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France

Also Known As French
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France is constitutionally secular under the principle of laicite, formally separating church and state under a 1905 law, even as the country remains historically and architecturally Roman Catholic, home to Chartres, Notre Dame and Lourdes, one of Catholicism's most visited pilgrimage sites for its reported Marian apparitions. France also holds Western Europe's largest Muslim and Jewish populations, and the state's strict secularism has produced recurring public disputes over religious dress and symbols in schools and public life. Medieval France was a center of Christian mysticism and scholastic theology, and also of the Cathar heresy suppressed by the Albigensian Crusade in the thirteenth century. Nineteenth century Paris later became a hub for spiritualism and occult revival, including the ceremonial magic of Eliphas Levi.

Facts
Law and State
Establishment Status
Disestablished 3
The 1801 Concordat between Napoleon and Pius VII had made Catholicism the religion of the great majority of French citizens with clergy salaried by the state; the loi du 9 decembre 1905 concernant la separation des Eglises et de l'Etat ended this, disestablishing the church and providing that the Republic neither recognizes, salaries nor subsidizes any religion.
State Funding MechanismSourced to the subject's own account
France funds no religion by law nationally: the 1905 law on the Separation of the Churches and the State abrogated Napoleon's 1801 Concordat everywhere except Alsace-Moselle, which was under German annexation in 1905 and never received the 1905 law. There the 1801 Concordat still governs, and under a 1993 mechanism the state pays the salaries of priests, pastors and rabbis of the region's four recognized traditions, an arrangement estimated at 54 million euros a year as of 2012, with bishops appointed by the president after Holy See agreement. 4
Apostasy or Blasphemy Law
France abolished its national blasphemy offense in 1881. The Alsace-Moselle region kept a separate one, inherited from the German Criminal Code of 1871 at Articles 166 and 167 of its own local penal code, because the region was under German rule when France repealed the national offense and the local law was never revised to match. That local blasphemy offense was repealed by the Equality and Citizenship law of 27 January 2017, after renewed calls for abolition following the 2015 Charlie Hebdo attack. 5
Registration or Recognition Regime
The 1905 law lets a religious body organize as an association cultuelle (worship association) under Title IV of the law, a status carrying tax advantages tied to worship activity specifically but no state recognition of doctrine; in practice most religious bodies instead register as an ordinary association under the loi du 1er juillet 1901, which asks nothing about the group's purpose. Neither route requires state approval of a religion as such, consistent with laicite's refusal to define or recognize religions by category. 3
Ban or Official Watchlist
France maintains MIVILUDES (Mission interministerielle de vigilance et de lutte contre les derives sectaires), an interministerial body created by decree on 28 November 2002, reporting to the Prime Minister, which observes, analyzes and periodically reports on movements it assesses as presenting a risk of coercive or abusive practice. Its own stated mandate is limited to observation, analysis, interministerial coordination and public information; no power to ban, dissolve or prosecute a movement is described in that mandate. Unlike the 1995 parliamentary Guyard report that named 172 groups, MIVILUDES's own periodic reports do not publish an equivalent fixed list of named movements; it refers concerns to prosecutors and other agencies, which act under ordinary criminal, tax or consumer law if they act at all. 6
Concordat BasisSourced to the subject's own account
France holds no national concordat: the 1905 law on the Separation of the Churches and the State abrogated Napoleon's Concordat of 1801 everywhere in the country. The one exception is the Alsace-Moselle region, which was under German annexation in 1905 and so never received the 1905 law; there the 1801 Concordat still governs, recognizing Catholicism, Lutheranism, Reformed Christianity and Judaism as the region's established traditions. Under a 1993 mechanism, pastors, priests and rabbis serving those traditions receive state salaries tied to civil service pay scales, an arrangement estimated at 54 million euros a year as of 2012, and public schools in the region require religious instruction at primary and secondary level, with parents able to request a secular alternative in writing. Bishops are appointed by the President after Holy See agreement, and the University of Strasbourg hosts France's only state-funded Catholic and Protestant theology faculties. 4
Government
Capital
Paris 2
Government Type
semi-presidential republic 2
Sovereignty Status
Sovereign UN member state 2
Geography
Latitude
46.2 degrees north 2
Approximate reference point, rounded to one decimal place; a country's extent has no single center, so this coordinate is conventional, not a survey measurement.
Longitude
2.2 degrees east 2
Approximate reference point, rounded to one decimal place; a country's extent has no single center, so this coordinate is conventional, not a survey measurement.
Demographics
Religious Composition
About 25-30% Catholic by self-identification; roughly 40% religiously unaffiliated; largest Muslim population in Western Europe by absolute numbers (about 8-10%); smaller Protestant, Jewish and Buddhist communities (Pew Research Center, Religious Composition of the World, 2010-2020). 1
Status
Legal Status
The 1905 law on the separation of church and state establishes laicite: the state neither recognizes, funds nor subsidizes any religion; a 2004 law bans conspicuous religious symbols in public schools and a 2010 law bans full-face coverings in public. 3
Classification
State Funding of Religion
State Neutrality Among Religions 7
Government type (class)
Semi-presidential republic 2
Location
Location of France Afghanistan Albania Algeria Angola Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Benin Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cabo Verde Cambodia Cameroon Canada Chile China Colombia Costa Rica Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Estonia Eswatini Ethiopia Federated States of Micronesia Fiji Finland France French Polynesia Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Guam Guatemala Haiti Honduras Hong Kong Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Ivory Coast Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kuwait Laos Latvia Lebanon Libya Lithuania Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Mali Malta Mauritius Mexico Moldova Mongolia Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nigeria North Macedonia Norway Oman Pakistan Palestine Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Puerto Rico Qatar Romania Russia Rwanda Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa South Korea South Sudan Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Sweden Switzerland Syria Taiwan Tanzania Thailand Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United States Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Vatican City Venezuela Vietnam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe
Learn More
Religion and History in France

