Home›Sources›The Encyclopedia of TaoismSourcesThe Encyclopedia of TaoismCitation FormatsGeneral ReferenceGeneral Reference Citation TextDivinity Atlas. "The Encyclopedia of Taoism." Accessed August 30, 2026. https://www.divinityatlas.com/sources/the-encyclopedia-of-taoism.Copy General ReferenceAPA StyleAPA Style Citation TextDivinity Atlas. (n.d.). The Encyclopedia of Taoism. Retrieved August 30, 2026, from https://www.divinityatlas.com/sources/the-encyclopedia-of-taoismCopy APA StyleBibTeXBibTeX Citation Text@misc{divinityatlas-the-encyclopedia-of-taoism, author = {Divinity Atlas}, title = {The Encyclopedia of Taoism}, year = {2026}, url = {https://www.divinityatlas.com/sources/the-encyclopedia-of-taoism}, note = {Accessed August 30, 2026} }Copy BibTeXThis reference was assembled specifically to give Daoism the kind of dedicated, specialist encyclopedia that older general reference works on Chinese religion had not attempted, with entries on individual texts, deities, schools and practices written by scholars working in Daoist studies specifically rather than China specialists writing more generally. That specialization, not the name of its publisher, is the real basis for treating it as a strong source here. This record has not independently traced a documented history of revisions between printings. It is a strong source for established facts about Daoist religion, its textual canon and its historical schools. As a reference work its entries summarize a field, so a claim needing depth on one specific lineage or a live textual controversy may need a dedicated specialist study alongside it.FactsCross-Tradition ConnectionsClaims Backed By This Source (1,106 claims)Comments (0)Reader Challenges (0 open reader challenges)FactsAssessmentReliability TierWell-attested1Tier one: an academic reference work of roughly eight hundred entries by forty six named specialist contributors, edited by Fabrizio Pregadio, published by Routledge and recognized by the American Library Association as an outstanding reference source.NotesWell-attestedStandard scholarly reference encyclopedia on Daoism (Taoism), covering texts, deities, schools, practices and history from antiquity through the modern period. Use for established facts about Daoist religion, texts and practice.CitationAuthorWell-attestedFabrizio Pregadio (ed.)PublisherWell-attestedRoutledgePublication YearWell-attested2008URLWell-attestedhttps://goldenelixir.com/publications/eot.htmlSource TypeWell-attestedreferenceCross-Tradition ConnectionsAssociated WithChina, Countries Well-attested This source names China directly: "studies specifically rather than China specialists writing more generally."Source The Encyclopedia of TaoismFabrizio Pregadio (ed.)tier 1Claims Backed By This Source (1,106 claims)This source backs 1,106 claims across the atlas. As facts: 810 well-attested, 19 scholarly debate, 4 popular myth - corrected, 1 open question. As cited relationships: 133 holds, 6 connected, 2 held Differently. Plus 131 entities citing it as a general reference with no single fact or relationship attached.Disposition By TopicDeities, 384 claims: 309 well-attested, 8 scholarly debate, 33 holds, 34 general references.Articles, 172 claims: 157 well-attested, 1 connected, 14 general references.Denominations, 64 claims: 47 well-attested, 8 holds, 3 connected, 2 held Differently, 4 general references.Historical Figures, 55 claims: 30 well-attested, 7 scholarly debate, 12 holds, 6 general references.Practices, 55 claims: 43 well-attested, 2 scholarly debate, 3 holds, 7 