Roman Catholicism

The creed of 325, in its later expanded form, is recited at Mass in the Latin church.

Career canon of Frauenburg Cathedral; dedicated De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (1543) directly to Pope Paul III seeking the Church's protection for the work.

She was baptised Ana de Sousa at Luanda in 1622, afterwards returned to Mbundu ritual practice, and reconciled with the Capuchin mission in the 1650s.

The canons of 529 were confirmed by Boniface II in 531 and are quoted in Catholic teaching on grace.

The Catholic All Souls observance that Dia de los Muertos is built around in most of Mexico.

Catholicism has been present since the seventeenth century, held alongside rather than in place of the older kiva-based observance.

The Franciscan mission system was the specific institution whose decades of suppressing Pueblo ceremonial life the revolt was organized to end, and Franciscan missions and missionaries were its principal target.

Roman Catholicism is held together with address to Pachamama and the apu, and evangelical Protestantism has grown since the later twentieth century.

Roman Catholicism runs the only centralised juridical process for recognising saints.

This source names Roman Catholicism directly: "enslaved Yoruba practice blended with Roman Catholicism, the only legally permitted religion under Spanish colonial rule, and Spiritism; and for the 1960s emigration following the 1959 Cuban..."

The wartime diplomacy of Pius XII and the conduct of the Catholic Church through the war remain among the most debated questions in modern church history.

This source names Roman Catholic Church directly: "sexual abuse of minors within the Roman Catholic Church in the Netherlands from 1945 onward."

The rebel population descended from converts of the earlier Portuguese Jesuit mission to Kyushu.

The massacre's victims were the Huguenot Reformed Protestant population of Paris and the provinces.

This source names Roman Catholicism directly: "Buddhism, Judaism, Eastern Orthodoxy, Roman Catholicism, Islam, Protestantism and World Christianity."

The targeted tradition. This is an Associated With edge to the tradition that was persecuted, not a perpetrator-tradition edge; the perpetrator was the Czechoslovak communist state.

The targeted tradition. This is an Associated With edge to the tradition that was persecuted, not a perpetrator-tradition edge; the perpetrator was the revolutionary French state.

The targeted tradition: Catholic clergy and laity were the victims of this campaign, in contrast to the Marian Persecutions' targeting of Protestants a generation earlier.

The tribunal enforced Catholic orthodoxy against suspected Judaizers, crypto-Hindu practice and other perceived heresy; this is an Associated With edge to the enforcing tradition, not a perpetrator-tradition edge, since the perpetrator was the Portuguese crown's own institution.

The rural Catholic Church's catechist and clergy network, tied to liberation theology, was targeted alongside the Maya communities the army was attacking.

The German Empire's Catholic clergy and laity were the campaign's target throughout.

This source names Roman Catholicism directly: "and 1558, following her restoration of Roman Catholicism as the state religion and her revival of the medieval heresy laws."

The enforcing tradition, exercised through both the local bishop's episcopal authority and the later crown-appointed Holy Office; not a perpetrator-tradition edge, since the perpetrator was the colonial church and crown institution itself.

Malagrida's formal condemnation was carried out through the machinery of the Portuguese Inquisition, itself an instrument of Roman Catholic ecclesiastical authority even as it acted here under direct crown pressure.

The tribunal enforced Catholic orthodoxy against suspected Judaizing among the Converso population; this is an Associated With edge to the enforcing tradition, not a perpetrator-tradition edge, since the perpetrator was the Portuguese crown's own institution acting under papal authorization.

The targeted tradition. This is an Associated With edge to the tradition that was persecuted, not a perpetrator-tradition edge; the perpetrators acted under a revolutionary political programme, not a rival religious tradition.

Pope Clement V co-acted through the 1312 dissolution bull. This is an intra-Catholic episode, crown against a Church-chartered military order with papal complicity, not one tradition persecuting a rival, so this edge is Associated With rather than a perpetrator-tradition edge.

Northern Ireland's Catholic community supplied the great majority of the conflict's republican and nationalist combatants and voters, though McGarry and O'Leary's own reading holds the conflict's deeper divide is national rather than doctrinal.

The Habsburg emperors and the Catholic League fought to hold and reclaim the Empire for Catholicism, from the White Mountain to the Edict of Restitution.

The Tridentine liturgical books, catechism and profession of faith all take their name from the council held here.

The cathedral of Trier is a Roman Catholic see.

