Roman Catholicism

Roman Catholicism is held in most Andean communities together with the huaca, Pachamama and apu complex rather than in place of it.

Benedictine monk of Bec and Archbishop of Canterbury (1093 to 1109); canonized, and declared a Doctor of the Church in 1720.

Keeper of the Shroud of Turin since 1578, with ownership passed to the Holy See in 1983.

One of the seven pilgrimage churches of Rome, keeping Passion relics traditionally associated with Helena's collecting.

A Catholic parish church keeping the Holy Tunic venerated as the garment Jesus wore at his crucifixion.

Christianity, in its Catholic form, has been theirs for many centuries; the Society of Jesus was founded by a Basque.

The French crown enforced Catholic religious uniformity in the Cevennes after 1685, and the war was fought against that campaign of forced conversion.

Keeps the Sudarium of Oviedo, venerated as the head cloth of Jesus, within the Camara Santa.

This source names Roman Catholicism directly: "own library research guide on Roman Catholicism in western Pennsylvania records that a February 1967 student retreat organized by Ralph Keifer and William Storey at the Ark and the Dove retreat..."

Pope from 1523 to 1534.

From the excommunication decree of 1949 through Ostpolitik to John Paul II and Solidarity, the Catholic Church was a principal actor on the religious front.

The decrees Haec sancta and Frequens issued here are the high point of the conciliar claim against papal authority.

The targeted tradition. This is an Associated With edge to the tradition that was persecuted, not a perpetrator-tradition edge; the perpetrator was the liberal Ecuadorian state.

Clovis accepted Catholic rather than Arian Christianity around the turn of the sixth century, aligning the kingdom with the bishops of Gaul.

The established Catholic Church, alongside the region's secular princes, was among the authorities the rebels' Twelve Articles challenged.

Green is the vestment colour of Ordinary Time in the Roman Rite, the weeks that fall outside the Christmas and Easter cycles and their preparatory seasons. It is by a wide margin the commonest colour of the liturgical year.

The targeted tradition. This is an Associated With edge to the tradition that was persecuted, not a perpetrator-tradition edge; the perpetrator was the liberal Guatemalan state.

Emperors were crowned by popes and fought them for the right to invest bishops, a contest settled in form at Worms in 1122.

The Avignon papacy and the Western Schism ran through the war, and Joan of Arc was condemned by a Catholic tribunal in 1431 and canonised by the same church in 1920.

Five successive popes authorized crusades against the Hussites, and the institutional Catholic Church, through the Council of Basel, was the party that ultimately negotiated the settlement permitting Utraquist practice.

This source names Roman Catholic Church directly: "The Roman Catholic Church in Austria's own official explanation of the Kirchenbeitrag, the mandatory contribution owed by registered members under the 1939 Church Contribution Act, roughly one..."

Catholicism followed after 1697, with Maya practice continuing beside it.

Joachim of Fiore composed and taught this calculation as a Catholic abbot in good standing and was never condemned in his own lifetime; only a later, posthumously attributed treatise on the Trinity was censured, and his own order was explicitly left undisturbed.

She was baptised a Catholic and claimed possession by Saint Anthony of Padua. Capuchin missionaries condemned her, and the record of her movement is theirs rather than her own.

The kingdom took the Papal States and then Rome, and three popes refused to leave the Vatican until the settlement of 1929.

Catholicism was adopted by the kingdom's own decision in 1491 and remained the religion of the state for four centuries.

A Gothic ossuary chapel whose cemetery soil was, by local tradition, sanctified with earth brought from Golgotha by an abbot returning from the Holy Land.

Pope from 1513 to 1521.

The archbishop of Lyon holds the title Primate of the Gauls, and the conclave rules of 1274 were enacted here.

Bishop of Paris from 1160 until his death.

This source names Roman Catholicism directly: "Frisian priest whose 1536 break from Roman Catholicism and subsequent leadership consolidated the Anabaptist movement that became known as Mennonite, is a community edited tertiary encyclopedia..."

Catholicism has been held in many Mesoamerican communities since the sixteenth century alongside the older calendar and pantheon.

Keeps the Santo Caliz, venerated by many Catholics as the cup used by Jesus at the Last Supper.

The besieging army was raised and led by Munster's own expelled Catholic prince-bishop, Franz von Waldeck, though it was reinforced by Lutheran territories that shared his opposition to the Anabaptist regime.

