its own, and Egyptian material is woven through Hellenistic astrology at a far deeper level than the chorography suggests. The decans, the thirty six ten degree divisions of the zodiac, are an Egyptian construction taken into the Greek system, and the pseudonymous attribution of astrological texts to Egyptian authorities was a standard feature of the literature.

The atlas records both facts side by side, because they pull in opposite directions and both are true. The technique owes Egypt a great deal, and the technique's own map of the world barely sees the continent Egypt sits on.

Sources TetrabiblosClaudius Ptolemy with A History of Western AstrologyNicholas Campion

What the Chorography Cannot Reach

The gap described above is not a small one, and it is worth stating what follows from it.

An astrological chorography that stops at the Sahara has nothing to say about the divinatory and cosmological systems of the rest of the continent, and those systems are neither absent nor derivative. Ifa divination among the Yoruba, geomantic practice across West and North Africa, and the many regional traditions this atlas covers under their own entries developed on their own terms. Some of them share material with the Mediterranean world through long standing trade and through Islam, and geomancy in particular has a documented history of movement between North Africa, the Islamic world and Latin Europe. None of them is a branch of Ptolemy's system.

So this entry is deliberately narrow. It records what classical astrological chorography said about the part of Africa it knew, which is a small and specific claim, and it does not extend that claim over a continent. The African traditions the atlas holds are described where they belong, under their own names and their own sources, rather than fitted to a Mediterranean quartering that was never built to hold them.

The alternative, filling the gap with a modern assignment, would produce a table that looks complete and is not. Naming the limit is the more useful record, and it is the one this entry keeps.

Sources Ifa Divination: Communication between Gods and Men in West AfricaWilliam Bascom with Recherches sur une technique divinatoire: la geomancie dans l'Occident medievalTherese Charmasson

Cross-Tradition Connections

Associated With

This source names Africa directly: "Steed's A History of the Church in Africa, published by Cambridge University Press in 2000, is a major work of scholarship, a one volume history running to 1,232 pages."

Source A History of the Church in AfricaBengt Sundkler and Christopher Steed

This source names Africa directly: "Isichei was a historian of West Africa, and this academic book, published by Macmillan, is a comprehensive history of the Igbo people of Nigeria from the precolonial period through the colonial era..."

Source A History of the Igbo PeopleElizabeth Isichei

This source names Africa directly: "It expanded across Asia, Africa, Europe and Australia within its first year and was reaching an estimated 160 countries by 2006."

This source names Africa directly: "African Studies is the interdisciplinary study of the societies, languages, history and cultures of Africa on their own terms, given an academic home when Melville Herskovits founded the first..."

This source names Africa directly: "Africa's Ogun, Old World and New, edited by Sandra T."

Source Africa's Ogun: Old World and NewSandra T. Barnes (editor)

This source names Africa directly: "of the Congo, Uganda and South Africa and situating the building within the faith's wider history of local and national temples, including the continental Mother Temple of Africa in Uganda and a..."

This source names Africa directly: "in around 30 countries across Asia and Africa, operating without regard to the faith, origin or gender of those it serves, and is the principal vehicle through which the Nizari Ismaili Imamat..."

Source Aga Khan Development Network (Wikipedia)Wikipedia contributors
Amazigh, Pantheons

This source names Africa directly: "Amazigh, or Berber, peoples of North Africa, among them Gurzil, a war god associated with Libyan and Garamantian communities, and Ammon in his Siwan and Libyan cult centred on the oasis of Siwa..."

Source Encyclopedia of ReligionMircea Eliade (ed.); Lindsay Jones (ed., 2nd ed.)

This source names Africa directly: "the Apostolic Faith Mission of South Africa, community-edited."

Source Apostolic Faith Mission Of South Africa (Wikipedia)Wikipedia contributors

This source names Africa directly: "Azusa Street Mission, arrived in South Africa from Indianapolis in May 1908 with three companions and began ministry in Doornfontein, Johannesburg on 25 May that year."