This source names Roman Catholicism directly: "75 of the 1949 constitution naming Roman Catholicism the state religion, the Catholic Church's special legal recognition under its 1852 concordat with the Holy See rather than registration as an..."

Built around the abbey Bridget of Sweden founded, motherhouse of the Bridgettine order's expansion across northern Europe.

This source names Roman Catholicism directly: "in roughly the way Rome functions for Roman Catholicism."

Ngo Dinh Diem's Catholic administration governed a Buddhist majority, and the church's colonial era privileges were at the centre of the 1963 crisis.

The Catholic Five Cantons of Lucerne, Uri, Schwyz, Unterwalden and Zug were the other organized party to both wars, fighting to preserve Catholic worship in the Confederation's jointly governed territories against Zurich's Reformation policy; Gordon records that the First War began after Catholic Schwyz executed a Reformed preacher for heresy. This edge names that community's part as the historical record gives it; it is not an assertion that Roman Catholicism as such initiated the conflict, which Gordon attributes chiefly to Zurich's own expansionist religious policy.

The Cristero rebels fought in defense of Roman Catholic religious practice against state suppression, though the Church hierarchy itself did not officially direct the uprising.

The papacy formally sponsored later Reconquista campaigns as crusades from the twelfth century onward.

The tribunals were organs of the Catholic Church, under papal authority in the medieval and Roman inquisitions and under the Spanish crown from 1478.

An Eastern Catholic church in full communion with Rome, Byzantine in rite.

Trent's sixth session, in 1547, affirmed that grace makes a person genuinely righteous and that a justified person cooperates in meritorious works, and anathematized the proposition that the sinner is justified by faith alone.

The Council of Trent answered the principle in its fourth session in 1546, receiving the unwritten apostolic traditions with equal reverence alongside the canonical scriptures and reserving the interpretation of scripture to the church.

Trent's twenty-third session, in 1563, affirmed a visible and external priesthood in the New Testament and anathematized the view that all Christians alike hold power to preach and to administer the sacraments.

The Roman Catholic Church has prohibited membership of Freemasonry since 1738 and has restated the prohibition since, holding the obligations a candidate undertakes to be incompatible with the obedience a Catholic owes his church. A Catholic who joins is barred from communion.

The cult was suppressed by decree in 1900, which forbade writing or speaking of the relic on pain of the gravest censure. It is the clearest case of Rome closing down a devotion it had tolerated for centuries.

Calvin's works were placed on the Index of Prohibited Books, and the Council of Trent answered the Institutes point by point on justification, the sacraments and the authority of scripture.

Rome refused the statute, and those who would not swear to it, More and Fisher among them, are counted in the Roman calendar as martyrs.

Pius X condemned the separation law in 1906 and forbade the associations of worship it required, so the French church lost the use of its buildings rather than accept the arrangement.

Rome never received the Trullan canons. Pope Sergius refused to sign them, and several bear directly against Roman practice, including the canon permitting a married priesthood. This is a council the East holds and the West does not, which is the reverse of the usual direction.

The Roman catechism names astrology among the forms of divination to be rejected, together with horoscopes, clairvoyance, the interpretation of omens and recourse to mediums, on the ground that they contradict the honour owed to God alone.

The founders were Catholic, and the movement grew out of claimed Marian apparitions.

The abbess governs a community of nuns with the same authority within her house that an abbot has in his.

The abbot is elected by the professed monks of the house and holds it for life, and the Rule gives him wide discretion tempered by the counsel of the community.

Sung in full in the Byzantine Catholic churches in communion with Rome, and used in Latin parishes in translation as a devotion apart from the Mass.

The white full length tunic worn beneath the outer vestments by ministers of every rank.

Sung before the gospel and suppressed for the whole of Lent, so that its return at the Easter Vigil is heard as an event.

The altar is consecrated and anointed, and Latin practice reads it as the table of the supper and the place of the sacrifice at once.

The people's assent, said at the end of every prayer and at the receiving of communion.

The existence of angels is a truth of faith in Roman teaching, attested by scripture and by tradition together, and they appear throughout the liturgy.

Rome holds that the apostles had no successors in their office as witnesses of the resurrection, and that what passed to the bishops was their pastoral charge rather than the apostolate itself.

The sprinkler used at the rite of blessing water, at dedications and at the absolution of the dead.

Repeated fifty-three times in a full rosary.

Set as an antiphon in plainchant long before any composer took the text up, and sung on the Marian feasts.