France is historically Catholic, and Catholics remain the largest single religious group at roughly 25 to 30 percent of the population by self-identification, though religiously unaffiliated French residents now form a plurality at around 40 percent, alongside Europe's largest Muslim population by absolute numbers at roughly 8 to 10 percent, and smaller Protestant, Jewish and Buddhist communities, per estimates including Pew Research's Religious Composition of the World, 2010-2020. France was long called the eldest daughter of the Church following the baptism of the Frankish king Clovis around 496 CE, and Catholic institutions dominated French religious, educational and political life for over a millennium, interrupted sharply by the French Revolution's dechristianization campaigns of the 1790s, which closed churches, executed clergy and briefly imposed a rival Cult of Reason.

French Protestants, the Huguenots, suffered severe persecution culminating in the 1572 St Bartholomew's Day Massacre and the 1685 revocation of the Edict of Nantes, which had granted them limited toleration, driving mass Huguenot emigration. France's Jewish community, the largest in Western Europe, and its Muslim population, largely descended from twentieth-century immigration from former French colonies in North and West Africa, are now central to ongoing debates over the country's secular model.

Laicite and Religious Symbols in Public Life

France's distinctive secular framework, laicite, was formalized by the 1905 law separating church and state, which ended the Napoleonic Concordat system, stripped the Catholic Church of state funding and property while guaranteeing free exercise of religion, and established the principle that the state neither recognizes, salaries nor subsidizes any religion, a settlement that took decades of often bitter conflict with the Church to achieve and that remains a foundational, closely guarded feature of French republican identity. This framework has produced repeated controversy over religious symbols in public institutions, including a 2004 law banning conspicuous religious symbols, effectively headscarves for Muslim students though also affecting large crosses and Jewish kippot, in public schools, and a 2010 law banning full-face coverings such as the niqab in all public spaces, both defended by supporters as protecting laicite and neutral public space and criticized by opponents, including United Nations human rights bodies, as disproportionately targeting Muslim women.

France has experienced a severe wave of jihadist terrorism since 2015, including the Charlie Hebdo and Bataclan attacks and the 2020 beheading of teacher Samuel Paty over his use of Muhammad cartoons in a free-speech lesson, incidents that have sharpened national debate over the limits of religious accommodation within laicite.

France
Filter Results4 entries
Connections

Ancient and Historical Regions

Provence, Regions
Source GeoNames: GeoNames search results for Provence
Source United Nations Statistics Division: UN M49 Standard country or area codes for statistical use: geographic regions

Associated With

This source names France directly: "originated in eighteenth century France, with figures such as Court de Gebelin and Etteilla, rather than in the fifteenth century Italian cards themselves."

Source A Wicked Pack of Cards: The Origins of the Occult TarotRonald Decker, Thierry Depaulis and Michael Dummett

This source names France directly: "and societies later established in France, Britain and above all Brazil."

Source Catechisme positivisteAuguste Comte

This source names France directly: "including the Associated Press, Agence France Presse and The New York Times, on the Japanese government's pursuit of new legislation to control Aum Shinrikyo after its petition to dissolve the group..."

Source Aum Shinri-kyo Controversies (CESNUR)
Ayutthaya, Cities

This source names France directly: "Persia, Japan, the Dutch Republic and France, alongside a royal court that patronized Theravada Buddhist temple building on a scale matched by few other capitals of the period."

Source The Buddhist World of Southeast AsiaDonald K. Swearer

This source names France directly: "The Bibliotheque nationale de France is cited here from its own institutional catalog record, the appropriate source for facts about what an object in its collection is, how it is dated and..."

Source Bibliotheque nationale de France (institutional record)the holders' own account

This source names France directly: "Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac and Louis Jacques Thenard in France and Humphry Davy in England all obtained impure boron in 1808."

Source Nature's Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the ElementsJohn Emsley

This source names France directly: "Calvin's own teaching back out across France, the Netherlands, Scotland and England."

Source CalvinBruce Gordon
Cao Dai, Sources

This source names France directly: "adherents in Vietnam, Cambodia, France and the United States, and that a United Nations finding as of January 2015 put the number of Caodaists in Vietnam at about 2.5 million, against the much..."

Source Cao Dai

This source names France directly: "co-founder, who would be exiled by France to Madagascar four years later, already on this atlas's map."

Source Cao Dai Diaspora (Wikipedia)Wikipedia contributors

This source names France directly: "United States, Canada, Australia and France gathered under a Caodai World Conference and voted to form the Missionary, with two stated objectives: to propagate Cao Dai abroad, and to press for the..."

Source Cao Dai FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions), Part II

This source names France directly: "temples across the United States, France, Canada and Australia independently of organisations inside Vietnam."

Source Caodaism (World Religions and Spirituality Project)
Catharism, Religions

This source names France directly: "in Languedoc, in what is now southern France, from the twelfth century until its violent suppression in the thirteenth and early fourteenth."

Source The Cathars (Lambert, Blackwell, 1998)Malcolm Lambert

This source names France directly: "the Catholic church that became New France's established religious institution."

