Orthodox Judaism

This source names Orthodox Judaism directly: "finding 10 percent identifying with Orthodox Judaism and 6 percent with a group of smaller movements Pew names as including Reconstructionist and Jewish Renewal Judaism."

This source names Orthodox Judaism directly: "of the Chabad-Lubavitch movement of Orthodox Judaism, to child sexual abuse allegations."

This source names Orthodox Judaism directly: "My Jewish Learning's overview of Orthodox Judaism and LGBTQ issues: states that across the spectrum of Orthodox practice the consensus view is that gay sex and marriage are inconsistent with Jewish..."

This source names Orthodox Judaism directly: "study, historically restricted within Orthodox Judaism to married men of a certain age, to secular Jews, non-Jews and women."

This source names Orthodox Judaism directly: "and its setting within Lithuanian Orthodox Judaism."

This source names Orthodox Judaism directly: "code of Jewish law across much of Orthodox Judaism to the present."

This source names Orthodox Judaism directly: "A compiled reference page on Orthodox Judaism's stance on LGBTQ issues."

This source names Orthodox Judaism directly: "Wikipedia's article on Orthodox Judaism, a continuously edited tertiary source with no fixed publication year, accessed 2026-08-20."

Said at the close of every service, standing, with the bowing at the appointed line.

Maimonides took this codex as his model for the writing of a Torah scroll, which gave it an authority in rabbinic law that no other manuscript has.

Maimonides took the Aleppo codex as his exemplar for the rules of writing a scroll, which is what made it the authority for the text and its divisions rather than one manuscript among many.

Nineteen benedictions said standing and silently, facing Jerusalem with the feet together, three times a day and a fourth on Sabbaths and festivals.

The rabbinic court conducts conversion, religious divorce and dietary supervision, and its rulings are accepted across the Orthodox world.

The spice box is used at the close of the Sabbath, its scent given as consolation for the departing additional soul.

Named among the ingredients of the holy oil and of the compound, and its identification is argued over rather than settled.

The hazzan leads the congregation in prayer, and in the Orthodox understanding he is the emissary of the congregation rather than a performer before it.

Named among the spices of the temple compound and among the ingredients of the anointing oil, and known now only through the recitation.

The Talmud speaks of harmful spirits and the tradition preserves those passages, though they have never carried the doctrinal weight that the angels do.

One of the eleven spices of the temple compound. The offering ceased with the temple, and the passage naming the ingredients is recited daily in its place.

The gabbai runs the service from the floor, assigning the honours and keeping the order, and the office is held by a layman.

Gabriel is named in Daniel and stands at the left hand in the bedtime Shema formula of the Ashkenazi rite.

Named in the temple compound and singled out in the tradition as the bitter ingredient without which the rest is invalid, read as a lesson about who belongs in a congregation.

The order of the Passover meal, the most frequently printed and most frequently illustrated Jewish book.

Six psalms said as a unit on festivals and new moons, with the congregation answering lines back to the leader.

The hand is a household amulet of Sephardi and Mizrahi families rather than a sign of the religion, and rabbinic opinion on wearing it has run from tolerance to a charge of superstition.

Eight lights and a servant light, kindled at nightfall and set where they can be seen from the street.

The cantor elaborates the received modes rather than composing over them, and the office is a trade learned from another cantor.

Punctuates every service, and is said by mourners for eleven months after a death and on the anniversary.

Head covering for men is treated as settled custom with the force of law, worn through the day and not only at prayer.

The white robe is worn on the Day of Atonement, at the Passover meal by the leader, under the wedding canopy in many communities, and finally as a shroud.

The kohen is the priest of Israel by descent in the male line from Aaron, and the priestly honours and the restrictions on whom a kohen may marry are kept in Orthodox practice.

Chanted three times before nightfall at the opening of Yom Kippur, its melody older in the congregation's memory than its legal content.

Sung to welcome the Sabbath on Friday evening, the congregation turning toward the door at the last verse.

The codex is the complete manuscript the modern scholarly editions of the Hebrew Bible are set from, which is a standing in the academy rather than in the synagogue.

The festival prayer book, carrying the additional poetry that belongs to each of the appointed days.

The kosher supervisor is appointed by a certifying agency or an institution and is answerable to the rabbinic authority behind it.

Metatron appears in the Talmud, which Orthodox Judaism receives, and is discussed there with a caution the tradition has preserved rather than resolved.

Fixed to the right doorpost of every room used for living, holding a handwritten parchment rather than a decorative case alone.

The bedtime Shema in the Ashkenazi rite sets Michael at the right hand of the one lying down, Gabriel at the left, Uriel in front and Raphael behind, which is the most widely said angelic text in Orthodox practice.