Source Apostolic Faith Mission Of South Africa (Wikipedia)Wikipedia contributors

This source names Africa directly: "on Kikaaya Hill, the Mother Temple of Africa and the continent's first Baha'i House of Worship; not the right source for a claim about the faith's wider spread across Africa beyond Uganda..."

Source Baha'i Faith In Uganda (Wikipedia)Wikipedia contributors

This source names Africa directly: "a missionary and scholar who studied African independent churches directly through fieldwork in South Africa, and this academic book, published by Oxford University Press for the International..."

Source Bantu Prophets in South AfricaBengt G. M. Sundkler

This source names Africa directly: "on its transnational ties to West Africa and the role of women in its priesthood, rather than describing Candomble as a generic Afro-diasporic tradition."

This source names Africa directly: "caliphs moved their capital from North Africa to Cairo."

Source Two Folios from the Blue Qur'an, AKM477 (Aga Khan Museum)Aga Khan Museum, catalogue entry

This source names Africa directly: "The Culture and History of a South African People, published by University of Chicago Press in 1985, is a peer reviewed ethnographic and historical study of Zionist church practice among the Tshidi..."

This source names Africa directly: "operating as the Islamic State West Africa Province and a rump faction that remained under Shekau until his 2021 death."

This source names Africa directly: "Boko Haram: The History of an African Jihadist Movement, Alexander Thurston's 2018 scholarly history from Princeton University Press, Princeton Studies in Muslim Politics, is the first full academic..."

Cancer, Zodiac Signs

Cancer, of the water triplicity, in familiarity with the southwest quarter Ptolemy calls Libya.

Source TetrabiblosClaudius Ptolemy

This source names Africa directly: "Study of Contemporary Practices in Africa, Aleksandra Cimpric's 2010 report for UNICEF's West and Central Africa Regional Office, is a field study documenting present day child witchcraft..."

This source names Africa directly: "where a boy died, and in South Africa; it states the Church's response was "wholly ineffective and amounted to a coverup," apologises for its handling of disclosures in 2013 and 2017, and commits to..."

This source names Africa directly: "of the Modern Middle East and North Africa, accessed via Encyclopedia.com and published by the Gale Group, is a general reference encyclopedia article on the Cairo museum's holdings and history."

This source names Africa directly: "28.8 percent in 2020, as Sub-Saharan Africa overtook Europe as home to the largest share of the world's Christians."

This source names Africa directly: "South African History Online's reference article on the Dutch Reformed Church (DRC/NGK) in South Africa."

Source Dutch Reformed Church (DRC) (South African History Online)South African History Online

This source names Africa directly: "and the largest Lutheran body in Africa."

This source names Africa directly: "in the world and the largest in East Africa."

Source Evangelical Lutheran Church in Tanzania (Wikipedia)Wikipedia contributors

This source names Africa directly: "Symposium of Episcopal Conferences of Africa and Madagascar on Fiducia Supplicans, issued by SECAM in 2024, is the primary document itself, the African bishops' own formal statement explaining their..."

Source Final communique of the Symposium of Episcopal Conferences of Africa and Madagascar on Fiducia SupplicansSymposium of Episcopal Conferences of Africa and Madagascar (SECAM)the holders' own account

This source names Africa directly: "as a young lawyer in South Africa through his leadership of India's nonviolent independence movement to his assassination on January 30, 1948."

Source Gandhi (1982 film) (Wikipedia)Wikipedia contributors

This source names Africa directly: "Jewish historical sites across North Africa, the Middle East and Central Asia."

This source names Africa directly: "as a living tradition spanning West Africa and the Caribbean, developed with direct input from Vodou practitioners, community leaders, priests and priestesses, and cultural experts from both..."

This source names Africa directly: "and Christian religious life in East Africa traced through documented history rather than missionary categories imported from outside."

This source names Africa directly: "in more than eighty languages across Africa, Asia, Europe, South America and the Pacific by the 2020s, each producing programming contextualized to its own local language and culture around..."