Source The Jesuit Relations: Natives and Missionaries in Seventeenth-Century North AmericaAllan Greer, editor

This source names France directly: "over embezzlement claims, an Agence France-Presse wire report from 2025, covers the Chinese government's removal of the Shaolin Temple's abbot amid embezzlement allegations."

Source China's Shaolin Temple head removed over embezzlement claimsAgence France-Presse

Historically and architecturally Roman Catholic, home to Chartres, Notre Dame and Lourdes, despite a constitutionally secular state.

Source Religious Composition of the World, 2010-2020Pew Research Center
Source Sexual Violence in the Catholic Church, France 1950-2020 (the CIASE / Sauve Report)Independent Commission on Sexual Abuse in the Church (Jean-Marc Sauve, chair)

This source names France directly: "Used here only to independently corroborate the France ACUT/Catherine Tissier facts: a 2016 Amiens court of appeal ruling that ACUT, an Opus Dei-controlled hospitality training school, and two of..."

Source Controversies about Opus Dei (Wikipedia)Wikipedia contributors

Napoleon III pressed the Latin claims to the holy places from 1850 and obtained the sultan's firman of 1852 that precipitated the crisis.

Source Crimea: The Last CrusadeOrlando Figes

This source names France directly: "United States, Canada, Australia and France since 1975 gathered under the banner of a Caodai World Conference and voted to form the Caodai Overseas Missionary, an umbrella body uniting nineteen..."

Source Cao Dai FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions), Part II

This source names France directly: "210,000 to 900,000 people leaving France over the following two decades, alongside Louis XIV's own contemporary and almost certainly understated claim that only 1,000 to 1,500 Huguenots remained by..."

Source Edict Of Fontainebleau (Wikipedia)Wikipedia contributors

This source names France directly: "lose appeal of fraud conviction, France 24's 2013 report, covers the Cour de cassation's decision of 16 October 2013 upholding a French fraud conviction against Church of Scientology entities."

Source French Scientologists lose appeal of fraud convictionFrance 24

This source names France directly: "Histoire de la laicite en France, Jean Bauberot's 2000 study from the Presses Universitaires de France, is a scholarly history of French secularism by one of the leading French sociologists of..."

Source Histoire de la laicite en FranceJean Bauberot

Fought almost entirely on French soil; Charles VII was anointed at Reims in 1429 and France had recovered all but Calais by 1453.

Source The Hundred Years War, Volume I: Trial by BattleJonathan Sumption
Source French Independent Abuse Authority Compensates Nearly 850 Victims Since 2022 (EWTN News)Madalaine Elhabbal

This source names France directly: "North African immigration into France and South Asian immigration into Britain followed each country's own colonial and labor history over the same broad period."

Source The Guest Worker Question in Postwar GermanyRita Chin

This source names France directly: "Published 26 August 2017 by Agence France-Presse, carried by The Local Italy."

Source Italian Protestant Church Says I Do to Gay Blessings (The Local Italy, AFP)

This source names France directly: "history press in the Anjou region of France rather than a major academic publisher, and the author's independence from the Argenteuil parish that holds the relic has not been established by the..."

Source La Tunique d'Argenteuil et ses pretendues rivales: etude historiquePierre Dor

This source names France directly: "published by Presses Universitaires de France in 1952, is a classic scholarly study of the eighth century Council of Lhasa, in which representatives of Indian gradualist and Chinese instantaneous..."

Source Le concile de Lhasa: une controverse sur le quietisme entre bouddhistes de l'Inde et de la Chine au VIIIe siecle de l'ere chretiennePaul Demieville

This source names France directly: "It premiered in France on December 1, 1993, an international co-production of Italy, France and Britain on a $35 million budget."

Source Little Buddha (1993 film) (Wikipedia)Wikipedia contributors

This source names France directly: "mountain above La Salette-Fallavaux, France."

Source Encyclopaedia Britannica (online academic reference)Encyclopaedia Britannica editors

This source names France directly: "near La Salette-Fallavaux, France, on 19 September 1846, who gave the two children a message calling for repentance and observance of the Sabbath."

Source Encyclopaedia Britannica (online academic reference)Encyclopaedia Britannica editors

This source names France directly: "and the End of the Enlightenment in France, published by Harvard University Press in 1968, is the standard scholarly history of the eighteenth century mesmerist vogue in Paris and of the royal..."

Source Mesmerism and the End of the Enlightenment in FranceRobert Darnton

This source names France directly: "Large Format Film Festival in Paris, France, direct institutional confirmation that BAPS itself produced and continues to promote the film."

Source Mystic India Wins the Audience's Choice Prize (BAPS News, 2005)

This source names France directly: "today at the Bibliotheque nationale de France under shelfmark MS syr."

Source Nestorian Evangelion (Wikipedia, citing Jules Leroy)Wikipedia contributors, citing Jules Leroy's codicological analysis

This source names France directly: "to Bernadette Soubirous near Lourdes, France, beginning in 1858."

Source The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, 3rd revised editionF. L. Cross and E. A. Livingstone (eds.)

This source names France directly: "it for Gallia, the Latin name for France, and the immediate contemporary observation that gallus, the Latin for rooster, echoes the discoverer's own surname."

Source Periodic Table: GalliumRoyal Society of Chemistry

This source names France directly: "who fled to Holland and 200,000 to France in the war's first three months, 1.85 million refugees in France by September 1918, 386,000 refugees in Austria by the end of 1915, up to half a million..."