general references.Doctrines, 40 claims: 18 well-attested, 17 holds, 5 general references.Sacred Sites, 33 claims: 27 well-attested, 2 holds, 4 general references.Beliefs & Restrictions, 28 claims: 22 well-attested, 6 general references.Religious Events, 28 claims: 14 well-attested, 1 scholarly debate, 1 open question, 7 holds, 5 general references.Religious Roles & Titles, 24 claims: 15 well-attested, 4 holds, 5 general references.Esoteric Texts, 23 claims: 16 well-attested, 1 scholarly debate, 3 holds, 3 general references.Mantras, 23 claims: 17 well-attested, 4 holds, 2 general references.Scriptures & Texts, 22 claims: 8 well-attested, 10 holds, 4 general references.Disciplines, 14 claims: 7 well-attested, 4 holds, 3 general references.Religious Organization & Structure, 14 claims: 10 well-attested, 2 holds, 2 general references.Religious Symbols, 12 claims: 6 well-attested, 4 popular myth - corrected, 1 holds, 1 general references.Literary Works, 11 claims: 5 well-attested, 5 holds, 1 general references.Spread Events, 11 claims: 4 well-attested, 6 holds, 1 general references.Organizations, 10 claims: 8 well-attested, 1 holds, 1 general references.Subcategories, 10 claims: 7 well-attested, 3 general references.Pantheons, 9 claims: 8 well-attested, 1 general references.Parts of the Soul, 9 claims: 6 well-attested, 1 connected, 2 general references.Sources, 9 claims: 8 well-attested, 1 holds.Open Questions, 8 claims: 6 well-attested, 1 connected, 1 general references.Sacred Objects & Ritual Items, 8 claims: 4 well-attested, 1 holds, 3 general references.Religious Offices, 6 claims: 4 well-attested, 1 holds, 1 general references.Rituals, 6 claims: 1 well-attested, 3 holds, 2 general references.Figures, 4 claims: 2 well-attested, 2 general references.Prayers, 4 claims: 1 well-attested, 2 holds, 1 general references.Mythical Creatures, 3 claims: 3 general references.Holidays & Festivals, 2 claims: 1 holds, 1 general references.Religions, 2 claims: 1 holds, 1 general references.Sacred Architecture, 2 claims: 1 holds, 1 general references.Bodies of Water, 1 claims: 1 general references.Well-attested810ArticlesA Debate the Daoists LostA Deified Laozi Speaks From a MountainA Department of Nurturing LifeA Figure the Tradition Left UnfixedA First-Century Skeptic Took on the Kitchen GodA Founder Known Through His GrandsonA Historical Nephew, and What Was Built on HimA Lineage in Exile, and a Succession Nobody Agrees OnA Literary and Meditative SchoolA Loyal General Made a GodA Married PriesthoodA Mountain Lineage Given Authority Over the RestA Name Attached to the Inner AlchemyA Painting That Made the Demon Queller PoliticalA Peasant Army in Yellow ClothA Petition to an OfficeA Priestess of the Celestial Masters Who Became a RevealerA Regional Tradition That Survived Best Outside Mainland ChinaA Revelation That Founded a Tax Paying ChurchA Revelation, and a LibraryA Rite That Does Not Run on a Fixed CalendarA Seat, a Flight, and a Contested SuccessionAn Invocation for the Dying, Attested in the CanonAn Inward and Visionary TaoismAn Island That Flees the SeekerBetween the Laboratory and the OfficeBreaking the Fortress, and Who Pays for ItChunyang: A Patriarch With a Popular CultCirculating the EnergyCorrecting Jupiter: The Astronomical Origin of a Folk GodCultivating the Vital EnergyDaoism Given a Monastic Form Parallel to the SanghaEffortless Action (Wu Wei)From Geography to Inner AlchemyFrom Monastery Instruction to Qigong ClassFrom the Ancient Soil Altar to the Corner ShrineFrom the Outer Furnace to the