This source names Syria directly: "Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic under the United Nations Human Rights Council in June 2016, is the UN's own formal investigative report documenting the Islamic State's campaign..."
Source "They Came to Destroy": ISIS Crimes Against the YazidisIndependent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic, United Nations
This source names Syria directly: "Downey's A History of Antioch in Syria from Seleucus to the Arab Conquest, Princeton University Press, 1961, is a scholarly history."
Source A History of Antioch in Syria from Seleucus to the Arab ConquestGlanville Downey
This source names Syria directly: "and British involvement in Ottoman Syria."
Source Divinity Atlas Original Articles, Second Edition
About 10% Christian across various ancient rites, dating to the earliest use of the name Christian in Antioch.
Source Religious Composition of the World, 2010-2020Pew Research Center
This source names Syria directly: "on the Euphrates in present day Syria, whose walls were covered floor to ceiling in painted scenes from the Hebrew Bible when the building was enlarged and redecorated in 244 or 245 CE, as recorded..."
Source Kraeling, "The Synagogue" (Dura-Europos Final Report VIII, Part I), 1956Carl H. Kraeling
This source names Syria directly: "the province of Judea was renamed Syria Palaestina to sever its name from the Jewish people, and Jews were barred from entering the rebuilt city of Jerusalem, itself renamed Aelia Capitolina."
Source Menahem Mor, The Second Jewish Revolt: The Bar Kokhba War, 132-136 CE (2016)Menahem Mor
Before 2011, roughly 74% Sunni Muslim with an 11% Alawite minority.
Source Religious Composition of the World, 2010-2020Pew Research Center
This source names Syria directly: "foothold in Egypt before reaching Syria, North Africa and Italy."
Source Manichaeism (New Catholic Encyclopedia, via Encyclopedia.com)J. Ries
This source names Syria directly: "under his own control (Egypt, Syria and Asia Minor) later that year, making martyrs of bishops and other Christians through 311 and 312, promoting a pagan revival through temple restoration and..."
Source Divinity Atlas Original Articles, Second Edition
This source names Syria directly: "The stele was excavated at Ras Shamra (ancient Ugarit), northern Syria, by Claude Schaeffer's mission in 1932."
Source Mission Ougarit's Own Video Page for La Stele du Ba'al au Foudre, with the Louvre's Own Catalogue
This source names Syria directly: "through his adolescent journey to Syria and encounter with the Christian monk Bahira."
Source Wikipedia, "Muhammad: The Messenger of God (film)"Wikipedia contributors
This source names Syria directly: "the Byzantine-ruled provinces of Syria and Palestine."
Source The Great Arab Conquests: How the Spread of Islam Changed the World We Live InHugh Kennedy
This source names Syria directly: "Mongol Ilkhanate, whose own raids into Syria briefly pressured the Mamluk Sultan Baibars, but his army was too small to retake significant territory, and he survived an assassination attempt by a..."
Source God's War: A New History of the CrusadesChristopher Tyerman
This source names Syria directly: "From Antioch in Syria, the apostle Paul, together with Barnabas, Silas and others across three separate journeys, carried the Christian movement west across Cyprus and the cities of south-central..."
Source The New Testament, Acts of the ApostlesAnonymous
This source names Syria directly: "after which Rome renamed the province Syria Palaestina, mark Roman Judaea as one of the single most consequential Roman provinces in the history of both Judaism and Christianity."
Source The Oxford Classical Dictionary, 4th editionSimon Hornblower, Antony Spawforth and Esther Eidinow (eds.)
This source names Syria directly: "stele from Ugarit (modern Ras Shamra, Syria), showing the storm and rain god Baal, also known as Hadad, in a striding pose on a pedestal carved with mountains and sea, symbols of his dominion over..."
Source Collections du Musee du Louvre (online collection database)Musee du Louvre
This source names Syria directly: "of the French Mandate period in Syria and Lebanon, which records a separate 1923 Alawite census counting 173,000 Alawites."
Source Syria and Lebanon Under French Mandate (Longrigg, 1958)Stephen Hemsley Longrigg
This source names Syria directly: "the excavation of Ugarit (Ras Shamra, Syria), covering tablet RS 15.30 and its joining fragments, held in the National Museum of Damascus."
Source Tablet RS 15.30+, the Hurrian Hymn to Nikkal (French Ministry of Culture, Ugarit Excavation Portal)
This source names Syria directly: "the call to "go forth," and crossing Syria, Lebanon and Jordan before passing through Jerusalem and ending at Abraham's traditional tomb at Hebron."
Source Encyclopaedia Britannica (online academic reference)Encyclopaedia Britannica editors
This source names Syria directly: "both Muslims and Jews in medieval Syria, drawing on primary sources from both religious communities to show how devotional practices around holy sites were sometimes shared or paralleled across..."
Source The Cult of Saints among Muslims and Jews in Medieval SyriaJosef W. Meri
This source names Syria directly: "it once controlled in Iraq and Syria and now operates as a geographically dispersed insurgent network, with provinces in Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique, Somalia, Mali and..."
Source The Islamic State in the First Half of 2026 (Daniele Garofalo Monitoring)Daniele Garofalo
This source names Syria directly: "the Alawite, or Nusayri, minority of Syria, a group whose specific doctrine has historically been kept closed to outsiders."
Source The Nusayri-Alawis: An Introduction to the Religion, History and Identity of the Leading Minority in SyriaYaron Friedman
This source names Syria directly: "Johann Ludwig Burckhardt's Travels in Syria and the Holy Land, published by John Murray in 1822, is a primary travel account, published after Burckhardt's own death from the notes of his journeys."
Source Travels in Syria and the Holy LandJohann Ludwig Burckhardt
The caliphate ruled from Damascus from 661 to 750, and its great mosque there was built by Abd al-Malik's son al-Walid.
Source The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the Sixth to the Eleventh CenturyHugh Kennedy
This source names Syria directly: "that the State Department name Syria to the Special Watch List for severe violations of religious freedom under the International Religious Freedom Act, citing threats to religious minorities from..."
Source USCIRF, 2025 Syria Policy UpdateUnited States Commission on International Religious Freedom