Source Refugees (Gatrell, 1914-1918-online)Peter Gatrell

This source names France directly: "Commissioners Charged by the King of France with the Examination of Animal Magnetism, completed 11 August 1784 by a Royal Academy of Sciences commission including Benjamin Franklin, Antoine..."

Source Report of the Commissioners Charged by the King of France with the Examination of Animal MagnetismBenjamin Franklin, Antoine Lavoisier, Jean Sylvain Bailly and others (Royal Commission)

This source names France directly: "v. France, the European Court of Human Rights' own 2014 Grand Chamber judgment, upheld France's ban on concealing the face in public, rejecting the public safety justification but accepting the..."

Source S.A.S. v. France, Application no. 43835/11, Grand Chamber judgment of 1 July 2014European Court of Human Rights

This source names France directly: "with, the mystery plays of France and England and Spain's auto sacramental, though it developed independently and kept its own distinct staging conventions and confraternal sponsorship."

Source Sacra Rappresentazione (Wikipedia)Wikipedia contributors

This source names France directly: "the reception of Salafistes (2016) in France," published in Studies in French Cinema and including an interview with co-director Francois Margolin."

Source Salafistes (Wikipedia and Studies in French Cinema)Wikipedia contributors; Maria Flood, Studies in French Cinema

This source names France directly: "Charles V, having secured a temporary truce with France and the Ottomans, moved decisively against the League once it had grown to include most of Protestant Germany, defeating its forces at the..."

Source The Reformation: A History (MacCulloch)Diarmaid MacCulloch

This source names France directly: "Pope Eugenius III and preached across France and Germany by Bernard of Clairvaux after the Crusader County of Edessa fell to the Muslim ruler Zengi in 1144, the Second Crusade brought the kings of..."

Source God's War: A New History of the CrusadesChristopher Tyerman

This source names France directly: "of the twelfth century in southern France, though the tradition itself ascribes it to a much earlier authority, and some of its material may in fact predate its final redaction."

Source Sefer ha-Bahir (The Book of Illumination)Anonymous

This source names France directly: "Led personally by King Louis IX of France after years of preparation financed substantially from the French royal treasury, the Seventh Crusade targeted Egypt as the perceived key to recovering..."

Source God's War: A New History of the CrusadesChristopher Tyerman

This source names France directly: "in Ireland and Britain and also in France and Spain."

Source Sheela-na-gigs: Unravelling an EnigmaBarbara Freitag

This source names France directly: "dedicated chair at the College de France in 1814 for Jean Pierre Abel Remusat."

Source Frascati Manual 2015: Guidelines for Collecting and Reporting Data on Research and Experimental DevelopmentOECD

Began in Paris on August 24, 1572, under Charles IX and Catherine de Medici, and spread through the French provinces against the Huguenot population through October.

Source The St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre: A Brief History with DocumentsBarbara B. Diefendorf

This source names France directly: "document organised societies in France, Britain and Brazil drew on directly, including the Brazilian positivists whose motto Ordem e Progresso, taken from Comte's own formula, was placed on Brazil's..."

Source Catechisme positivisteAuguste Comte

This source names France directly: "influential in America, Britain and France."

Source The Oxford Dictionary of World ReligionsJohn Bowker (ed.)

Showing 1 to 50 of 66 in Associated With, page 1 of 2.

Contains

Source Divinity Atlas Entity Records, First Edition
Source Divinity Atlas Entity Records, First Edition
Source Divinity Atlas Entity Records, First Edition
Carnac, Sacred Sites
Source Divinity Atlas Entity Records, First Edition
Source Divinity Atlas Entity Records, First Edition
Source Divinity Atlas Entity Records, First Edition
Chauvet, Sacred Sites
Source Divinity Atlas Entity Records, First Edition
Source Catholic Encyclopedia (New Advent): Institute of the Brothers of the Christian Schools
Lascaux, Sacred Sites
Source Divinity Atlas Entity Records, First Edition
Lourdes, Sacred Sites
Source Divinity Atlas Entity Records, First Edition
Lyon, Cities

Lyon stands at the confluence of the Rhone and the Saone in eastern France.

Source Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, 2 volumesNorman P. Tanner (ed.)
Source Divinity Atlas Entity Records, First Edition
Source Divinity Atlas Entity Records, First Edition
Source Musee du quai Branly - Jacques Chirac (institutional record)Musee du quai Branly - Jacques Chiracthe holders' own account
Source New Advent: Catholic Encyclopedia: Premonstratensian Canons
Source Divinity Atlas Entity Records, First Edition
Orange, Cities

Orange is a town in Provence in southern France.

Source Canons of the Second Council of OrangeSecond Council of Orangethe holders' own account
Paris, Cities
Source Encyclopaedia Britannica (online academic reference)Encyclopaedia Britannica editors
Source Celtic Culture: A Historical EncyclopediaJohn T. Koch (ed.)

The community is at Taize in Burgundy, in France.

Source The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, 3rd revised editionF. L. Cross and E. A. Livingstone (eds.)

Namesake Of

Francium is named for France, where Marguerite Perey identified it at the Curie Institute. Named in 1939, the last element to be first found in nature rather than made.

Source Nature's Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the ElementsJohn Emsley

Gallium is named for Gallia, the Latin name for France. A pun has long been alleged, on gallus, Latin for cock, and the discoverer's name Lecoq de Boisbaudran. He denied it. The Latin place name is the only derivation he gave.

