Islam

Ash'ari kalam, the dominant school of Sunni theology, holds occasionalism as a defense of unlimited divine power, developed influentially by Al-Ghazali.

This edge names tradition membership rather than a contested claim in its own right. Rachel's Tomb's own tradition fact already records it as Jewish and Islamic, in full.

One building, divided since 1994, entered separately as a synagogue and as a mosque under military control.

The Damascus killings were carried out by a local Muslim mob, joined by some irregular fighters, and scholarship including Rogan's holds the Ottoman provincial governor, himself Muslim, responsible for failing to prevent or halt the violence; an international commission of inquiry and the Ottoman government's own later executions of implicated officials treated it as a grave crime rather than a legitimate religious act. This edge names the perpetrating mob's and the failing officials' religious identity as the historical sources give it; it is not an assertion that Islam as a religion caused the massacre, and mainstream Ottoman Islamic authority itself punished those responsible.

The island's Muslim Moor trading community was the target of the rioting and the property destruction that ran through the summer of 1915.

Muslim residents of Ahmedabad were the overwhelming majority of those killed and dispossessed in the riots, per Kumar's study and the Reddy Commission's own findings.

Muslim residents of Ahmedabad and other Gujarat cities and towns were the overwhelming majority of those killed, displaced and dispossessed in the violence.

The formative centuries of Islamic law, theology and science fall under Abbasid rule, and Baghdad was their working centre.

Sunni Islam of the Hanafi school predominates, with a Shia Hazara minority; about 99% Muslim overall.

The tradition's liturgical, scriptural or ancestral language belongs to this family.

The largest affiliation at about 57 per cent, making Albania the only European country with a Muslim majority; Tirana has been the world headquarters of the Bektashi order since 1925.

About 99 per cent Sunni Maliki, with a distinct Ibadi community among the Mozabite Berbers of the Mzab valley.

Founded the Mouridiyya, one of the great Sufi orders of West Africa, teaching a pacifist path of work and devotion under colonial rule.

A tradition held by peoples inside this grouping. The grouping is not itself a religious body.

The Amman Message, endorsed in the city in July 2005, set out three points on the boundaries of Islam.

Arab traders carried Islam to the Malabar and Konkan coasts centuries before any Muslim army reached southern India.

Islam arose among the Arabs and made Arabic its liturgical language.

The Archaeological Survey of India's collections include Islamic era inscriptions.

About 96 per cent of the population, with a Shia majority inherited from Safavid rule and a substantial Sunni minority.

The state religion, with a Shia majority among citizens under a Sunni ruling family, a configuration central to the politics of 2011 and after.

About 91 per cent of the population, Sunni of the Hanafi school, spread historically through Sufi teachers rather than conquest.

About 7 per cent of the population, of Moroccan and Turkish origin and concentrated in Brussels and the industrial cities; a state funded recognised faith since 1974.

Eastern Bengal has a Muslim majority shaped by centuries of Sufi preaching.

Muslim personal law was codified separately under the same administration.

A large Muslim community alongside Vodun and Christianity.

About 51 per cent of the population, present since Ottoman rule from 1463, with Naqshbandi and Mevlevi tekkes and a distinctive urban endowment culture.

Roughly a tenth of the population, comprising ethnic Turks and Bulgarian speaking Pomaks, subjected to a forced renaming campaign in the 1980s.

About 63 per cent of the population, mostly Sunni Maliki with strong Tijaniyya influence, under severe pressure from jihadist violence since 2015.

A small minority, concentrated in Bujumbura and the trading towns along the historic caravan routes.

The Mingana Collection includes the two parchment leaves of a Quran radiocarbon dated in 2015 to between 568 and 645 CE.

About 20 per cent of the population, concentrated in the north where Fulani emirates established after the Sokoto jihad still structure authority.

The Seleka coalition that launched the war was drawn overwhelmingly from the country's Muslim minority.

Bukhara and Samarkand became centres of Islamic learning after the Arab conquests.

Classical Arabic is the canon language of Islam, the language of the Qur'an and of the five daily prayers regardless of a worshipper's native tongue.

The Turkish Cypriot community is Sunni Muslim, and the Hala Sultan Tekke at Larnaca is a major regional shrine.

The house holds the parchments recovered from the roof of the Great Mosque of Sana'a, including the palimpsest that is the only substantial witness to a Quranic text beside the standard one.

The Quran retells the destruction of the cities of the plain in the account of Lut, naming their ruins as a sign for those who pass by.

The Bahmani kingdom and the Deccan sultanates brought Persianate Islam to the plateau.

Alongside Timbuktu, Djenne was a major center of Islamic scholarship, home to Quranic schools, in the Mali and later Songhai empires.

East Africa carries a long Swahili coast history of Islam carried by Indian Ocean trade.

About 90% Sunni Muslim.

The Egyptian state body responsible for administering waqf, Islamic religious endowments, and overseeing the country's mosques.

About 32 to 34% Muslim, mostly Sunni.

Reads the classical schools of Islamic fiqh against the conditions of Muslims living as minorities in Europe.

Akbar and the great majority of the Din-i-Ilahi's courtier following were formally Muslim; the order layered a personal discipleship and comparative ethic on top of that base rather than replacing it wholesale.

Friday (Yawm al-Jumu'ah) is the day of congregational prayer in Islam; the noon Jumu'ah prayer at the mosque is obligatory for Muslim men.

The agitation was organized by Muslim religious parties under an explicitly Islamic banner, demanding Ahmadis be declared outside the fold of Islam by law; this edge connects that organizing identity to the riots without asserting the violence as Islam's own position, since the Munir Report itself found no consensus even among the testifying ulema on the theological question the agitation claimed to settle.