The basilica was built to house the relics of the Passion brought from Jerusalem, and its earth is held to have been carried from there.

The basilica houses the small dark image of the Immaculate Conception recovered by fishermen in the eighteenth century, and is the national shrine of Brazil.

The tunic kept at Argenteuil is venerated as the seamless robe and is shown publicly at long intervals.

The beguines lived a religious life without vows and outside any order, which is exactly why they were repeatedly investigated and finally suppressed by a council. They were present in the medieval church and never regularised by it.

The stiffened square cap of the Latin clergy, whose colour and number of peaks mark the wearer's degree.

A distinct and highest order of the sacrament of orders, holding the fullness of the priesthood, and the only minister who can ordain.

The book of the hours, which clergy and religious are bound to pray daily.

Becket's shrine drew Catholic pilgrimage from across Europe until it was destroyed in 1538, and the cathedral remains a Catholic pilgrimage destination without being a Catholic church.

The college of cardinals exists so that there is a defined body of men who elect the pope, and membership carries precedence over every bishop who is not one.

Choir and everyday dress for the Latin clergy, worn under the surplice or the alb and coloured by rank, black for a priest, violet for a bishop, scarlet for a cardinal.

The cathedral holds the sudarium in a chest venerated since the medieval period, shown on a small number of fixed days a year.

The cup of the eucharist, required to be of noble material and blessed before use.

The cup at Valencia has been used by visiting popes at Mass, which is an honour paid to the tradition and not a judgement on the object.

Charity is the form of the virtues in Roman teaching, the love of God for his own sake that orders faith and hope to their end.

Chastity in Roman teaching is the successful integration of sexuality within the person, required of every baptised person in the form proper to their state of life.

The chasuble is the vestment proper to the priest celebrant at Mass in the Roman rite, worn over the alb and stole.

The monogram is cut into the paschal candle at the Easter vigil, worked into vestments and altar linen, and set on tombs. It is the older Christian sign in Roman use and it never displaced the cross.

The oil consecrated by the bishop at the chrism Mass, used at baptism, at confirmation, at ordination and at the dedication of an altar.

Bells are blessed, often named, and rung at the consecration as well as to call the parish.

The organ is named as the instrument held in the highest esteem in the Latin church, and its use is restrained rather than forbidden in the penitential seasons.

A priest alone may consecrate the Eucharist and absolve, and only a bishop may ordain, so the category is defined by what the laity may not do.

Ordinary daily dress for the secular clergy outside liturgical functions, in place of the cassock in most countries since the twentieth century.

The codex has been in the Vatican Library since at least its catalogue of 1475 and is among the manuscripts the modern Roman critical editions of the New Testament rest on.

Restored the Roman Catholic Church's legal standing in France

Augustine is the doctor whose account of grace, sin and the will the Roman tradition built on, and the Confessions is the work in which that account is set out as a life rather than as an argument.

The consecration of virgins living in the world was restored as a distinct vocation in 1970, and a woman so consecrated is answerable to her bishop rather than to a religious superior.

The full open mantle worn for processions, for benediction and for the offices, where a chasuble belongs only to the Eucharist.

The sign of the cross opens and closes every act of Latin worship, and a cross stands on or beside the altar at every Mass.

Kept in Paris and venerated publicly on the Fridays of Lent, and carried out of the burning cathedral in 2019 ahead of everything else in it.

A cross bearing the figure of Christ crucified is required to be visible to the people at Mass, so the sculpted corpus is not optional in the Roman rite.

The deacon's outer vestment at Mass, and worn by a bishop beneath the chasuble at a solemn pontifical liturgy to show that he holds the lower orders too.

A deacon is ordained but not to the priesthood, and since the Second Vatican Council the diaconate has been restored as a permanent office open to married men.

Saint Patrick's Breastplate is carried in the hymnals of Irish and diaspora parishes as devotion, and belongs to no part of the missal.

Rome holds the fall of the angels as a real event and retains a rite of exorcism reserved to the bishop's delegate, so the subject remains a matter of pastoral practice rather than of history.

The declaration on religious liberty holds that the human person has a right to immunity from coercion in religious matters, a position the Roman magisterium had previously refused.

The diocese is the basic unit of the Catholic church rather than a subdivision of it, and its bishop governs, ordains and teaches within his territory in his own right.

Envy is among the capital sins Rome enumerates, the sadness at another's good and the desire for it inordinately.