Orthodox practice counts ten adult men, and the parts of the service that require a quorum are omitted where ten are not present.

Maimonides' Mishneh Torah is held as an authoritative code of Jewish law.

The mohel performs the circumcision on the eighth day, and the obligation rests on the father, whom the mohel acts for.

Which mode a service is sung in tells a listener what day it is before a word of the text does.

Named in the temple compound. What the ingredient actually was is not settled and the tradition itself does not agree, so the recitation preserves the word rather than the substance.

The posek is the rabbi whose ruling on a question of law is accepted as authoritative, and the standing is earned by recognition rather than conferred by appointment.

The name is written and not pronounced. Adonai is read in prayer and Hashem outside it, and the pronunciation went with the priesthood that used it.

The rabbi is a teacher and a judge rather than a priest, ordained by other rabbis, and Orthodox ordination is held by men only.

The tomb at the entrance to Bethlehem is a place of Jewish pilgrimage, particularly for women, and the anniversary of Rachel's death is kept there.

Raphael stands behind the sleeper in the bedtime Shema formula, and his name, God heals, is read in the tradition as his office.

The town is where the sixteenth century kabbalists worked, and the liturgy for the eve of the sabbath composed there entered the prayer book of almost every Jewish community.

The plate arranges the symbolic foods of the Passover meal in the order the telling requires.

The wig satisfies the obligation to cover in most Ashkenazi communities and is refused in some Sephardi and Hasidic ones on the ground that it does not look like a covering at all.

Recited morning and evening, written in the mezuzah and the tefillin, and said as the last words before death.

Sounded through the month of Elul and on the new year, and the hearing of it rather than the blowing is the obligation.

The named blast patterns are sounded through the month of Elul and in the appointed number on Rosh Hashanah.

The Shulchan Aruch is held as the standard authoritative code of practical halakha.

The daily prayer book, whose order and wording differ between the Ashkenazi, Sephardi and Hasidic rites without the structure changing.

The sofer writes the Torah scrolls, the tefillin and the mezuzot by hand, and a single wrong letter makes the whole scroll unfit.

Named among the spices of the temple compound, and the same aromatic the gospels record being poured out at Bethany.

The hexagram became the sign of the Jewish community in Europe only in the modern period, adopted as a communal and later a national emblem. It has no liturgical office and no rite calls for it.

The fringed prayer shawl is worn by adult men at the morning service, and by a groom from marriage in most Ashkenazi custom.

The small four cornered garment is worn under the shirt through the day so that the commandment of the fringes is kept and not only at prayer.

Bound on the arm and the head at the weekday morning service, containing the four passages written by hand on parchment.

The burial place of the patriarchs and matriarchs, and the second holiest site in Judaism after the Temple Mount.

The ban was pronounced by the Portuguese congregation of Amsterdam in 1656 and has never been lifted; requests to lift it have been considered and declined.

The Ashkenazi ban on polygamy and on divorcing a wife without her consent has bound Ashkenazi Jewry for a thousand years and is treated as settled law.

The site of the Temple and the direction toward which Jewish prayer is said. The rabbinate has held since 1967 that Jews may not ascend, because the position of the holy of holies is uncertain and the purification required to enter it cannot now be performed.

The plaza is administered as an Orthodox synagogue, with men and women separated by a partition under the authority of the rabbi of the wall.

A married woman covers her hair. The scarf is one of the accepted forms and the choice between them is a matter of community custom.

The scrolls are kept in a cabinet on the wall facing Jerusalem, and the congregation stands when it is opened.

The Torah is read by the accents, which carry the phrasing and the syntax as well as the tune.

Written by hand on parchment by a trained scribe, and disqualified for use by a single missing or malformed letter.

The fringes are the commandment; the garment exists to carry them, which is why a four cornered undergarment is worn to make the obligation possible.

Uriel stands in front of the sleeper in the bedtime Shema formula, the fourth of the four archangels the Ashkenazi rite names.

The pointer keeps the reader's hand off the parchment and keeps the place in a text written without vowels or punctuation.

Rabbinic tradition holds the Ark to have been hidden before the first temple fell rather than destroyed or carried off, and makes no claim to possess it. The Torah ark of a synagogue is named for it and is not it.

Orthodox Judaism refuses the platform outright, since it denies the binding force of the commandments that Orthodox practice exists to keep.

The Talmud itself carries an argument over whether the constellations govern Israel, and Maimonides ruled judicial astrology a falsehood, so the tradition holds a live criticism alongside older passages that take the stars seriously.

Tzedakah is a duty of justice rather than an act of generosity, and the word does not mean charity.