This source names Africa directly: "policy across newly independent East African states restricting non-citizen commerce, forced the Jain community that had built businesses and temples across Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania over the..."

Source Jainism In Africa (Wikipedia)Wikipedia contributors

This source names Africa directly: "in more than 60 countries across Africa, eastern Europe, the Middle East and the United States and Caribbean."

This source names Africa directly: "center of gravity shifted toward Africa, which grew from 7.718 million to 56.947 million."

This source names Africa directly: "Saharan trade carried Islam into West Africa gradually from the eleventh century, and it became the religion of the Malian court and merchant class by the empire's height under Mansa Musa."

Source Corpus of Early Arabic Sources for West African HistoryNehemia Levtzion and J. F. P. Hopkins (eds.)

This source names Africa directly: "Tariq ibn Ziyad crossed from North Africa into Iberia in April 711 and defeated the Visigothic king Roderic."

This source names Africa directly: "mystical current across Central Asia, Africa and South Asia."

This source names Africa directly: "Wikipedia's article on Jainism in Africa, community-edited."

Source Jainism In Africa (Wikipedia)Wikipedia contributors

This source names Africa directly: "gateway between India and East Africa, built the Shri Zanzibar Katcchi Jain Temple in 1905 and consecrated murtis of Parsvanath, Shantinath and Mahaveerswami there, the first Jain images consecrated..."

Source Zanzibar Derasar (Jain Treasures)Jain Treasures

This source names Africa directly: "its communities across North Africa, the Ottoman Empire and the rest of Europe."

Source History Of The Jews In Spain (Wikipedia)Wikipedia contributors

This source names Africa directly: "and refugee crises across Asia, Africa, Europe and the Americas, operating without regard to the faith or nationality of those it serves."

Khoikhoi, Pantheons

This source names Africa directly: "of Khoikhoi religion in southern Africa."

Source Encyclopedia of ReligionMircea Eliade (ed.); Lindsay Jones (ed., 2nd ed.)

This source names Africa directly: "White Queen: Victorian Britain through African Eyes, Neil Parsons's 1998 scholarly history from the University of Chicago Press, is a full length academic history of Khama III, Bathoen and Sebele's..."

This source names Africa directly: "biblical prophecy of a returning African king."

Source Rastafari (Wikipedia)Wikipedia contributors

This source names Africa directly: "across nearly thirty countries in Africa, Asia, the Middle East and the Americas, focused on smallholder agriculture, climate adaptation and emergency response, and is a member of the Corus..."

Source Lutheran World Relief (Wikipedia)Wikipedia contributors

This source names Africa directly: "livelihoods across country programs in Africa, Asia, Europe, the Middle East, and Latin America and the Caribbean, coordinated from Geneva, Switzerland, with emergency hubs in Yaounde, Cameroon and..."

Source For Hope and a Future: LWF World Service 2024 Annual ReportThe Lutheran World Federation, World Service

This source names Africa directly: "where a boy died, and in South Africa; and that the Church's response, once senior officers learned of the abuse through a 1982 report, was "wholly ineffective and amounted to a coverup." Smyth was..."

This source names Africa directly: "and long-term development work across Africa, the Americas, Asia, Europe and the Middle East and North Africa."

Source Malteser International (Wikipedia)Wikipedia contributors
Manichaean, Pantheons

This source names Africa directly: "Manichaean missions carried this cosmology from Roman North Africa to Central Asia and southern China, but the religion did not survive as a living tradition."

Source Encyclopedia of ReligionMircea Eliade (ed.); Lindsay Jones (ed., 2nd ed.)

This source names Africa directly: "a vast geographic range from North Africa to Central Asia and China."

Source Manichaeism: An Ancient Faith RediscoveredNicholas Baker-Brian

This source names Africa directly: "in Egypt before reaching Syria, North Africa and Italy."

This source names Africa directly: "dedicated to the arts and cultures of Africa, Asia, Oceania and the Americas, opened in 2006 to the design of the architect Jean Nouvel and renamed in 2016 for the French president who championed..."