Source Periodic Table: GalliumRoyal Society of Chemistry

Lutetium is named for Lutetia, the Latin name for Paris. Georges Urbain named it in 1907. Carl Auer von Welsbach separated the same element independently and called it cassiopeium, a name still used in parts of Germany well into the twentieth century.

Source Nature's Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the ElementsJohn Emsley

Originated Here

Basques, Cultures
Source Bernadette Soubirous (Wikipedia)
Source Wikipedia: Bon Secours Sisters
Source Bonalists (Wikipedia)
Source Brothers of the Cross of Jesus (Wikipedia)
Source Capuciati (Wikipedia)
Source Carthusians (Wikipedia)
Celts, Cultures

Gaul, in modern France, was the Celtic heartland Caesar conquered; Brittany keeps Breton alive today.

Source Celtic Culture: A Historical EncyclopediaJohn T. Koch (ed.)
Source Cistercians (Wikipedia)

The French suit signs, clubs among them, were invented in France about 1480.

Source The Game of Tarot: From Ferrara to Salt Lake CityMichael Dummett
Source Wikipedia, "Cluniac Order"
Source Community of Saint Martin (Wikipedia)
Source Wikipedia, "Community of St. John"
Source New Advent, Catholic Encyclopedia: Christian Retreat, Congregation of
Source Congregation of Holy Cross (Wikipedia)

The French suit signs, diamonds among them, were invented in France about 1480.

Source The Game of Tarot: From Ferrara to Salt Lake CityMichael Dummett
Source Metropolitan Museum of Art: Diptych with Scenes from the Passion (Metropolitan Museum of Art open access record)
Source Wikipedia: Order of Knight-Masons Elect Priests of the Universe
Etteilla, Tarot Decks
Source Maniere de se recreer avec le jeu de cartes nommees tarotsEtteilla (Jean-Baptiste Alliette)
Source Feast of Fools (Wikipedia)
Source UNESCO World Heritage Centre: Cistercian Abbey of Fontenay
Franks, Cultures
French, Languages
Source French language (Wikipedia)
Gauls, Cultures
Source The Merovingian Kingdoms, 450-751Ian Wood

The French suit signs, hearts among them, were invented in France about 1480.

Source The Game of Tarot: From Ferrara to Salt Lake CityMichael Dummett
Source Metropolitan Museum of Art: Hezekiah, King of Judah (Metropolitan Museum of Art open access record)
Source De La Salle Brothers (Wikipedia)
Joan of Arc, Figures
Source Joan of Arc (Wikipedia)
Source Metropolitan Museum of Art: King Louis IX Carrying the Crown of Thorns (Metropolitan Museum of Art open access record)

First printed in Lyon, 1555.

Source Catholic Encyclopedia (New Advent): Little Sisters of the Poor
Source Louis IX of France (Wikipedia)
Source The Western Esoteric Traditions: A Historical IntroductionNicholas Goodrick-Clarke
Source Maximin Giraud (Wikipedia)
Source Catholic Encyclopedia (New Advent): Oblates of Mary Immaculate
Source Metropolitan Museum of Art: Morse Fragment with the Archangel Gabriel (Metropolitan Museum of Art open access record)
Source New Advent: Catholic Encyclopedia: Premonstratensian Canons
Old French, Languages
Source Old French (Wikipedia)
Source Our Lady of Lourdes (Wikipedia)
Source Plum Village Tradition (Wikipedia)
Source Aliens Adored: Rael's UFO ReligionSusan J. Palmer
Source Wikipedia: Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur
Source Sisters of Providence (Ruille-sur-Loir, France) (Wikipedia)
Source Sisters of St. Joseph of Carondelet (Wikipedia)
Source Wikipedia: Sisters of the Infant Jesus
Source Wikipedia: Society of Mary (Marists)
Source Wikipedia: Society of the Sacred Heart

The French suit signs, spades among them, were invented in France about 1480.

Source The Game of Tarot: From Ferrara to Salt Lake CityMichael Dummett
Source Society of the Priests of Saint Sulpice (Wikipedia)

Showing 1 to 50 of 60 in Originated Here, page 1 of 2.

