Roman Catholicism

Roman Catholicism is held in most Andean communities together with the huaca, Pachamama and apu complex rather than in place of it.

Benedictine monk of Bec and Archbishop of Canterbury (1093 to 1109); canonized, and declared a Doctor of the Church in 1720.

Keeper of the Shroud of Turin since 1578, with ownership passed to the Holy See in 1983.

One of the seven pilgrimage churches of Rome, keeping Passion relics traditionally associated with Helena's collecting.

A Catholic parish church keeping the Holy Tunic venerated as the garment Jesus wore at his crucifixion.

Christianity, in its Catholic form, has been theirs for many centuries; the Society of Jesus was founded by a Basque.

The French crown enforced Catholic religious uniformity in the Cevennes after 1685, and the war was fought against that campaign of forced conversion.

Keeps the Sudarium of Oviedo, venerated as the head cloth of Jesus, within the Camara Santa.

This source names Roman Catholicism directly: "own library research guide on Roman Catholicism in western Pennsylvania records that a February 1967 student retreat organized by Ralph Keifer and William Storey at the Ark and the Dove retreat..."

Pope from 1523 to 1534.

From the excommunication decree of 1949 through Ostpolitik to John Paul II and Solidarity, the Catholic Church was a principal actor on the religious front.

The decrees Haec sancta and Frequens issued here are the high point of the conciliar claim against papal authority.

The targeted tradition. This is an Associated With edge to the tradition that was persecuted, not a perpetrator-tradition edge; the perpetrator was the liberal Ecuadorian state.

Clovis accepted Catholic rather than Arian Christianity around the turn of the sixth century, aligning the kingdom with the bishops of Gaul.

The established Catholic Church, alongside the region's secular princes, was among the authorities the rebels' Twelve Articles challenged.

Green is the vestment colour of Ordinary Time in the Roman Rite, the weeks that fall outside the Christmas and Easter cycles and their preparatory seasons. It is by a wide margin the commonest colour of the liturgical year.

The targeted tradition. This is an Associated With edge to the tradition that was persecuted, not a perpetrator-tradition edge; the perpetrator was the liberal Guatemalan state.

Emperors were crowned by popes and fought them for the right to invest bishops, a contest settled in form at Worms in 1122.

The Avignon papacy and the Western Schism ran through the war, and Joan of Arc was condemned by a Catholic tribunal in 1431 and canonised by the same church in 1920.

Five successive popes authorized crusades against the Hussites, and the institutional Catholic Church, through the Council of Basel, was the party that ultimately negotiated the settlement permitting Utraquist practice.

This source names Roman Catholic Church directly: "The Roman Catholic Church in Austria's own official explanation of the Kirchenbeitrag, the mandatory contribution owed by registered members under the 1939 Church Contribution Act, roughly one..."

Catholicism followed after 1697, with Maya practice continuing beside it.

Joachim of Fiore composed and taught this calculation as a Catholic abbot in good standing and was never condemned in his own lifetime; only a later, posthumously attributed treatise on the Trinity was censured, and his own order was explicitly left undisturbed.

She was baptised a Catholic and claimed possession by Saint Anthony of Padua. Capuchin missionaries condemned her, and the record of her movement is theirs rather than her own.

The kingdom took the Papal States and then Rome, and three popes refused to leave the Vatican until the settlement of 1929.

Catholicism was adopted by the kingdom's own decision in 1491 and remained the religion of the state for four centuries.

A Gothic ossuary chapel whose cemetery soil was, by local tradition, sanctified with earth brought from Golgotha by an abbot returning from the Holy Land.

Pope from 1513 to 1521.

The archbishop of Lyon holds the title Primate of the Gauls, and the conclave rules of 1274 were enacted here.

Bishop of Paris from 1160 until his death.

This source names Roman Catholicism directly: "Frisian priest whose 1536 break from Roman Catholicism and subsequent leadership consolidated the Anabaptist movement that became known as Mennonite, is a community edited tertiary encyclopedia..."

Catholicism has been held in many Mesoamerican communities since the sixteenth century alongside the older calendar and pantheon.