Source Musee du quai Branly - Jacques Chirac (institutional record)Musee du quai Branly - Jacques Chiracthe holders' own account

This source names Africa directly: "nearly 370,000 objects are drawn from Africa, the Near East, Asia, Oceania and the Americas."

Source Musee du quai Branly - Jacques Chirac (institutional record)Musee du quai Branly - Jacques Chiracthe holders' own account

This source names Africa directly: "the reading used across North and West Africa to this day, so a printed Quran in Morocco differs in detail from one in Cairo because of him."

Source The Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd editionP. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C. E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W. P. Heinrichs (eds.)

This source names Africa directly: "Boko Haram and the Islamic State West Africa Province."

This source names Africa directly: "by the British Institute in Eastern Africa in 2002, is the standard archaeological account of the Nyanga terraced field and settlement complex in Zimbabwe, including Mount Nyangani, based on Soper's..."

This source names Africa directly: "Robin Law is a historian of West Africa, and this Ohio University Press book is his standard scholarly history of Ouidah, the West African port through which a substantial share of the Atlantic..."

This source names Africa directly: "historian of precolonial Central Africa, combined comparative linguistics with oral tradition and archaeology to trace political history across a region with few written records of its own."

This source names Africa directly: "its greatest growth in Latin America, Africa and Asia."

This source names Africa directly: "Faith Mission it seeded in South Africa, the 1914 founding of the Assemblies of God, and Swedish missionary work establishing the movement in Brazil."

Pisces, Zodiac Signs

Pisces, of the water triplicity, in familiarity with the southwest quarter.

Source TetrabiblosClaudius Ptolemy

This source names Africa directly: "the Zion Christian Church, South Africa's largest African Initiated Church."

This source names Africa directly: "founders of colonial and postcolonial Africa, the Pacific and the Americas, and the twentieth century's new religious movements."

This source names Africa directly: "khagans and dynastic founders of Africa, the Americas and Asia whose reigns intersected the traditions this atlas covers."

This source names Africa directly: "for Mami Wata and Other Divinities in Africa and the Diaspora, edited by Henry John Drewal and published by Indiana University Press in 2008, is an edited scholarly volume on the water spirit Mami..."

This source names Africa directly: "the Sande women's association of West Africa, published in Bennetta Jules-Rosette's edited volume The New Religions of Africa through Ablex Publishing in Norwood, New Jersey."

Source Sande: The Public Face of a Secret SocietyCarol P. MacCormack
Scorpio, Zodiac Signs

Scorpio, of the water triplicity, in familiarity with the southwest quarter.

Source TetrabiblosClaudius Ptolemy

This source names Africa directly: "Sotho and Tswana peoples of southern Africa, spread across South Africa, Lesotho and Botswana."

Source Encyclopedia of ReligionMircea Eliade (ed.); Lindsay Jones (ed., 2nd ed.)

This source names Africa directly: "informants in nineteenth century South Africa, and this 1911 volume is their foundational collection and translation of southern African San oral folklore, recorded in the informants' own words with..."

Source Specimens of Bushman FolkloreW. H. I. Bleek and L. C. Lloyd

This source names Africa directly: "across North America, Europe and Africa."

This source names Africa directly: "across the Communion's provinces in Africa, the Americas, Asia, Europe and Oceania."

This source names Africa directly: "Dioceses multiplied across British India, Africa, Australia and the Pacific through the nineteenth century, and by 1867 the communion of churches this growth had produced was substantial enough that..."

Source A History of Global AnglicanismKevin Ward

This source names Africa directly: "Azusa Street in Los Angeles, under the African American preacher William J."

This source names Africa directly: "had begun with the Mother Temple of Africa already on this atlas's map, and it opened to the public the following week."

Source Santiago Baha'i Temple (Wikipedia)Wikipedia contributors
The Berbers, Sources

This source names Africa directly: "a standard scholarly history of North Africa's indigenous Amazigh peoples from antiquity through the modern period, written by two historians with specialist command of the classical, Arabic and..."