Catholicism has been held in most Nahua communities since 1521 alongside continuing household and healing practice.

The Concordat of 1801 restored Catholic worship in France on the state's terms; by 1809 he had annexed the Papal States and taken Pius VII into custody.

A concordat was signed with the Vatican in July 1933; Rome protested its breaches in the 1937 encyclical Mit brennender Sorge.

The Cristero rebels fought in defense of Roman Catholic religious practice against state suppression, though the Church hierarchy itself did not officially direct the uprising.

The papacy formally sponsored later Reconquista campaigns as crusades from the twelfth century onward.

The tribunals were organs of the Catholic Church, under papal authority in the medieval and Roman inquisitions and under the Spanish crown from 1478.

An Eastern Catholic church in full communion with Rome, Byzantine in rite.

Trent's sixth session, in 1547, affirmed that grace makes a person genuinely righteous and that a justified person cooperates in meritorious works, and anathematized the proposition that the sinner is justified by faith alone.

The Council of Trent answered the principle in its fourth session in 1546, receiving the unwritten apostolic traditions with equal reverence alongside the canonical scriptures and reserving the interpretation of scripture to the church.

Trent's twenty-third session, in 1563, affirmed a visible and external priesthood in the New Testament and anathematized the view that all Christians alike hold power to preach and to administer the sacraments.

The Roman Catholic Church has prohibited membership of Freemasonry since 1738 and has restated the prohibition since, holding the obligations a candidate undertakes to be incompatible with the obedience a Catholic owes his church. A Catholic who joins is barred from communion.

The cult was suppressed by decree in 1900, which forbade writing or speaking of the relic on pain of the gravest censure. It is the clearest case of Rome closing down a devotion it had tolerated for centuries.

Calvin's works were placed on the Index of Prohibited Books, and the Council of Trent answered the Institutes point by point on justification, the sacraments and the authority of scripture.

Rome refused the statute, and those who would not swear to it, More and Fisher among them, are counted in the Roman calendar as martyrs.

Pius X condemned the separation law in 1906 and forbade the associations of worship it required, so the French church lost the use of its buildings rather than accept the arrangement.

Rome never received the Trullan canons. Pope Sergius refused to sign them, and several bear directly against Roman practice, including the canon permitting a married priesthood. This is a council the East holds and the West does not, which is the reverse of the usual direction.

The Roman catechism names astrology among the forms of divination to be rejected, together with horoscopes, clairvoyance, the interpretation of omens and recourse to mediums, on the ground that they contradict the honour owed to God alone.

The founders were Catholic, and the movement grew out of claimed Marian apparitions.

The plate that carries the host, blessed with the chalice before first use and treated with the same care afterward.

The collection has been read in the West since its translation but belongs to a tradition of prayer the Roman church did not form.

The bishop of Rome, holding universal jurisdiction over the whole church and, since 1870, defined as preserved from error when he teaches on faith or morals from the chair of Peter.

Pride heads the capital sins in the Roman enumeration, called capital because they engender other sins and other vices.

The priest is ordained to offer the sacrifice of the Mass and to absolve, and in the Latin church he is ordinarily bound to celibacy.

Prudence is the first of the four cardinal virtues in Roman teaching, the disposition that discerns the true good in each circumstance and chooses the right means to it.

Appointed in the psalter of the Liturgy of the Hours and read or sung at funerals.

Raphael is the third archangel of the Roman feast of 29 September, named in the Book of Tobit, which Rome receives as canonical scripture.

The relics at Santa Croce in Gerusalemme are the Roman collection of the passion relics and have a basilica built around them.

The habit of an order is worn as the public sign of consecrated life, and its form is set by the institute rather than by the liturgy.

Friars, clerks regular and apostolic congregations are organised into provinces under a superior general so that members can be moved and directed to work outside a single house.

Relics are venerated and were once required in the altar stone. The veneration is directed to the saint and not to the remains.

The encyclical of 1891 on capital and labour is the founding document of the Roman church's social teaching, affirming the right to private property alongside the right to a living wage and to association.

The book of 1614 set the form of the Roman rite's occasional offices, baptism, marriage, burial, blessings and exorcism, and governed them until they were revised piecemeal after the Second Vatican Council.

The Marian rosary is commended as a form of popular piety drawn from the liturgy and leading back to it.