The Amidah is said standing, silently, and then repeated aloud by the reader where a quorum is present.

Avinu Malkeinu is said in the penitential season and on fast days.

A boy becomes obligated at thirteen and reads from the Torah. A girl becomes obligated at twelve, and the manner in which that is publicly marked varies widely across this body and is not a Torah reading.

The groom veils the bride before the ceremony.

The search for leaven is made by candlelight on the night before Passover eve.

The grace after meals is said in full after any meal with bread.

Brit Milah is performed by a mohel on the eighth day, and the day is not moved for convenience.

Burial is in the earth, without embalming, ordinarily within a day.

The hazzan leads congregational prayer as the shaliach tzibbur, the community's emissary, a standard office in Orthodox synagogue life.

Israel's election at Sinai for the Torah and its commandments is affirmed in essentially its classical, particularist form.

The marriage is solemnised under the canopy.

Orthodox practice holds brit milah on the eighth day without exception unless the child's health forbids, performed by a trained mohel with blessings and the naming, and the day is not deferred for the Sabbath or a festival.

Coming of age is a matter of obligation taking effect at a fixed age rather than of a ceremony conferring it.

The covenant at Sinai is read as binding in its own terms, obligating this people to the commandments as given.

Creation from nothing by divine will is held, following the classical rabbinic and medieval Jewish philosophical reading of the opening of Genesis.

The judge of a rabbinical court sits under the law of the Shulchan Aruch's Choshen Mishpat, which governs the constitution of a beit din, the competence required of those who sit on it and the procedure it follows.

Elohai Neshamah is said on waking.

The public fasts of the calendar are kept, the two full fasts from sunset to nightfall and the four minor fasts from dawn.

The gabbai assigns Torah honours and corrects the public reading in Orthodox synagogue services.

Acts of loving kindness are held as one of the pillars on which the world stands, and the obligation is unlimited in a way that charity is not.

Conversion requires acceptance of the commandments before a rabbinic court, circumcision where applicable, and immersion, and conversions performed outside this body are not recognised.

Hakafot are made with the Torah scrolls on Simchat Torah.

Halakha is held divinely given at Sinai and binding in its full detail, the classical Orthodox position.

Hashkiveinu is said at the evening service.

Hoshanot are said with the four species on each day of Sukkot.

Kabbalat Shabbat opens the Sabbath on Friday evening.

Orthodox observance keeps the full detail: separate dishes and sinks for meat and dairy, a waiting period after meat before dairy, reliance on recognised rabbinic supervision for processed food, and separate arrangements for Passover.

Visiting the graves of parents and of the righteous is customary before the High Holy Days.

Betrothal and marriage, once separate by a year, are performed together under the canopy.

A garment is torn by the mourners.

Maariv is prayed at night.

Marriage is contracted by the giving of an object of value in the presence of two witnesses, and it is followed by the seven blessings.

Orthodox kashrut certification agencies and yeshivos both maintain the mashgiach office in its two senses.

The Masoretic Text is held as the authoritative Hebrew text of the Tanakh.

The dead are remembered at Yizkor on four days of the year.

A personal Messiah and the rebuilding of the Temple are awaited literally, per Maimonides' twelfth principle of faith.

Midrashic literature is held as authoritative rabbinic interpretation of scripture.

Immersion is required for conversion, for family purity, and for vessels bought from a non-Jew.

Mincha is prayed in the afternoon.

The Mishnah, the Talmud's foundational layer, is held as authoritative rabbinic tradition reaching back to Sinai.

Maimonides' Mishneh Torah is held as an authoritative code of Jewish law.

The commandments are held as divine obligations, six hundred and thirteen of them, and their performance is the ordinary shape of a Jewish life.

Circumcision and the fitness of the one who performs it are governed by the Shulchan Aruch's Yoreh De'ah, which fixes the rite, its timing and the conditions under which it may be deferred.

Orthodox mohelim perform brit milah as the father's halakhic agent.

The Mourner's Kaddish is said for eleven months by a child for a parent, and it requires a quorum.

Musaf is prayed on Sabbaths, new moons and festivals, and it asks in plain words for the restoration of the Temple and its offerings.

Mussar, the disciplined work on character, entered the yeshiva world in the nineteenth century and is taught in many of them.

A boy is named at his circumcision, a girl at a Torah reading.

Hands are washed with a vessel on rising and before eating bread.

The laws of family purity are kept, with immersion in a mikveh at their conclusion, and they are among the observances that most distinguish this body in practice.

Nusach Ashkenaz is used in the congregations of this body descended from the communities of the Rhineland and eastern Europe.