Source The BerbersMichael Brett and Elizabeth Fentress

This source names Africa directly: "of Christianity across sub-Saharan Africa, and the documentation itself carries a real bias worth naming honestly: missionary society records structurally foreground the European missionaries whose..."

Source A History of the Church in AfricaBengt Sundkler and Christopher Steed

This source names Africa directly: "The Church Struggle in South Africa, John W."

Source The Church Struggle in South AfricaJohn W. de Gruchy (25th anniversary edition with Steve de Gruchy)

This source names Africa directly: "Apartheid became law in South Africa in 1948, and the Dutch Reformed Church supported the system that institutionalized racial separation and stratification, providing much of its theological..."

Source Dutch Reformed Church (DRC) (South African History Online)South African History Online

This source names Africa directly: "Isidore Okpewho's The Epic in Africa is a foundational scholarly study by a Nigerian literary scholar arguing, against an earlier assumption that epic was a peculiarly European or Homeric form, that..."

This source names Africa directly: "the largest Lutheran body anywhere in Africa, reversing the movement's center of gravity away from the German, Scandinavian and North American establishments this atlas's earlier Lutheranism events..."

This source names Africa directly: "world and the largest anywhere in East Africa, behind only Ethiopia's Mekane Yesus church among Lutheran bodies worldwide."

Source Evangelical Lutheran Church in Tanzania (Wikipedia)Wikipedia contributors

This source names Africa directly: "the continental Mother Temple of Africa in Uganda and a local House of Worship already opened in Kenya."

This source names Africa directly: "rule across the Near East and North Africa into Iberia."

This source names Africa directly: "Robin Horton's 1963 journal article in Africa, is Horton's own dedicated study of the Kalabari Ekine, or Sekiapu, society, the masked water spirit performance institution he wrote on as a long term..."

This source names Africa directly: "Thornton is a historian of Africa and the African diaspora, and this Cambridge University Press book is the standard scholarly monograph on Dona Beatriz Kimpa Vita, the Kongolese prophet who led the..."

This source names Africa directly: "The Languages and Linguistics of Africa, edited by Tom Guldemann, is a major scholarly reference surveying the continent's language families, their classification, structure and history, written by..."

Source The Languages and Linguistics of AfricaTom Guldemann (ed.)

This source names Africa directly: "carried the church into Latin America, Africa and Asia at a pace its earlier nineteenth century European missions had never matched."

Source The Oxford Handbook of MormonismTerryl L. Givens and Philip L. Barlow (eds.)

This source names Africa directly: "chapter in Protest and Power in Black Africa, edited by Robert I."

Source The Lumpa Church of Alice Lenshina (in Protest and Power in Black Africa)Andrew Roberts, in Robert I. Rotberg and Ali A. Mazrui (eds.)

This source names Africa directly: "Hurewitz's edited volume The Middle East and North Africa in World Politics: A Documentary Record, Yale University Press, 1975, is a scholarly documentary collection."

This source names Africa directly: "with San rock art in southern Africa the author researched directly himself."

This source names Africa directly: "people into exile, mostly to North Africa, ending Muslim presence in Spain as a living population."

This source names Africa directly: "to establish the faith across the African continent."

Source Baha'i Faith In Uganda (Wikipedia)Wikipedia contributors

This source names Africa directly: "in Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East, a Duke University Press journal, 2005, is peer-reviewed academic scholarship."

This source names Africa directly: "Boko Haram and the Islamic State West Africa Province."

Source Nonstate Violators of Religious Freedom in Nigeria: Fulani MilitantsUnited States Commission on International Religious Freedom

This source names Africa directly: "expansion of organised Islam in West Africa since the medieval Mali Empire."

Source Sokoto Caliphate (Wikipedia)Wikipedia contributors

This source names Africa directly: "its actual historical spread into West Africa, working from the order's own documented history and expansion rather than a general survey of Sufism."