Keeps the Santo Caliz, venerated by many Catholics as the cup used by Jesus at the Last Supper.

The besieging army was raised and led by Munster's own expelled Catholic prince-bishop, Franz von Waldeck, though it was reinforced by Lutheran territories that shared his opposition to the Anabaptist regime.

Catholicism has been held in most Nahua communities since 1521 alongside continuing household and healing practice.

The Concordat of 1801 restored Catholic worship in France on the state's terms; by 1809 he had annexed the Papal States and taken Pius VII into custody.

A concordat was signed with the Vatican in July 1933; Rome protested its breaches in the 1937 encyclical Mit brennender Sorge.

The Cristero rebels fought in defense of Roman Catholic religious practice against state suppression, though the Church hierarchy itself did not officially direct the uprising.

The papacy formally sponsored later Reconquista campaigns as crusades from the twelfth century onward.

The tribunals were organs of the Catholic Church, under papal authority in the medieval and Roman inquisitions and under the Spanish crown from 1478.

An Eastern Catholic church in full communion with Rome, Byzantine in rite.

Trent's sixth session, in 1547, affirmed that grace makes a person genuinely righteous and that a justified person cooperates in meritorious works, and anathematized the proposition that the sinner is justified by faith alone.

The Council of Trent answered the principle in its fourth session in 1546, receiving the unwritten apostolic traditions with equal reverence alongside the canonical scriptures and reserving the interpretation of scripture to the church.

Trent's twenty-third session, in 1563, affirmed a visible and external priesthood in the New Testament and anathematized the view that all Christians alike hold power to preach and to administer the sacraments.

The Roman Catholic Church has prohibited membership of Freemasonry since 1738 and has restated the prohibition since, holding the obligations a candidate undertakes to be incompatible with the obedience a Catholic owes his church. A Catholic who joins is barred from communion.

The cult was suppressed by decree in 1900, which forbade writing or speaking of the relic on pain of the gravest censure. It is the clearest case of Rome closing down a devotion it had tolerated for centuries.

Calvin's works were placed on the Index of Prohibited Books, and the Council of Trent answered the Institutes point by point on justification, the sacraments and the authority of scripture.

Rome refused the statute, and those who would not swear to it, More and Fisher among them, are counted in the Roman calendar as martyrs.

Pius X condemned the separation law in 1906 and forbade the associations of worship it required, so the French church lost the use of its buildings rather than accept the arrangement.

Rome never received the Trullan canons. Pope Sergius refused to sign them, and several bear directly against Roman practice, including the canon permitting a married priesthood. This is a council the East holds and the West does not, which is the reverse of the usual direction.

The Roman catechism names astrology among the forms of divination to be rejected, together with horoscopes, clairvoyance, the interpretation of omens and recourse to mediums, on the ground that they contradict the honour owed to God alone.

The founders were Catholic, and the movement grew out of claimed Marian apparitions.

The abbess governs a community of nuns with the same authority within her house that an abbot has in his.

The abbot is elected by the professed monks of the house and holds it for life, and the Rule gives him wide discretion tempered by the counsel of the community.

Sung in full in the Byzantine Catholic churches in communion with Rome, and used in Latin parishes in translation as a devotion apart from the Mass.

The white full length tunic worn beneath the outer vestments by ministers of every rank.

Sung before the gospel and suppressed for the whole of Lent, so that its return at the Easter Vigil is heard as an event.

The altar is consecrated and anointed, and Latin practice reads it as the table of the supper and the place of the sacrifice at once.

The people's assent, said at the end of every prayer and at the receiving of communion.

The existence of angels is a truth of faith in Roman teaching, attested by scripture and by tradition together, and they appear throughout the liturgy.

Rome holds that the apostles had no successors in their office as witnesses of the resurrection, and that what passed to the bishops was their pastoral charge rather than the apostolate itself.

The sprinkler used at the rite of blessing water, at dedications and at the absolution of the dead.

Repeated fifty-three times in a full rosary.

Set as an antiphon in plainchant long before any composer took the text up, and sung on the Marian feasts.

The basilica was built to house the relics of the Passion brought from Jerusalem, and its earth is held to have been carried from there.