Nusach Edot HaMizrach is used in the Sephardi and Mizrahi congregations of this body.

Nusach Sefard is used in the Hasidic congregations of this body.

Orthodox observance keeps the full thirty-nine categories of forbidden work, so no writing, cooking, carrying outside an eruv, or use of electricity, with timers set beforehand, and the day given to synagogue, meals, study and rest.

God is addressed as almighty throughout the daily liturgy, which this stream keeps without alteration on this point.

The Oral Torah in its entirety is held as revealed at Sinai alongside the Written Torah and equally binding.

Oseh Shalom closes the Amidah and the Kaddish.

The Seder is conducted from the Haggadah in full, with the four cups and the four questions.

Pesukei Dezimra opens the morning service.

A firstborn son of a mother is redeemed from a kohen on the thirty-first day, unless the father is a kohen or a levi.

Pilgrimage to the Western Wall and to the graves of the righteous stands in place of the three pilgrim festivals that required attendance at a Temple that no longer stands.

Orthodox Judaism follows the classical model: an individual posek, recognized through scholarship and communal trust, rules on halakhic questions.

Prayer is obligatory, fixed in text and in time, and the obligation falls on men three times daily.

Prophecy is held to have been real and to have ceased with the later biblical prophets, its record now closed and read through the tradition.

The Purim play is a licensed annual reversal, and in the yeshivot it is turned on the institution itself.

Orthodox Judaism ordains rabbis through yeshiva semicha; the mainstream movement does not ordain women.

The Council's members are Orthodox rabbis, most of them in the Modern Orthodox current.

Orthodox communities recognize the rebbetzin's informal teaching and counseling authority, especially on questions of family purity.

Redemption is held as a future and public event, national as well as individual, tied to the coming of the messiah and the return from exile.

Bodily resurrection of the dead is affirmed literally, per Maimonides' thirteenth principle of faith.

The Omer is counted aloud, with a blessing, on each of the forty-nine nights.

Selichot are said in the penitential season and on the fast days.

The Sabbath as a day of prescribed rest, prayer and meals is the frame the whole week is built on.

Shacharit is prayed daily, ordinarily with a quorum of ten, with tefillin on weekdays.

The Shema is said morning and evening as a Torah obligation and again before sleep.

The body is watched continuously from death until burial.

The seven blessings are said under the canopy and repeated at meals through the following week.

Seven days of mourning are kept at home, the mourners seated low and not going out.

Thirty days of lesser mourning follow the seven.

The slaughterer's qualification and practice are governed in detail by the Shulchan Aruch's Yoreh De'ah, which sets both the law of shechitah and the requirement that a shochet be examined and licensed before he may act for a community.

The Shulchan Aruch is held as the standard authoritative code of practical halakha.

The scribe's work is governed by the Shulchan Aruch's Yoreh De'ah, which sets the law for the writing of Torah scrolls, tefillin and mezuzot, down to the forming of the letters and the intention required while writing the divine name.

Orthodox communities require a Torah scroll, tefillin and mezuzot written by a qualified sofer to the full halakhic standard.

Scribal work on Torah scrolls, tefillin and mezuzot is done to the received halakhic standards, and a scroll that fails them is not used.

The body is washed and purified by the burial society before dressing.

The Talmud, recording the Oral Torah, is held as authoritative and binding alongside the Written Torah.

The Tanakh is Judaism's foundational scripture, held as divinely revealed.

Repentance is held as a real and available return, structured through the ten days between the new year and the day of atonement.

In continuous use since the thirteenth century, apart from the years of the German occupation.

The seat of the Vilna Gaon and of the Mitnagdic opposition to Hasidism. The building was destroyed in the Holocaust and afterwards.

Repair of the world is read in its older liturgical and kabbalistic sense, the ordering of the world under God rather than a programme of social reform.

Maaser, the tenth, is given from income, and the practice survived the loss of the agricultural tithes it began as.

The Torah, the Five Books of Moses, is held as verbatim divine revelation given at Sinai.

Affirmed per Maimonides' eighth and ninth principles of faith: the Torah in hand, written and oral, is the very revelation given to Moses at Sinai and stands unchanged.

A boy's first haircut is delayed to his third birthday.

The Yahrzeit is kept with Kaddish and a lamp on the anniversary of a death.

The couple withdraw alone after the ceremony, which completes the marriage in halakhah.

Yizkor is said on Yom Kippur and on the last days of the three festivals.

Halakha as binding and divinely given, developed by authorised interpretation but not subject to revision on other grounds.

Orthodox authorities retain the requirement of chalitzah in full, and Israeli courts can imprison a refusing brother in law.