Divinity Atlas

Sacred Correspondences
Palm Mounts

Lower Mount of Mars

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Origin 1100 to 1200

The Lower Mount of Mars is one of two mounts, alongside the Upper Mount of Mars, that Western palmistry assigns to the planet Mars, and it sits above the thumb, inside the Life line and below the Mount of Jupiter. Chiromancy reads it as the seat of physical courage, aggression and the impulse to initiate conflict, in contrast to the passive endurance read from the Upper Mount of Mars on the opposite side of the palm. Between the two Mars mounts lies the Plain of Mars, the flatter central area of the palm, completing Mars's unusual claim to three separate zones of the hand rather than the single mount given to each of the other planets. As with the rest of palmistry, this reading is a traditional interpretive practice rather than an empirically established one.

Facts
Origins
Origin Period
1100 to 1200 1Tradition: Medieval Latin chiromancy
Origin PeriodSourced to the subject's own account
1522 2Tradition: Renaissance printed chiromancy (Johannes ab Indagine, 1522)
Origin PeriodSourced to the subject's own account
1843 to 1859 3Tradition: French chirognomy and chiromancy (d'Arpentigny and Desbarrolles)
Origin Period
Named within twelfth-century medieval Latin chiromancy, adopted into Johannes ab Indagine's 1522 Renaissance manual, and given its modern form in the French chirognomy of Desbarrolles and d'Arpentigny between 1843 and 1859. 1
Attributed Author / CompilerSourced to the subject's own account
Casimir Stanislas d'Arpentigny, who published La Chirognomonie in 1843 and classified hands by shape, and Adolphe Desbarrolles, who published Les Mysteres de la Main in 1859 and systematised the lines and mounts. The interpretive vocabulary the atlas records is theirs; the popular English form is Cheiro's. 4
Origin of the NameSourced to the subject's own account
As with the upper, the division exists because the planet's significations were felt to need more than one place on the palm 2
Origin of the NameSourced to the subject's own account
Named for the planet Mars, the lower of the two martial mounts 2
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The Lower Mount of Mars

The Lower Mount of Mars, also called Mars positive or Mars active, lies on the thumb side of the palm between the Mount of Jupiter and the Mount of Venus, inside the origin of the life line. The tradition claims for it aggression, physical courage, initiative and a readiness for conflict, the active counterpart of the upper mount's endurance.

As with every element of the scheme, the claim is the tradition's and there is no evidence for it. It is worth adding that palm creases do have a genuine medical significance in one narrow respect: certain patterns, notably the single transverse palmar crease, occur with raised frequency in some chromosomal conditions including Down syndrome, and dermatoglyphics is a real if limited field. That fact is sometimes cited as though it supported palmistry generally. It does not; it concerns crease formation in embryonic development and says nothing about character or future events.

What the Lower Mount of Mars Actually Is

The mounts are named for the seven classical planets, and that naming is the clearest fingerprint of where the modern system comes from. Reading the hand and reading the sky were fused in the chiromancy of the later medieval and early modern period, and the planetary vocabulary entered from astrology rather than from any independent tradition of hand reading. Where a system's parts are borrowed, the borrowing is usually visible in what it calls them.

The Lower Mount of Mars is anatomically the area inside the life line above the thumb, at the edge of the thenar muscle. It shades into the Mount of Venus without a boundary that anatomy would recognise, and different chiromantic authorities divide the region differently.

Two things follow. Mount prominence is strongly affected by build, by handedness and by manual labour, none of which the chiromantic reading isolates, so a reader judging a mount is judging a physique as much as anything else. And the planetary names carry astrological meanings in with them: what a mount is said to signify tends to be what its planet signifies, which means the mount system inherits its content rather than deriving it. The atlas sets out the tradition's own reading elsewhere on this page. Here it records what the structure actually is and where the name came from.

Sources Introductiones apotelesmaticae elegantes in chyromantiam, physiognomiam, astrologiam naturalem, complexiones hominum, naturas planetarumJohannes ab Indagine (Johannes Rosenbach) with Kaplan's Functional and Surgical Anatomy of the HandEmanuel B. Kaplan, 3rd edition revised by Morton Spinner

Cross-Tradition Connections

Disciplines That Use This

Palmistry, Disciplines

The mounts of the palm.

Source Man, Myth and MagicRichard Cavendish (ed.)
Sources
1. The Earliest Chiromancy in the West
Charles S. F. Burnett, Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 50, 189-195, 1987on the twelfth-century Latin texts and their Arabic transmissionView the Source
2. Introductiones apotelesmaticae elegantes in chyromantiam, physiognomiam, astrologiam naturalem, complexiones hominum, naturas planetarum
Johannes ab Indagine (Johannes Rosenbach), Johannes Schott, Strasbourg, 1522the chiromantic section: the mounts and their planetary rulers
3. Les Mysteres de la Main
Adolphe Desbarrolles, E. Dentu, 1859the lower Mount of MarsView the Source
4. La Chirognomonie, ou l'art de reconnaitre les tendances de l'intelligence d'apres les formes de la main
Casimir Stanislas d'Arpentigny, C. Le Clere, 1843the seven hand types and the plan of the work
Kaplan's Functional and Surgical Anatomy of the Hand
Emanuel B. Kaplan, 3rd edition revised by Morton Spinner, J. B. Lippincott, 1984the Lower Mount of Mars: anatomical location and structureView the Source
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