Roman Catholicism

Roman Catholicism is held in most Andean communities together with the huaca, Pachamama and apu complex rather than in place of it.

Benedictine monk of Bec and Archbishop of Canterbury (1093 to 1109); canonized, and declared a Doctor of the Church in 1720.

Keeper of the Shroud of Turin since 1578, with ownership passed to the Holy See in 1983.

One of the seven pilgrimage churches of Rome, keeping Passion relics traditionally associated with Helena's collecting.

A Catholic parish church keeping the Holy Tunic venerated as the garment Jesus wore at his crucifixion.

Christianity, in its Catholic form, has been theirs for many centuries; the Society of Jesus was founded by a Basque.

The French crown enforced Catholic religious uniformity in the Cevennes after 1685, and the war was fought against that campaign of forced conversion.

Keeps the Sudarium of Oviedo, venerated as the head cloth of Jesus, within the Camara Santa.

This source names Roman Catholicism directly: "own library research guide on Roman Catholicism in western Pennsylvania records that a February 1967 student retreat organized by Ralph Keifer and William Storey at the Ark and the Dove retreat..."

Pope from 1523 to 1534.

From the excommunication decree of 1949 through Ostpolitik to John Paul II and Solidarity, the Catholic Church was a principal actor on the religious front.

The decrees Haec sancta and Frequens issued here are the high point of the conciliar claim against papal authority.

The targeted tradition. This is an Associated With edge to the tradition that was persecuted, not a perpetrator-tradition edge; the perpetrator was the liberal Ecuadorian state.

Clovis accepted Catholic rather than Arian Christianity around the turn of the sixth century, aligning the kingdom with the bishops of Gaul.

The established Catholic Church, alongside the region's secular princes, was among the authorities the rebels' Twelve Articles challenged.

Green is the vestment colour of Ordinary Time in the Roman Rite, the weeks that fall outside the Christmas and Easter cycles and their preparatory seasons. It is by a wide margin the commonest colour of the liturgical year.

The targeted tradition. This is an Associated With edge to the tradition that was persecuted, not a perpetrator-tradition edge; the perpetrator was the liberal Guatemalan state.

Emperors were crowned by popes and fought them for the right to invest bishops, a contest settled in form at Worms in 1122.

The Avignon papacy and the Western Schism ran through the war, and Joan of Arc was condemned by a Catholic tribunal in 1431 and canonised by the same church in 1920.

Five successive popes authorized crusades against the Hussites, and the institutional Catholic Church, through the Council of Basel, was the party that ultimately negotiated the settlement permitting Utraquist practice.

This source names Roman Catholic Church directly: "The Roman Catholic Church in Austria's own official explanation of the Kirchenbeitrag, the mandatory contribution owed by registered members under the 1939 Church Contribution Act, roughly one..."

Catholicism followed after 1697, with Maya practice continuing beside it.

Joachim of Fiore composed and taught this calculation as a Catholic abbot in good standing and was never condemned in his own lifetime; only a later, posthumously attributed treatise on the Trinity was censured, and his own order was explicitly left undisturbed.

She was baptised a Catholic and claimed possession by Saint Anthony of Padua. Capuchin missionaries condemned her, and the record of her movement is theirs rather than her own.

The kingdom took the Papal States and then Rome, and three popes refused to leave the Vatican until the settlement of 1929.

Catholicism was adopted by the kingdom's own decision in 1491 and remained the religion of the state for four centuries.

A Gothic ossuary chapel whose cemetery soil was, by local tradition, sanctified with earth brought from Golgotha by an abbot returning from the Holy Land.

Pope from 1513 to 1521.

The archbishop of Lyon holds the title Primate of the Gauls, and the conclave rules of 1274 were enacted here.

Bishop of Paris from 1160 until his death.

This source names Roman Catholicism directly: "Frisian priest whose 1536 break from Roman Catholicism and subsequent leadership consolidated the Anabaptist movement that became known as Mennonite, is a community edited tertiary encyclopedia..."

Catholicism has been held in many Mesoamerican communities since the sixteenth century alongside the older calendar and pantheon.

Keeps the Santo Caliz, venerated by many Catholics as the cup used by Jesus at the Last Supper.

The besieging army was raised and led by Munster's own expelled Catholic prince-bishop, Franz von Waldeck, though it was reinforced by Lutheran territories that shared his opposition to the Anabaptist regime.