The Tswana, Sources

This source names Africa directly: "Comaroff, International African Institute, Ethnographic Survey of Africa, 1953, is the standard ethnographic survey of Tswana society and religion, covering Modimo, badimo ancestor veneration..."

Source The TswanaIsaac Schapera (Part Two, covering 1953-85, by John L. Comaroff)

This source names Africa directly: "generally higher across sub-Saharan Africa than in South or Southeast Asia, the Middle East or Central Asia, with no single country's figure standing in for a worldwide total since sectarian and..."

This source names Africa directly: "in the peer reviewed journal Africa in 1960, is a scholarly study of the Ogboni society's religious and political role among the Yoruba of Oyo."

Source The Yoruba Ogboni Cult in OyoPeter Morton-Williams

This source names Africa directly: "22 of 2007, published in the Republic of South Africa's Government Gazette in 2008, is the actual statutory text establishing formal legal recognition and a regulatory council for traditional..."

Source Traditional Health Practitioners Act, No. 22 of 2007Republic of South Africa

This source names Africa directly: "race, and the Dutch Reformed Church in Africa, founded in 1963 for Black members, united to form the Uniting Reformed Church in Southern Africa."

This source names Africa directly: "University Press for the International African Institute, a body that supported serious ethnographic research in Africa."

Source Two Studies of Ifa DivinationPeter Morton-Williams, William Bascom and E. M. McClelland

This source names Africa directly: "Uniting Reformed Church in Southern Africa, community-edited."

This source names Africa directly: "Uniting Reformed Church in Southern Africa, stating that URCSA was established in 1994 through the merger of the Dutch Reformed Mission Church and the Dutch Reformed Church in Africa, both descended..."

This source names Africa directly: "virginity testing in southern Africa."

This source names Africa directly: "vary considerably across West Africa and its diaspora, so a claim about Vodun practice elsewhere needs a source focused on that specific region instead."

Water, Elements

The water triplicity governs the southwest quarter of the inhabited world.

Source TetrabiblosClaudius Ptolemy

This source names Africa directly: "A 2014 analysis for the Wilson Center's Africa Program arguing that religious identity became a marker of factional loyalty during the Central African Republic's conflict rather than the conflict's..."

This source names Africa directly: "his 1984 move, in Zimbabwe and South Africa; that the review found an "active cover-up" by Church officers who learned of the abuse through a 1982 report by the Reverend Mark Ruston; that the..."

Source Wikipedia: Makin ReviewWikipedia contributors

This source names Africa directly: "and neighboring parts of northeast Africa and the southern Arabian Peninsula, to seize a person, most often a woman, and cause illness, distress or altered behavior until placated through the zar..."

This source names Africa directly: "and this University of South Africa Press book is his academic study of the African Initiated Churches of southern Africa, including the Zion Christian Church and other Zionist and Apostolic..."

This source names Africa directly: "among Zulu communities in South Africa, and this academic study, published by C."

Source Zulu Thought-Patterns and SymbolismAxel-Ivar Berglund

Contrasts With

Americas, Continents

Africa holds the southwest quarter, at least in its northern strip. The Americas hold no quarter at all.

Source TetrabiblosClaudius Ptolemy
Global, Continents

Global is not a landmass. It marks material whose spread crosses the continents rather than belonging to one of them.

Source A History of Western AstrologyNicholas Campion

Spread Events Here

A diffuse shift across Africa, Latin America and Asia together, away from Europe and North America. The map places this in Africa as the single largest component of the wider shift, a simplification named here rather than hidden.

Sources
1. Encyclopaedia Britannica (online academic reference)
Encyclopaedia Britannica editors, Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc., 2024View the Source
2. Tetrabiblos
Claudius Ptolemy, W. Foulsham, 1900Book II, on the familiarities of countries with the triplicities and starsView the Source
3. Hellenistic Astrology: The Study of Fate and Fortune
Chris Brennan, Amor Fati Publications, 2017View the Source
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The atlas records no dated fact of its own for this entry, so there is no other year to choose.