The Rule governs the Augustinian canons and friars and, through them, a large part of the Roman church's active religious life.

The Rule governs the Benedictine, Cistercian and Trappist houses of the Roman communion and shaped the whole Western pattern of the daily office.

Rome canonises after a judicial process, and a canonised saint may be venerated publicly and invoked in prayer throughout the church.

The basilica stands over the necropolis in which the burial place of Peter is traditionally identified, and is the principal church of the Catholic world without being its cathedral.

The cathedral holds the shrine identified with the apostle James, and the roads leading to it have carried pilgrims continuously since the medieval period.

Worn in its full form by members of religious orders and in the small form by any enrolled layperson, as a devotional habit attached to a confraternity.

The Council of Trent required a seminary in every diocese, and the residential model it set spread by imitation well beyond the Catholic church.

The Holy See permits the veneration of the shroud and has never pronounced on its authenticity, which is a settled position rather than an unfinished one.

Sloth is among the capital sins in the Roman enumeration, spiritual laziness that refuses the joy that comes from God.

The sequence of the feast of Our Lady of Sorrows, and the hymn sung between the Stations of the Cross.

Worn by deacons, priests and bishops as the mark of ordained order, over the alb at every liturgical function.

The bull declares the peoples of the Americas to be true men, capable of receiving the faith, and not to be deprived of their liberty or their property.

Leo XIII prescribed the teaching of Thomas Aquinas as the ground of Catholic philosophy and theology in 1879, and the Summa held that place in seminary formation for most of the century that followed.

Worn over the cassock by ministers, servers and choristers for the offices, for processions and for anything that is not the Mass itself.

Sung at vigils, youth gatherings and pilgrimages without belonging to the order of any rite.

Sung at the Office of Readings on Sundays and feasts, and at the announcement of a new pope.

Temperance in Roman teaching moderates the attraction of pleasure and provides balance in the use of created goods, which admits the moderate use of wine rather than requiring abstinence.

The basilica holds the tomb of Francis and is the mother church of the Franciscan order.

The underground cemeteries of the Roman church hold the earliest Christian burial art, and several remain in the care of the Vatican.

The Franciscan Custody of the Holy Land holds the Latin share, with the chapel of the apparition and defined rights in the shrine over the tomb and at the stone of anointing.

The Latin share is held by the Franciscans, whose church of Saint Catherine adjoins the basilica and from which the Christmas midnight liturgy is broadcast.

The two cities of Augustine's answer to the sack of Rome became the frame in which the Western church understood its relation to the political order.

Received as an ecumenical council for having ended the schism of three rival claimants to the papacy, though Rome does not receive its conciliarist decree that a council stands above a pope.

The third ecumenical council, and the source of the title Mother of God, which Rome holds to be a statement about the identity of Christ before it is a statement about his mother.

Received as an ecumenical council, and the decree of union with the Greeks is read in Rome as a settlement that the East afterwards abandoned rather than one that failed.

The council that answered the Reformation, and its decrees on scripture and tradition, on justification and on the seven sacraments are the foundation of Roman Catholic teaching down to the present.

The Roman Catholic Church is not a member of the World Council and was not present at its constitution. It has sent observers to the assemblies since the nineteen sixties and works with the council through a joint commission.

The second ecumenical council, and the creed in the form Rome uses at Mass is the one this council issued rather than the shorter text of 325.

Rome numbers Nicaea the first of the ecumenical councils and reads its confession of the Son as of one substance with the Father as the fixed measure of Christian belief about Christ.

The council that defined the universal jurisdiction of the pope and his infallibility when he teaches on faith and morals from the chair of Peter.

Received as the twelfth ecumenical council, and the council at which transubstantiation was defined and annual confession and communion required of every believer.

The robe at Trier is exposed at long intervals and draws large pilgrimages when it is, and the diocese presents it as an object of devotion rather than as an authenticated relic.

The treaty of 1929 settled the Roman question, recognised the sovereignty of the Vatican City State and remains the legal basis of the Holy See's independence.

The cathedral of Cordoba, consecrated after the city was taken in 1236, with a Renaissance choir built into the middle of the prayer hall in the sixteenth century.

The concordat of 1933 guaranteed the church's freedom in Germany in exchange for the withdrawal of the clergy from party politics; it survived the regime that signed it and remains in force.