Spread Events Here

Source Church of the Desert Synods (Musee protestant)
Source Thierry Meynard, The Jesuit Reading of Confucius: The First Complete Translation of the Lunyu (1687) Published in the West (Brill)Thierry Meynard
Source Edict Of Fontainebleau (Wikipedia)Wikipedia contributors
Source The Edict of Toleration, 1787 (Musee protestant)
Sources
1. Religious Composition of the World, 2010-2020
Pew Research Center, Pew Research Center, 2025View the Source
2. The World Factbook (Central Intelligence Agency)
Central Intelligence Agency, Central Intelligence AgencyGovernment, government type: FranceView the Source
3. Encyclopaedia Britannica (online academic reference)
Encyclopaedia Britannica editors, Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc., 2024View the Source
4. Concordat in Alsace-Moselle (Wikipedia)
5. International Religious Freedom Report
United States Department of State, Office of International Religious Freedom, US Department of State, 2023View the Source
6. MIVILUDES Annual Report to the Prime Minister
Mission interministerielle de vigilance et de lutte contre les derives sectaires (MIVILUDES), Services du Premier ministre (Prime Minister's Office), Government of FranceView the Source
7. The Oxford English Dictionary, 3rd edition
Oxford University Press, Oxford University Press
  • demonym / adjectival form
  • Entity description, state-funding
    France is constitutionally secular under the principle of laicite, formally separating church and state under a 1905 law
View the Source
France (Wikipedia article)
The Western Esoteric Traditions: A Historical Introduction
Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke, Oxford University Press, 2008Originated Here: Martinist Order, Stored origin-place property on this entity, cited to this source: FranceView the Source
Wikipedia: Order of Knight-Masons Elect Priests of the Universe
Originated Here: Elus Cohen, Stored origin-place property on this entity, cited to this source: FranceView the Source
Aliens Adored: Rael's UFO Religion
Susan J. Palmer, Rutgers University Press, 2004Originated Here: Raelian Movement, Stored origin-place property on this entity, cited to this source: Clermont-Ferrand, France
The Oxford Companion to the Year: An Exploration of Calendar Customs and Time-Reckoning
Bonnie Blackburn and Leofranc Holford-Strevens, Oxford University Press, 1999Originated Here: The Positivist Calendar, Stored origin-place property on this entity, cited to this source: FranceView the Source
The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, 3rd revised edition
F. L. Cross and E. A. Livingstone (eds.), Oxford University Press, 2005Originated Here: The Signing of the Edict of Nantes (1598), Stored event-place property on this entity, cited to this source: Nantes, France.View the Source
De La Salle Brothers (Wikipedia)
Originated Here: Institute of the Brothers of the Christian Schools, Opening sentences of the entity description
Quote, Originated Here: Institute of the Brothers of the Christian Schools, Opening sentences of the entity description
The Institute of the Brothers of the Christian Schools, also called the De La Salle Brothers and abbreviated FSC, is a Catholic lay religious congregation founded in France by Jean-Baptiste de La Salle, with papal recognition following in 1725, six years after the founder's death in 1719.
View the Source
Wikipedia: Society of the Sacred Heart
WikipediaOriginated Here: Society of the Sacred Heart, Opening sentences of the entity description
Quote, Originated Here: Society of the Sacred Heart, Opening sentences of the entity description
The Society of the Sacred Heart, known by the initials RSCJ, is a centralized Catholic religious institute of consecrated life of pontifical right for women, founded on 21 November 1800 in Amiens, France, by Madeleine Sophie Barat in the aftermath of the French Revolution to provide girls' education through a religious life simplified enough to be compatible with teaching work.
View the Source
Capuciati (Wikipedia)
Originated Here: Capuciati, Opening sentences of the entity description
Quote, Originated Here: Capuciati, Opening sentences of the entity description
The Capuciati were a Catholic confraternity founded in late twelfth-century France with a peacekeeping mission, taking their name from caputium, the distinctive white hood members wore as a mark of identity.
View the Source
Wikipedia, "Cluniac Order"
Originated Here: Cluniac Order, Opening sentences of the entity description
Quote, Originated Here: Cluniac Order, Opening sentences of the entity description
The Cluniac Order was a monastic community following the Rule of Saint Benedict, founded by William I of Aquitaine at the abbey of Cluny in the Maconnais region of France under a deed dated September 11, 909 or 910, and it survived until its dissolution in 1790.
View the Source
Congregation of Holy Cross (Wikipedia)
Originated Here: Congregation of Holy Cross, Lead section
Quote, Originated Here: Congregation of Holy Cross, Lead section
Catholic clerical religious congregation of pontifical right for men founded in Le Mans, France, in 1837 by Basil
View the Source
Wikipedia: Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur
WikipediaOriginated Here: Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur, Lead section
Quote, Originated Here: Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur, Lead section
The institute was founded in Amiens, France, in 1804, but the
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Brothers of the Cross of Jesus (Wikipedia)
Originated Here: Brothers of the Cross of Jesus, Lead section
Quote, Originated Here: Brothers of the Cross of Jesus, Lead section
It was founded in 1820 at Lyon, France, by Father C.M.
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Feast of Fools (Wikipedia)
Originated Here: Feast of Fools, Lead section
Quote, Originated Here: Feast of Fools, Lead section
January celebrated by the clergy in Europe during the Middle Ages, initially in Southern France, but later more widely.
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Wikipedia: Society of Mary (Marists)
WikipediaOriginated Here: Society of Mary (Marists), Lead
Quote, Originated Here: Society of Mary (Marists), Lead
Founded in Cerdon, France, by Jean-Claude Colin
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Sisters of St. Joseph of Carondelet (Wikipedia)
Originated Here: Sisters of St. Joseph of Carondelet, Lead
Quote, Originated Here: Sisters of St. Joseph of Carondelet, Lead
founded in Le Puy-en-Velay, France, around 1650
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Sisters of Providence (Ruille-sur-Loir, France) (Wikipedia)
Originated Here: Sisters of Providence (Ruille-sur-Loir, France), Lead