Catholicism has been held in most Nahua communities since 1521 alongside continuing household and healing practice.

The Concordat of 1801 restored Catholic worship in France on the state's terms; by 1809 he had annexed the Papal States and taken Pius VII into custody.

A concordat was signed with the Vatican in July 1933; Rome protested its breaches in the 1937 encyclical Mit brennender Sorge.

The Cristero rebels fought in defense of Roman Catholic religious practice against state suppression, though the Church hierarchy itself did not officially direct the uprising.

The papacy formally sponsored later Reconquista campaigns as crusades from the twelfth century onward.

The tribunals were organs of the Catholic Church, under papal authority in the medieval and Roman inquisitions and under the Spanish crown from 1478.

An Eastern Catholic church in full communion with Rome, Byzantine in rite.

Trent's sixth session, in 1547, affirmed that grace makes a person genuinely righteous and that a justified person cooperates in meritorious works, and anathematized the proposition that the sinner is justified by faith alone.

The Council of Trent answered the principle in its fourth session in 1546, receiving the unwritten apostolic traditions with equal reverence alongside the canonical scriptures and reserving the interpretation of scripture to the church.

Trent's twenty-third session, in 1563, affirmed a visible and external priesthood in the New Testament and anathematized the view that all Christians alike hold power to preach and to administer the sacraments.

The Roman Catholic Church has prohibited membership of Freemasonry since 1738 and has restated the prohibition since, holding the obligations a candidate undertakes to be incompatible with the obedience a Catholic owes his church. A Catholic who joins is barred from communion.

The cult was suppressed by decree in 1900, which forbade writing or speaking of the relic on pain of the gravest censure. It is the clearest case of Rome closing down a devotion it had tolerated for centuries.

Calvin's works were placed on the Index of Prohibited Books, and the Council of Trent answered the Institutes point by point on justification, the sacraments and the authority of scripture.

Rome refused the statute, and those who would not swear to it, More and Fisher among them, are counted in the Roman calendar as martyrs.

Pius X condemned the separation law in 1906 and forbade the associations of worship it required, so the French church lost the use of its buildings rather than accept the arrangement.

Rome never received the Trullan canons. Pope Sergius refused to sign them, and several bear directly against Roman practice, including the canon permitting a married priesthood. This is a council the East holds and the West does not, which is the reverse of the usual direction.

The Roman catechism names astrology among the forms of divination to be rejected, together with horoscopes, clairvoyance, the interpretation of omens and recourse to mediums, on the ground that they contradict the honour owed to God alone.

The founders were Catholic, and the movement grew out of claimed Marian apparitions.

The bull condemned forty-one propositions drawn from Luther's writings and gave him sixty days to recant on pain of excommunication.

Rome holds faith as an infused theological virtue that must be formed by charity if it is to justify, so faith without love is called dead faith rather than saving faith.

The shrine grew from apparitions reported by three children in 1917, and the associated messages have been a substantial thread in twentieth century Catholic devotion.

Fortitude is the cardinal virtue Rome defines as the firmness that pursues the good in the face of difficulty and, in the extreme case, renounces life itself.

Grains of the resin are put on charcoal and the altar, the gifts, the gospel book, the ministers and the people are censed in turn.

The mendicant orders are a Western creation of the thirteenth century, and the friar, unlike the monk, belongs to an order rather than to a house.

Gabriel is one of the three archangels the Roman calendar names on 29 September, honoured as the messenger of the Annunciation.

A Catholic pilgrimage is held at the abbey each year on a separate day, on a site the diocese owns and the Catholic church does not.

Sung at Mass on Sundays and feasts and omitted through Advent and Lent, so that its return marks the season changing.

Gluttony is among the capital sins in the Roman enumeration.

The book of the gospels is carried in procession, incensed and kissed, and is treated as the presence of Christ speaking.

Avarice is among the capital sins Rome enumerates, the disordered desire for possession.

Named in the constitution on the liturgy as proper to the Roman rite and given first place among its forms of sung worship.

The eight modes that classify the chant repertory and decide which psalm tone follows which antiphon.

The Vienna lance belonged to the imperial regalia rather than to the church, and Rome has made no claim for it.