The sequence was taken out of the funeral Mass in the reform of 1970 and placed in the last week of the year in the Liturgy of the Hours, so the same verses are still sung but no longer over the dead. The older Roman rite keeps them in the Requiem.

In the Latin church a metropolitan is simply the archbishop of a province, with limited oversight of its suffragan dioceses and no rank between bishop and patriarch.

Rome has patriarchal sees in the Latin church and reckons Eastern Catholic patriarchs among its own hierarchy, but the title carries nothing like the standing it has in the East.

The Synod of Bishops established in 1965 advises the pope and does not legislate, so the word names a consultative body in Catholic use and a governing one almost everywhere else.

The Latin rite sings the thrice-holy once a year, in the reproaches of Good Friday and alternately in Greek and Latin, where the Byzantine rite sings it at every liturgy.

Atonement for sin through Christ is affirmed across Nicene Christianity, including this tradition.

The Holy See issued a joint statement in 2023 repudiating the concept of discovery that this bull and its successors were later used to support, and stating that they had never been expressions of the Catholic faith.

This bull is among the three the Holy See named in repudiating the concept of discovery in 2023, alongside an acknowledgement of the harm the doctrine was used to justify.

This bull is among the three the Holy See named in its 2023 repudiation of the concept of discovery, which it stated had been manipulated for political purposes by colonial powers.

The Code recognises the abbess as major superior of an autonomous monastery of nuns, holding the same ordinary power over her community that an abbot holds over his.

The Code recognises the abbot as major superior of an autonomous monastery, holding ordinary power over his community under the constitutions of his institute.

An act of contrition is required of the penitent in the sacrament of penance, in one of several approved forms.

Declared canonical scripture for the Roman Catholic Church at the Council of Trent, Session IV, 1546, as part of the Greek additions to Daniel.

Declared canonical scripture for the Roman Catholic Church at the Council of Trent, Session IV, 1546, as part of the Greek additions to Esther.

He made Catholicism the religion of the Kongo court, corresponded with Lisbon and Rome, and saw his son Henrique consecrated bishop in 1518.

The Agnus Dei is sung or said during the breaking of the bread in the Order of Mass.

A commemoration proper to the Roman Catholic calendar, resting on the doctrine of purgatory and intercession for the dead.

Almsgiving stands with prayer and fasting as one of the three works of penance this church names, and the corporal works of mercy give it its shape.

Ordained at Shanghai in 1845, the first Korean born Catholic priest, and executed the following year.

Since the Second Vatican Council the anointing has been offered to the seriously ill rather than only to the dying, and it may be received more than once.

Apocalyptic and eschatological revelation is received as canonical and doctrinally significant across Nicene Christianity, including this tradition.

Apostolic succession, an unbroken line of ordination from the apostles, is claimed and taught as doctrine by this tradition.

Canon 435 places an archdiocese under an archbishop, who is also metropolitan of his province and carries a defined and limited oversight of the suffragan dioceses within it.

An archbishop governs an ecclesiastical province or a major archdiocese, a rank above ordinary bishop, per the Code of Canon Law, canons 435 to 438.

The Shroud is owned by the Holy See and entrusted to the archbishop of Turin as its custodian, so the holder is a Catholic diocesan office rather than a museum.

Baptism is the gateway sacrament, ordinarily by pouring rather than immersion, and in an emergency it may be conferred validly by any person, including one who is not baptised.

Baptism is held to mark the soul with an indelible character and to found the whole Christian life, so that living the baptismal promises is the ordinary form of discipleship.

Santa Croce in Gerusalemme is a Catholic basilica in Rome founded to house relics of the Passion, and it holds them as a place of pilgrimage rather than as a collection.

National Marian shrine of the Roman Catholic Church in Brazil.

The Basilica of Saint-Denys at Argenteuil is a Catholic parish church, and the tunic it keeps is shown at intervals set by the diocese rather than on permanent display.

The beatific vision, the direct sight of God after death, is dogma per the papal bull Benedictus Deus, 1336.

Matches Roman Catholicism already carried alongside Christianity by the other Catholic religious institutions on file.

Held the papal office; his 2007 motu proprio Summorum Pontificum reopened general use of the pre-conciliar Roman Missal.

The Benedictus is the gospel canticle of Lauds, said every morning.

A Franciscan of the first missionary generation in Mexico.