Quote, Originated Here: Sisters of Providence (Ruille-sur-Loir, France), Lead
France, are a congregation of Roman Catholic Religious Sisters founded in 1806
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Wikipedia: Sisters of the Infant Jesus
WikipediaOriginated Here: Sisters of the Infant Jesus, Lead
Quote, Originated Here: Sisters of the Infant Jesus, Lead
originating from Paris, France
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Plum Village Tradition (Wikipedia)
Originated Here: Plum Village Tradition, Lead
Quote, Originated Here: Plum Village Tradition, Lead
named after the Plum Village Monastery in France
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Community of Saint Martin (Wikipedia)
Originated Here: Community of Saint Martin, Lead
Quote, Originated Here: Community of Saint Martin, Lead
a French priest from the Archdiocese of Tours
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Wikipedia, "Community of St. John"
Originated Here: Community of St. John, Lead
Quote, Originated Here: Community of St. John, Lead
composed of three French Catholic congregations
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Bonalists (Wikipedia)
Originated Here: Bonalists, Lead
Quote, Originated Here: Bonalists, Lead
is a defunct French congregation of Catholic priests
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Lourdes apparitions (Wikipedia)
Originated Here: The Apparitions at Lourdes, Lead section
Quote, Originated Here: The Apparitions at Lourdes, Lead section
The Lourdes apparitions are several Marian apparitions reported in 1858 by Bernadette Soubirous, the 14-year-old daughter of a miller, in the town of Lourdes in Southern France.
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Dragonnades (Wikipedia)
Originated Here: The Dragonnades (1681 to 1685), Lead section
Quote, Originated Here: The Dragonnades (1681 to 1685), Lead section
The Dragonnades was a policy implemented by Louis XIV in 1681 to force French Protestants known as Huguenots to convert to Catholicism.
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Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution (Wikipedia)
Originated Here: The Dechristianization of France (1793 to 1794), Lead section
Quote, Originated Here: The Dechristianization of France (1793 to 1794), Lead section
The aim of several policies conducted by various governments of France during the French Revolution ranged from the appropriation by the government of the great landed estates and the large amounts of money held by the Catholic Church to the termination of Christian religious practice and of the religion itself.
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Trinitarians (Wikipedia)
Originated Here: Trinitarians, Lead section
Quote, Originated Here: Trinitarians, Lead section
is a mendicant order of the Catholic Church for men founded in Cerfroid, outside Paris, in the late 12th century
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Wikipedia: Bon Secours Sisters
WikipediaOriginated Here: Bon Secours Sisters, Lead section
Quote, Originated Here: Bon Secours Sisters, Lead section
It was founded by Josephine Potel in 1824, in Paris, France.
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Society of the Priests of Saint Sulpice (Wikipedia)
Originated Here: Sulpicians, Lead section
Quote, Originated Here: Sulpicians, Lead section
named after the Church of Saint-Sulpice, Paris, where it was founded
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Carthusians (Wikipedia)
Originated Here: Carthusians (Order of Carthusians), Lead section
Quote, Originated Here: Carthusians (Order of Carthusians), Lead section
The name Carthusian is derived from the Chartreuse Mountains in the French Prealps: Bruno built his first hermitage there in a valley.
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Cistercians (Wikipedia)
Originated Here: Cistercians (Order of Citeaux), Lead section
Quote, Originated Here: Cistercians (Order of Citeaux), Lead section
The term Cistercian derives from Cistercium, the Latin name for the locale of C
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Albigensian Crusade (Wikipedia)
Originated Here: The Albigensian Crusade, Lead section
Quote, Originated Here: The Albigensian Crusade, Lead section
a military and ideological campaign initiated by Pope Innocent III to eliminate Catharism in Languedoc, what is now southern France.
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Catholic Encyclopedia (New Advent): Oblates of Mary Immaculate
Catholic Encyclopedia (New Advent)Originated Here: Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate, Opening article text
Quote, Originated Here: Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate, Opening article text
The first members of this society , founded in 1816, were known as "Missionaries of Provence"
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Catholic Encyclopedia (New Advent): Little Sisters of the Poor
Catholic Encyclopedia (New Advent)Originated Here: Little Sisters of the Poor, Opening article text
Quote, Originated Here: Little Sisters of the Poor, Opening article text
founded at St Servan, Brittany, 1839
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United Nations Statistics Division: UN M49 Standard country or area codes for statistical use: geographic regions
United Nations Statistics DivisionAncient and Historical Regions: Western Europe, Geographic regions table, Western Europe
Quote, Ancient and Historical Regions: Western Europe, Geographic regions table, Western Europe
Western Europe 155 Austria 040 AUT Belgium 056 BEL France 250 FRA Germany 276 DEU Liechtenstein 438 LIE Luxembourg 442 LUX Monaco 492 MCO Netherlands (Kingdom of the) 528 NLD Switzerland 756 CHE
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GeoNames: GeoNames search results for Provence
GeoNamesAncient and Historical Regions: Provence, Search results, matching entry
Quote, Ancient and Historical Regions: Provence, Search results, matching entry
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Provans, Al'py, Lazurnyj Bereg,Provans, Alplar, Mavı Yalı,Provans-Al'p-Kot d'Azur,Provans-Al'p-N... 43.916667 6.083333 France , Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur first-order administrative division
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Our Lady of Lourdes (Wikipedia)
Originated Here: Our Lady of Lourdes, Lead
Quote, Originated Here: Our Lady of Lourdes, Lead
The name commemorates a series of 18 apparitions reported by a 14-year-old girl, Bernadette Soubirous, in Lourdes, France in 1858.
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Urban II (Wikipedia)
Originated Here: Urban II, Lead