The basilica houses the small dark image of the Immaculate Conception recovered by fishermen in the eighteenth century, and is the national shrine of Brazil.

The tunic kept at Argenteuil is venerated as the seamless robe and is shown publicly at long intervals.

The beguines lived a religious life without vows and outside any order, which is exactly why they were repeatedly investigated and finally suppressed by a council. They were present in the medieval church and never regularised by it.

The stiffened square cap of the Latin clergy, whose colour and number of peaks mark the wearer's degree.

A distinct and highest order of the sacrament of orders, holding the fullness of the priesthood, and the only minister who can ordain.

The book of the hours, which clergy and religious are bound to pray daily.

Becket's shrine drew Catholic pilgrimage from across Europe until it was destroyed in 1538, and the cathedral remains a Catholic pilgrimage destination without being a Catholic church.

The college of cardinals exists so that there is a defined body of men who elect the pope, and membership carries precedence over every bishop who is not one.

Choir and everyday dress for the Latin clergy, worn under the surplice or the alb and coloured by rank, black for a priest, violet for a bishop, scarlet for a cardinal.

The cathedral holds the sudarium in a chest venerated since the medieval period, shown on a small number of fixed days a year.

The cup of the eucharist, required to be of noble material and blessed before use.

The cup at Valencia has been used by visiting popes at Mass, which is an honour paid to the tradition and not a judgement on the object.

Charity is the form of the virtues in Roman teaching, the love of God for his own sake that orders faith and hope to their end.

Chastity in Roman teaching is the successful integration of sexuality within the person, required of every baptised person in the form proper to their state of life.

The chasuble is the vestment proper to the priest celebrant at Mass in the Roman rite, worn over the alb and stole.

The monogram is cut into the paschal candle at the Easter vigil, worked into vestments and altar linen, and set on tombs. It is the older Christian sign in Roman use and it never displaced the cross.

The oil consecrated by the bishop at the chrism Mass, used at baptism, at confirmation, at ordination and at the dedication of an altar.

Bells are blessed, often named, and rung at the consecration as well as to call the parish.

The organ is named as the instrument held in the highest esteem in the Latin church, and its use is restrained rather than forbidden in the penitential seasons.

A priest alone may consecrate the Eucharist and absolve, and only a bishop may ordain, so the category is defined by what the laity may not do.

Ordinary daily dress for the secular clergy outside liturgical functions, in place of the cassock in most countries since the twentieth century.

The codex has been in the Vatican Library since at least its catalogue of 1475 and is among the manuscripts the modern Roman critical editions of the New Testament rest on.

Restored the Roman Catholic Church's legal standing in France

Augustine is the doctor whose account of grace, sin and the will the Roman tradition built on, and the Confessions is the work in which that account is set out as a life rather than as an argument.

The consecration of virgins living in the world was restored as a distinct vocation in 1970, and a woman so consecrated is answerable to her bishop rather than to a religious superior.

The full open mantle worn for processions, for benediction and for the offices, where a chasuble belongs only to the Eucharist.

The sign of the cross opens and closes every act of Latin worship, and a cross stands on or beside the altar at every Mass.

Kept in Paris and venerated publicly on the Fridays of Lent, and carried out of the burning cathedral in 2019 ahead of everything else in it.

A cross bearing the figure of Christ crucified is required to be visible to the people at Mass, so the sculpted corpus is not optional in the Roman rite.

The deacon's outer vestment at Mass, and worn by a bishop beneath the chasuble at a solemn pontifical liturgy to show that he holds the lower orders too.

A deacon is ordained but not to the priesthood, and since the Second Vatican Council the diaconate has been restored as a permanent office open to married men.

Saint Patrick's Breastplate is carried in the hymnals of Irish and diaspora parishes as devotion, and belongs to no part of the missal.

Rome holds the fall of the angels as a real event and retains a rite of exorcism reserved to the bishop's delegate, so the subject remains a matter of pastoral practice rather than of history.

The declaration on religious liberty holds that the human person has a right to immunity from coercion in religious matters, a position the Roman magisterium had previously refused.