InnerFrom Village Girl to Empress of HeavenGraves First, Then Houses, Then the ExportHarmony with the TaoHow the Dragon King Lost His Signature WeaponHow the Texts SurvivedInvoking the Heavenly Worthy Who Saves from SufferingLaozi Enthroned Among ThemLaozi, and a Book with No Single AuthorLords of the WatersMica, and a Girl Who Stopped Needing FoodMonastic Asceticism (Complete Reality)Monks in a Land of PriestsMonks, in a Religion That Had Not Had ThemShowing 1 to 50 of 242 entities carrying this claim. NextScholarly debate19DeitiesCao GuojiuHe XianguLan CaiheLü DongbinZhongli QuanEsoteric TextsThe Liezi (Book of Master Lie)Historical FiguresGe HongWei HuacunZhang DaolingPracticesFangzhongshuReligious EventsThe Revelation to Zhang DaolingPopular myth - corrected4Religious SymbolsTaijituOpen question1Religious EventsThe Yellow Turban RebellionHolds133DeitiesBixia YuanjunCao GuojiuCity GodDoumuErlang ShenHan XiangziHe XianguJade EmperorLan CaiheLei GongLi TieguaiLü DongbinSanguan Dadi (The Three Officials)Tai SuiTaibai JinxingTudigongWenchang Wang (Wenchang Dijun)Xuantian Shangdi (Zhenwu)Yue LaoZhang GuolaoZhongli QuanDenominationsDragon GateQuanzhen (Complete Reality)Zhengyi (Orthodox Unity)DisciplinesFeng ShuiQigongDoctrinesDaoDeHousehold ReligionPuZiranEsoteric TextsTao Te ChingThe Liezi (Book of Master Lie)Historical FiguresGe HongSun Bu'erWei HuacunZhang DaolingZhang EnpuHolidays & FestivalsHungry Ghost FestivalLiterary WorksChuzhen Jie (Precepts of Initial Perfection)MantrasJiutian Yingyuan Leisheng Puhua TianzunNamo Taiyi Jiuku TianzunOrganizationsCelestial MastersPracticesMicrocosmic orbitSpirit writingWaidan (external alchemy)PrayersDaoist Three RefugesReligionsTaoismReligious EventsThe Burning of the Daoist CanonThe Founding of QuanzhenShowing 1 to 50 of 69 entities carrying this claim. NextConnected6ArticlesOne Lineage Among Two Very Different PriesthoodsDenominationsQuanzhen (Complete Reality)Shangqing (Highest Clarity)Zhengyi (Orthodox Unity)Open QuestionsHow Many Died in the Yellow Turban Rebellion?Parts of the SoulHunHeld Differently2DenominationsDragon GateQuanzhen (Complete Reality)General References131ArticlesA Priestess of the Celestial Masters Who Became a RevealerOne Lineage Among Two Very Different PriesthoodsOne Title Among Many Taoist PriestsStabilising the Hun: Neidan and the Settled SpiritTaoism's Pantheon and Chinese Folk Religion, One Roster, Two SystemsThe Goddess Who Keeps the Ledger of How Long You LiveThe Housewife Who Became the Seventh PerfectedThe Patriarch Who Founded a School She Never SawThe Qingjing Lineage and a Woman's Path to the TaoThe Three Pure Ones and the Eight ImmortalsThree Hun, Seven Po: Why the Two Counts DifferThree Tiers, Not One VowWang Changyue's Reform and the Precepts of Initial PerfectionWhat a Precept Text ReplacedBeliefs & RestrictionsLineage of the Celestial MastersMarried ritual priesthoodMonastic celibacy and asceticism (Complete Reality)Ordination Descends Through a Codified Monastic Precept LineageVisualization of inner and celestial deitiesYin and yangBodies of WaterMin RiverDeitiesBaosheng DadiBixia YuanjunCaishenCao GuojiuCity GodDoumuDragon KingErlang ShenGuan YuHan XiangziHe XianguJade EmperorKitchen GodLan CaiheLei GongLi TieguaiLü DongbinMazuNezhaQueen Mother of the WestSanguan Dadi (The Three Officials)Tai SuiTaibai JinxingThe Eight ImmortalsThe Three Pure OnesTudigongWenchang Wang (Wenchang Dijun)Xuantian Shangdi (Zhenwu)YanluoShowing 1 to 50 of 129 entities carrying this claim. 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