Unleavened wheat bread and grape wine, held after the consecration to be the body and blood of Christ under the appearance of bread and wine.

The sequence was taken out of the funeral Mass in the reform of 1970 and placed in the last week of the year in the Liturgy of the Hours, so the same verses are still sung but no longer over the dead. The older Roman rite keeps them in the Requiem.

In the Latin church a metropolitan is simply the archbishop of a province, with limited oversight of its suffragan dioceses and no rank between bishop and patriarch.

Rome has patriarchal sees in the Latin church and reckons Eastern Catholic patriarchs among its own hierarchy, but the title carries nothing like the standing it has in the East.

The Synod of Bishops established in 1965 advises the pope and does not legislate, so the word names a consultative body in Catholic use and a governing one almost everywhere else.

The Latin rite sings the thrice-holy once a year, in the reproaches of Good Friday and alternately in Greek and Latin, where the Byzantine rite sings it at every liturgy.

Atonement for sin through Christ is affirmed across Nicene Christianity, including this tradition.

The Holy See issued a joint statement in 2023 repudiating the concept of discovery that this bull and its successors were later used to support, and stating that they had never been expressions of the Catholic faith.

This bull is among the three the Holy See named in repudiating the concept of discovery in 2023, alongside an acknowledgement of the harm the doctrine was used to justify.

This bull is among the three the Holy See named in its 2023 repudiation of the concept of discovery, which it stated had been manipulated for political purposes by colonial powers.

The Code recognises the abbess as major superior of an autonomous monastery of nuns, holding the same ordinary power over her community that an abbot holds over his.

The Code recognises the abbot as major superior of an autonomous monastery, holding ordinary power over his community under the constitutions of his institute.

An act of contrition is required of the penitent in the sacrament of penance, in one of several approved forms.

Declared canonical scripture for the Roman Catholic Church at the Council of Trent, Session IV, 1546, as part of the Greek additions to Daniel.

Declared canonical scripture for the Roman Catholic Church at the Council of Trent, Session IV, 1546, as part of the Greek additions to Esther.

He made Catholicism the religion of the Kongo court, corresponded with Lisbon and Rome, and saw his son Henrique consecrated bishop in 1518.

The Agnus Dei is sung or said during the breaking of the bread in the Order of Mass.

A commemoration proper to the Roman Catholic calendar, resting on the doctrine of purgatory and intercession for the dead.

Almsgiving stands with prayer and fasting as one of the three works of penance this church names, and the corporal works of mercy give it its shape.

Ordained at Shanghai in 1845, the first Korean born Catholic priest, and executed the following year.

Since the Second Vatican Council the anointing has been offered to the seriously ill rather than only to the dying, and it may be received more than once.

Apocalyptic and eschatological revelation is received as canonical and doctrinally significant across Nicene Christianity, including this tradition.

Apostolic succession, an unbroken line of ordination from the apostles, is claimed and taught as doctrine by this tradition.

Canon 435 places an archdiocese under an archbishop, who is also metropolitan of his province and carries a defined and limited oversight of the suffragan dioceses within it.

An archbishop governs an ecclesiastical province or a major archdiocese, a rank above ordinary bishop, per the Code of Canon Law, canons 435 to 438.

The Shroud is owned by the Holy See and entrusted to the archbishop of Turin as its custodian, so the holder is a Catholic diocesan office rather than a museum.

Baptism is the gateway sacrament, ordinarily by pouring rather than immersion, and in an emergency it may be conferred validly by any person, including one who is not baptised.

Baptism is held to mark the soul with an indelible character and to found the whole Christian life, so that living the baptismal promises is the ordinary form of discipleship.

Santa Croce in Gerusalemme is a Catholic basilica in Rome founded to house relics of the Passion, and it holds them as a place of pilgrimage rather than as a collection.

National Marian shrine of the Roman Catholic Church in Brazil.

The Basilica of Saint-Denys at Argenteuil is a Catholic parish church, and the tunic it keeps is shown at intervals set by the diocese rather than on permanent display.

The beatific vision, the direct sight of God after death, is dogma per the papal bull Benedictus Deus, 1336.

Matches Roman Catholicism already carried alongside Christianity by the other Catholic religious institutions on file.

Held the papal office; his 2007 motu proprio Summorum Pontificum reopened general use of the pre-conciliar Roman Missal.

The Benedictus is the gospel canticle of Lauds, said every morning.

A Franciscan of the first missionary generation in Mexico.