Blessed water at the doors of a church recalls baptism, and its use at entering is a renewal of that sacrament rather than an act of its own.

Hope is the second of the three theological virtues in Roman teaching, the desire for the kingdom of heaven and eternal life as one's happiness, resting on Christ's promises.

The encyclical of 1968 reaffirmed the Roman teaching that each conjugal act must remain open to the transmission of life, against the recommendation of the commission that had studied the question.

The fish belongs to the catacombs and to the Greek acrostic behind it, and its modern use is devotional and popular rather than liturgical. No rite calls for it and no vesture carries it by rule.

The monastery holds the icon of the Black Madonna and is the national shrine of Poland, and the defence of the monastery in 1655 became a founding episode of Polish Catholic identity.

Received in the West through translations of the Philokalia and read as private devotion rather than taught as a discipline of the rite.

Justice is the cardinal virtue Rome defines as the constant and firm will to give God and neighbour their due.

The Templars were founded as a religious order under papal protection and were suppressed by the pope at the Council of Vienne in 1312, after a trial conducted largely by the French crown. The order belonged to the Roman church and was ended by it.

Kept in Greek at the beginning of Mass, one of the few Greek phrases the Latin rite never translated.

The encyclical of 2015 addresses the care of the common home and is the first to make ecology the subject of a papal document of that rank.

The grotto where a young woman reported apparitions in 1858, and the spring associated with them, receive several million pilgrims a year and a formal medical bureau examines reported cures.

Lust is among the capital sins in the Roman enumeration, the disordered desire for sexual pleasure separated from its ends.

The teaching office of the pope and the bishops in communion with him, exercised solemnly in definitions and ordinarily in the constant teaching of the bishops throughout the world.

Said or sung every day at Evening Prayer in the Liturgy of the Hours.

The lace head covering was once ordinary for women at Mass in the Latin west. It is worn by choice now and required nowhere.

Danced on Catholic feast days in northern Mexico and in the Rio Grande villages, at the church door and in procession rather than within the Mass.

The Roman calendar keeps 29 September as the feast of Michael, Gabriel and Raphael, the three archangels named in the scriptures Rome receives, and Michael is invoked in the Roman rite as the defender of the people of God.

The book of the Mass, whose typical edition is issued in Latin and translated for each conference of bishops.

The encyclical of 1937 was written in German and read from the pulpits of Germany, protesting the breaches of the concordat and condemning the deification of race and state.

Worn by bishops and abbots of the Latin church in the two peaked western form, whose two points are read as the two testaments.

Monastic life under a written rule has been continuous in the Latin church since Benedict, and its houses are self-governing under their own abbots.

Western monasticism is governed by a rule, most often that of Benedict, and the monk vows stability, obedience and conversion of life to a particular house.

An honorific the pope confers on certain priests, carrying rank and dress but no additional order or jurisdiction.

The vessel in which the consecrated host is exposed for adoration outside Mass, a devotion held to follow from the reservation of the sacrament.

Blended with frankincense in the grains blessed at the Easter vigil and set into the paschal candle, where the five marks stand for the wounds.

The declaration of 1965 on the church's relation to non-Christian religions repudiated the charge of collective guilt against the Jewish people and is the hinge of modern Catholic interreligious teaching.

The cathedral of Paris, gutted by fire in 2019 and reopened in 2024.

Canon law distinguishes nuns under solemn vows in enclosure from sisters in active congregations, and both are large in the Roman Catholic Church.

The basilica at Tepeyac holds the image associated with the apparitions of 1531 and is the most visited Catholic shrine in the Americas.

Conferred by the pope on metropolitan archbishops as the sign of their office and of their communion with Rome.

Composed by Thomas Aquinas for the feast of Corpus Christi and sung at the procession, its last two stanzas standing alone at Benediction.

The bishop of Rome holds universal ordinary jurisdiction over the whole church, together with the power to teach infallibly when defining doctrine on faith or morals, as set out by the First Vatican Council in 1870.

In Catholic law the parish is a defined territory whose pastor holds an office with fixed rights and a duty of care toward everyone living in it.

Lit from the new fire at the Easter vigil and burned through the fifty days, at baptisms and at funerals.

The First Vatican Council defined the pope's universal and immediate jurisdiction and his infallibility when he defines a doctrine of faith or morals to be held by the whole Church.

