Divinity Atlas

Sacred Correspondences
Sephiroth

Severity

geh-BOO-rah

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Origin 1270 to 1300

Geburah means Severity (also translated Strength or Power), the fifth Sephirah, on the Pillar of Severity below Binah. Its divine name is Elohim Gibor, its archangel is Kamael, and its angelic order is the Seraphim, the Fiery Serpents; its planet is Mars, the warrior and disciplinarian. It is the sphere of judgment, restraint, and the necessary destruction that clears away what is corrupt or outworn.

As a sphere of experience Geburah is power, courage, discipline, and severity: the surgeon's knife and the just enforcement of law. It is the counterweight to the boundless mercy of Chesed, and the two together keep the Tree in balance, for mercy without severity dissolves into indulgence and severity without mercy hardens into cruelty. It is symbolized by the number five, the pentagon, the sword, and the mighty warrior, and it governs the will to cut away, to defend, and to correct.

Facts
Origins
Origin Period
1270 to 1300 1Tradition: Zoharic Kabbalah
Origin PeriodSourced to the subject's own account
1888 to 1900 2Tradition: Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn
Origin Period
200 to 600 CE 1Tradition: Sefer Yetzirah, where the ten sefirot are first enumerated
Origin Period
Geburah appears among the Sefer Yetzirah's original ten Sephiroth of Nothingness, a text Scholem places between the second and sixth century CE and which survives in recensions that do not agree in every particular. 1
Origin Period
Geburah's place in the now-standard system of ten Sephiroth, with the specific divine name, archangel and planetary associations recorded on this page, crystallizes in the Zoharic literature that Scholem locates in Castile between 1270 and 1300. 1
Origin PeriodSourced to the subject's own account
The Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn, founded in 1888, fixed Geburah's place within its own ceremonial correspondence system by 1900, the scheme this atlas follows for Geburah's Golden Dawn associations. 2Tradition: Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn
Place of Origin
Sefer Yetzirah tradition, late-antique Near East 1
Place of Origin
Sefirotic system developed in Provence and Castile 1
Place of Origin
Western correspondences added in London 1
Language
Biblical Hebrew 1
Language
Aramaic 1
Attributions
Ruling PlanetSourced to the subject's own account
Mars 2Tradition: Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn
Divine NameSourced to the subject's own account
Elohim Gibor 2Tradition: Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn
IncenseSourced to the subject's own account
Tobacco 3Tradition: Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn
GemstoneSourced to the subject's own account
Ruby 3Tradition: Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn
PlantSourced to the subject's own account
Oak 3Tradition: Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn
Queen Scale ColourSourced to the subject's own account
Scarlet Red 2Tradition: Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn
Tree of Life PillarSourced to the subject's own account
Pillar of Severity 2
Identity
Position
5 of 10 1
Also Known As
Geburah 1
Also Known As
Gevurah 1
Learn More
Geburah, Severity

Geburah, Severity or strength, is the fifth sefirah, the counterweight to Chesed and the necessary discipline of the Tree. It heads the left-hand Pillar of Severity beneath Binah and expresses judgement, restraint, power and the setting of limits, the divine severity that prunes, restricts and destroys what must not continue, so that mercy's boundless outflow is given form and justice. It is also called Din, judgement, or Pachad, fear.

In the Kabbalistic understanding Geburah is not evil but essential: without the cutting-back of severity the generosity of Chesed would run to formlessness, and the Kabbalists located the origin of evil precisely in severity unbalanced, judgement divorced from mercy. Its divine name is Elohim Gibor, the God of might or of battles. The sefirah takes its place in the doctrine named in the Sefer Yetzirah and developed across the medieval and early-modern Kabbalah; Geburah is the martial, disciplinary power of the divine, the strong hand and the sword, held in tension with the open hand of Chesed across the central axis of the Tree.

Sources The ZoharTraditionally attributed to Moses de Leon with Sefer Yetzirah: The Book of Creation in Theory and PracticeAryeh Kaplan

Geburah and the Western Correspondences

Geburah is assigned the planet Mars, and no attribution in the system is more transparent: Mars, the classical planet of war, force, aggression and cutting energy, is the exact planetary counterpart of the sefirah of severity, judgement and the sword. In the Golden Dawn scheme of 1888 and in Liber 777, Geburah's colour is red, and it corresponds to the four Fives of the tarot suits, the fives being, across the deck, the cards of conflict, loss and struggle, in keeping with the martial character of the sphere. The Mars pairing makes Geburah the seat of strength, courage and the destructive power that clears the way for renewal.

As everywhere on the Tree, the distinction of provenance holds: Geburah as the fifth sefirah, its name Elohim Gibor, and its theological role as divine severity are Jewish Kabbalah, whereas the assignment to Mars, to a tarot rank and to a colour scale is Hermetic Qabalah, the 1888 Western magical systematisation. The severity of Geburah is a doctrine of the divine nature in the one tradition and a category of ceremonial correspondence in the other.

Cross-Tradition Connections

Associated With

Khamael, Archangels

Khamael is set over Geburah, the sphere of Severity, Strength and Mars, presiding over judgment, discipline and the destruction that clears away corruption.

Found In

Geburah, Severity, sits on this pillar and gives it its common name.

Originates in Language

Aramaic, Languages
Source Major Trends in Jewish MysticismGershom Scholem
Source Major Trends in Jewish MysticismGershom Scholem
Sources
1. Major Trends in Jewish Mysticism
Gershom Scholem, Schocken Books, 1961the doctrine of the ten Sefirot, s.v. GeburahView the Source
2. The Golden Dawn: The Original Account of the Teachings, Rites, and Ceremonies of the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn, 6th edition
Israel Regardie, Llewellyn, 1989the tables of correspondence: the four colour scales, the divine and angelic names and the tarot attributionsView the Source
3. Liber 777
Aleister Crowley, Walter Scott, 1909View the Source

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