The diocese is the basic unit of the Catholic church rather than a subdivision of it, and its bishop governs, ordains and teaches within his territory in his own right.

Envy is among the capital sins Rome enumerates, the sadness at another's good and the desire for it inordinately.

Unleavened wheat bread and grape wine, held after the consecration to be the body and blood of Christ under the appearance of bread and wine.

The sequence was taken out of the funeral Mass in the reform of 1970 and placed in the last week of the year in the Liturgy of the Hours, so the same verses are still sung but no longer over the dead. The older Roman rite keeps them in the Requiem.

In the Latin church a metropolitan is simply the archbishop of a province, with limited oversight of its suffragan dioceses and no rank between bishop and patriarch.

Rome has patriarchal sees in the Latin church and reckons Eastern Catholic patriarchs among its own hierarchy, but the title carries nothing like the standing it has in the East.

The Synod of Bishops established in 1965 advises the pope and does not legislate, so the word names a consultative body in Catholic use and a governing one almost everywhere else.

The Latin rite sings the thrice-holy once a year, in the reproaches of Good Friday and alternately in Greek and Latin, where the Byzantine rite sings it at every liturgy.

Atonement for sin through Christ is affirmed across Nicene Christianity, including this tradition.

The Holy See issued a joint statement in 2023 repudiating the concept of discovery that this bull and its successors were later used to support, and stating that they had never been expressions of the Catholic faith.

This bull is among the three the Holy See named in repudiating the concept of discovery in 2023, alongside an acknowledgement of the harm the doctrine was used to justify.

This bull is among the three the Holy See named in its 2023 repudiation of the concept of discovery, which it stated had been manipulated for political purposes by colonial powers.

Bishops, successors of the apostles by episcopal consecration, govern dioceses in communion with the Pope, per the Code of Canon Law, canons 375 to 380.

Canon 375 holds that bishops succeed the apostles by divine institution and are constituted pastors in the Church, with the office of teaching, sanctifying and governing.

Held the papal office and gave his own Roman house over as a monastery.

Held the papal office from Rome.

Declared canonical scripture for the Roman Catholic Church at the Council of Trent, Session IV, 1546.

Declared canonical scripture for the Roman Catholic Church at the Council of Trent, Session IV, 1546.

Declared canonical scripture for the Roman Catholic Church at the Council of Trent, Session IV, 1546.

Declared canonical scripture for the Roman Catholic Church at the Council of Trent, Session IV, 1546, covering both First and Second Maccabees.

Held the papal office; canonized Vincent Ferrer and ordered the retrial that annulled the condemnation of Joan of Arc.

Catholics light tapers before a shrine or an icon and leave them.

Canon law is a formal, codified legal system in this tradition, per the Code of Canon Law.

Canudos was a lay Catholic penitential and millenarian community, built around a preacher who worked to restore Catholic worship in the backlands even as the settlement's own religious authority stood apart from the institutional church's control.

Cardinals form the Pope's senior council and, gathered as the College of Cardinals, elect his successor, per the Code of Canon Law, canons 349 to 359.

Canon 349 constitutes the cardinals as a special college whose particular charge is the election of the Roman Pontiff, and who assist him collegially in the graver questions and individually in the government of the Church.

A confederation of 162 national Catholic relief, development and social service organizations, headquartered at the Vatican and canonically linked to the Holy See, per Caritas Internationalis's own description.

The twentieth century revival is practiced today chiefly in the Roman Catholic Church, though other Christian traditions have adapted comparable forms.

Notre-Dame de Paris is the cathedral church of the Catholic archdiocese of Paris. The relics it holds are kept as objects of devotion, and the building is in worship rather than in collection.

The cathedral church of the Archdiocese of Los Angeles, the largest Roman Catholic archdiocese in the United States.

The Cathedral of San Salvador at Oviedo keeps the Sudarium in the Camara Santa, a Catholic reliquary chapel, and shows it on a small number of fixed days each year.

Catholic Charities USA is the national office of the United States Catholic bishops' own diocesan social service agency network.

The national body of Roman Catholic dioceses in Germany, organized through the German Bishops' Conference (Deutsche Bischofskonferenz).