Quote, Originated Here: Urban II, Lead
Pope Urban was a native of France and a descendant of a noble family from the French commune of Châtillon-sur-Marne.
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Joan of Arc (Wikipedia)
Originated Here: Joan of Arc, Lead
Quote, Originated Here: Joan of Arc, Lead
Joan was born to a propertied peasant family at Domrémy in northeast France.
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Metropolitan Museum of Art: Diptych with Scenes from the Passion (Metropolitan Museum of Art open access record)
Metropolitan Museum of ArtOriginated Here: Diptych with Scenes from the Passion (Metropolitan Museum of Art, 17.190.208), country
Quote, Originated Here: Diptych with Scenes from the Passion (Metropolitan Museum of Art, 17.190.208), country
"country": "France"
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Metropolitan Museum of Art: King Louis IX Carrying the Crown of Thorns (Metropolitan Museum of Art open access record)
Metropolitan Museum of ArtOriginated Here: King Louis IX Carrying the Crown of Thorns (Metropolitan Museum of Art, 37.173.3), country
Quote, Originated Here: King Louis IX Carrying the Crown of Thorns (Metropolitan Museum of Art, 37.173.3), country
"country": "France"
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Metropolitan Museum of Art: Hezekiah, King of Judah (Metropolitan Museum of Art open access record)
Metropolitan Museum of ArtOriginated Here: Hezekiah, King of Judah (Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1985.246.1), country
Quote, Originated Here: Hezekiah, King of Judah (Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1985.246.1), country
"country": "France"
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Metropolitan Museum of Art: The Shade of the Prophet Samuel Invoked by King Saul and Conjured by the Witch of Endor (Metropolitan Museum of Art open access record)
Metropolitan Museum of ArtOriginated Here: The Shade of the Prophet Samuel Invoked by King Saul and Conjured by the Witch of Endor (Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2022.310), country
Quote, Originated Here: The Shade of the Prophet Samuel Invoked by King Saul and Conjured by the Witch of Endor (Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2022.310), country
"country": "France"
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Metropolitan Museum of Art: Morse Fragment with the Archangel Gabriel (Metropolitan Museum of Art open access record)
Metropolitan Museum of ArtOriginated Here: Morse Fragment with the Archangel Gabriel (Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1999.520), country
Quote, Originated Here: Morse Fragment with the Archangel Gabriel (Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1999.520), country
"country": "France"
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French language (Wikipedia)
Originated Here: French, Lead
Quote, Originated Here: French, Lead
Like all other Romance languages, French and its closest relatives-the langues d'oïl, historically spoken in northern France and southern Belgium-descended from the Vulgar Latin of the Roman Empire.
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Old French (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationOriginated Here: Old French, Lead
Quote, Originated Here: Old French, Lead
Old French (franceis, françois, romanz; French: ancien français [ɑ̃sjɛ̃ fʁɑ̃sɛ]) was the language spoken in most of the northern half of France approximately between the late 8th and mid-14th centuries.
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Maximin Giraud (Wikipedia)
Originated Here: Maximin Giraud, Lead paragraph, originated-in
Quote, Originated Here: Maximin Giraud, Lead paragraph, originated-in
Pierre Maximin Giraud (26 August 1835-1 March 1875) was a French man known for his Marian vision of Our Lady of La Salette.
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New Advent: Catholic Encyclopedia: Premonstratensian Canons
New Advent
  • Originated Here: Norbertines (Premonstratensians), Opening sentence
    Founded in 1120 by St. Norbert at Prémontré , near Laon, France .
  • Contains: Norbertines (Premonstratensians), Opening sentence
    Founded in 1120 by St. Norbert at Prémontré , near Laon, France .
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Catholic Encyclopedia (New Advent): Institute of the Brothers of the Christian Schools
Catholic Encyclopedia (New Advent)Contains: Christian Brothers (Congregation of Christian Brothers), History section
Quote, Contains: Christian Brothers (Congregation of Christian Brothers), History section
This congregation was founded in 1680, at Reims , France , by St. John Baptist de La Salle , then a canon of the metropolitan church of that city.
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Bernadette Soubirous (Wikipedia)
Originated Here: Bernadette Soubirous, Lead paragraph, originated-in
Quote, Originated Here: Bernadette Soubirous, Lead paragraph, originated-in
Bernadette Soubirous, SCN (; French: [bɛʁnadɛt subiʁu]; Occitan: Bernadeta Sobirós [beɾnaˈðetɔ suβiˈɾus]; 7 January 1844-16 April 1879), also known as Bernadette of Lourdes (religious name Marie-Bernarde), was a miller's daughter from Lourdes (Lorda in Occitan), in the department of Hautes-Pyrénées in France, and is best known for experiencing apparitions of a "young lady" who asked for a chapel to be built at the nearby cave-grotto.
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Louis IX of France (Wikipedia)
Originated Here: Louis IX of France, Lead paragraph, originated-in
Quote, Originated Here: Louis IX of France, Lead paragraph, originated-in
Louis IX (25 April 1214-25 August 1270), also known as Saint Louis, was King of France from 1226 until his death in 1270.
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UNESCO World Heritage Centre: Cistercian Abbey of Fontenay
UNESCO World Heritage CentreOriginated Here: Fontenay Abbey, Record text
Quote, Originated Here: Fontenay Abbey, Record text
This last building, dating to the end of the 12th century, recalls the part which the Cistercians played in the technological progress of the Middle Ages, and is one of the oldest industrial buildings in France.
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New Advent, Catholic Encyclopedia: Christian Retreat, Congregation of
New Advent, Catholic EncyclopediaOriginated Here: Congregation of Christian Retreat, Foundation
Quote, Originated Here: Congregation of Christian Retreat, Foundation
It was founded on the 19th of November, 1789, at Fontenelle , Doubs, France , by Father Antoine-Silvestre Receveur, who was declared Venerable in 1883 by Pope Leo XIII .
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