The sequence was taken out of the funeral Mass in the reform of 1970 and placed in the last week of the year in the Liturgy of the Hours, so the same verses are still sung but no longer over the dead. The older Roman rite keeps them in the Requiem.

In the Latin church a metropolitan is simply the archbishop of a province, with limited oversight of its suffragan dioceses and no rank between bishop and patriarch.

Rome has patriarchal sees in the Latin church and reckons Eastern Catholic patriarchs among its own hierarchy, but the title carries nothing like the standing it has in the East.

The Synod of Bishops established in 1965 advises the pope and does not legislate, so the word names a consultative body in Catholic use and a governing one almost everywhere else.

The Latin rite sings the thrice-holy once a year, in the reproaches of Good Friday and alternately in Greek and Latin, where the Byzantine rite sings it at every liturgy.

Atonement for sin through Christ is affirmed across Nicene Christianity, including this tradition.

The Holy See issued a joint statement in 2023 repudiating the concept of discovery that this bull and its successors were later used to support, and stating that they had never been expressions of the Catholic faith.

This bull is among the three the Holy See named in repudiating the concept of discovery in 2023, alongside an acknowledgement of the harm the doctrine was used to justify.

This bull is among the three the Holy See named in its 2023 repudiation of the concept of discovery, which it stated had been manipulated for political purposes by colonial powers.

The Code recognises the abbess as major superior of an autonomous monastery of nuns, holding the same ordinary power over her community that an abbot holds over his.

The Code recognises the abbot as major superior of an autonomous monastery, holding ordinary power over his community under the constitutions of his institute.

An act of contrition is required of the penitent in the sacrament of penance, in one of several approved forms.

Declared canonical scripture for the Roman Catholic Church at the Council of Trent, Session IV, 1546, as part of the Greek additions to Daniel.

Declared canonical scripture for the Roman Catholic Church at the Council of Trent, Session IV, 1546, as part of the Greek additions to Esther.

He made Catholicism the religion of the Kongo court, corresponded with Lisbon and Rome, and saw his son Henrique consecrated bishop in 1518.

The Agnus Dei is sung or said during the breaking of the bread in the Order of Mass.

A commemoration proper to the Roman Catholic calendar, resting on the doctrine of purgatory and intercession for the dead.

Almsgiving stands with prayer and fasting as one of the three works of penance this church names, and the corporal works of mercy give it its shape.

Ordained at Shanghai in 1845, the first Korean born Catholic priest, and executed the following year.

Since the Second Vatican Council the anointing has been offered to the seriously ill rather than only to the dying, and it may be received more than once.

Apocalyptic and eschatological revelation is received as canonical and doctrinally significant across Nicene Christianity, including this tradition.

Apostolic succession, an unbroken line of ordination from the apostles, is claimed and taught as doctrine by this tradition.

Canon 435 places an archdiocese under an archbishop, who is also metropolitan of his province and carries a defined and limited oversight of the suffragan dioceses within it.

An archbishop governs an ecclesiastical province or a major archdiocese, a rank above ordinary bishop, per the Code of Canon Law, canons 435 to 438.

The Shroud is owned by the Holy See and entrusted to the archbishop of Turin as its custodian, so the holder is a Catholic diocesan office rather than a museum.

Baptism is the gateway sacrament, ordinarily by pouring rather than immersion, and in an emergency it may be conferred validly by any person, including one who is not baptised.

Baptism is held to mark the soul with an indelible character and to found the whole Christian life, so that living the baptismal promises is the ordinary form of discipleship.

Santa Croce in Gerusalemme is a Catholic basilica in Rome founded to house relics of the Passion, and it holds them as a place of pilgrimage rather than as a collection.

National Marian shrine of the Roman Catholic Church in Brazil.

The Basilica of Saint-Denys at Argenteuil is a Catholic parish church, and the tunic it keeps is shown at intervals set by the diocese rather than on permanent display.

The beatific vision, the direct sight of God after death, is dogma per the papal bull Benedictus Deus, 1336.

Matches Roman Catholicism already carried alongside Christianity by the other Catholic religious institutions on file.

Held the papal office; his 2007 motu proprio Summorum Pontificum reopened general use of the pre-conciliar Roman Missal.

The Benedictus is the gospel canticle of Lauds, said every morning.

A Franciscan of the first missionary generation in Mexico.