Language

Sanskrit

Sacred & Content Languages

Sanskrit is the classical language in which the Vedas, Upanishads, the Bhagavad Gita, the Puranas and the great bulk of Hindu philosophical, ritual and grammatical literature were composed and transmitted, alongside a large body of Buddhist and Jain Sanskrit literature produced by traditions that also used the language for scholarly debate across the subcontinent. Its systematic grammar, codified by Panini around the fourth century BCE, made it a fixed scholarly and liturgical register used for millennia after it ceased to be anyone's first spoken language, a role comparable to Latin in medieval Europe. Sanskrit mantra and ritual recitation remain live practice today in Hindu temple worship worldwide, even where officiants and worshippers speak other languages daily. The atlas holds Sanskrit as the primary source language behind a large share of the Hindu material catalogued elsewhere.

Facts

Origins

Language Family

Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European language family; the classical literary standard codified by Panini (circa 5th century BCE), a later stage than the archaic Vedic Sanskrit covered separately. 2

Place of Origin

Sanskrit is traditionally associated with the northwestern Indian subcontinent of the Vedic period, the Sapta Sindhu region drained by the Indus and its tributaries, before its later spread as a pan-Indian literary and liturgical language. 2

Liturgical role (class)

Scriptural language 2

Attestation

Era of Attestation

Classical Sanskrit was codified by the grammarian Panini around the fifth century BCE, standardizing a language whose earlier Vedic register is already attested in oral composition centuries before that. 3

Geography

Modern Area

No longer anyone's first language, but maintained today as a scholarly, ceremonial and liturgical register across the Hindu world, taught in traditional pathashalas in India and recited in temple worship wherever Hindu communities have settled. 2

Identity

Native Script

Devanagari in the modern manuscript and printed tradition, though Sanskrit has been written in almost every Indian script, and in Brahmi and its regional descendants before Devanagari existed. 1

Practice

Liturgical and Scriptural Role

Language of the classical Hindu epics (the Ramayana and much of the Mahabharata, including the Bhagavad Gita) and of Vedanta philosophical literature, alongside Mahayana and Vajrayana Buddhist scripture. 4

Learn More

Panini's Grammar and the Fixing of Sanskrit

Sanskrit's grammar was codified with unusual precision by the scholar Panini, traditionally dated to around the fourth century BCE, in a work called the Ashtadhyayi that describes the language's structure through roughly four thousand terse rules, a level of systematic analysis later Western linguists came to regard as a landmark achievement independent of, and well predating, comparable European grammatical scholarship.

Panini's grammar effectively fixed Classical Sanskrit's rules at a point when the spoken language was already diverging into regional vernaculars, meaning the language used for later philosophical, religious, and literary composition operated by a stable, learned standard rather than an evolving everyday tongue, a situation comparable to Latin's later role in medieval Europe though arrived at independently and earlier. This fixing allowed Sanskrit to function as a shared scholarly language across a subcontinent of otherwise divergent regional languages, letting a philosopher in Kashmir and a poet in Tamil Nadu draw on the same grammatical and literary standard for centuries. Panini's work itself became an object of extensive commentarial tradition, with later grammarians such as Patanjali and Katyayana producing detailed analyses and refinements that are themselves significant texts in the history of Indian linguistic thought. The precision of Sanskrit's grammatical tradition also shaped how later Sanskrit religious and philosophical texts were composed, valuing exact, rule governed expression in a way that differs markedly from the more organically evolved literary Sanskrit and Prakrit vernacular traditions running alongside it.

Sanskrit's Living Ritual Use Today

Although Sanskrit ceased to function as anyone's first spoken language many centuries ago, it did not become a purely historical language in the way Latin or Ancient Greek eventually did in most of daily European life; Sanskrit mantra recitation remains an active, ongoing part of Hindu temple worship and domestic ritual practice today, performed by priests and, increasingly, by lay practitioners who learn set verses without necessarily achieving fluency in the language itself. Weddings, funerals, and temple consecration ceremonies across the Hindu world typically include specific Sanskrit verses recited according to traditions transmitted within particular ritual lineages, with correct pronunciation treated in many of those lineages as carrying independent significance separate from a listener's comprehension of the words.

A smaller number of communities in India maintain Sanskrit as a spoken language of daily use, sustained partly through deliberate revival efforts and partly through unbroken scholarly and priestly transmission in specific institutions, though this spoken use remains a minority practice relative to Sanskrit's much larger ceremonial role. Contemporary yoga and meditation traditions worldwide, many with only partial roots in classical Sanskrit textual sources, nonetheless routinely use Sanskrit terminology and short mantras, extending the language's practical reach far beyond South Asia and into cultural contexts with no direct historical connection to it. India's government also maintains limited official recognition of Sanskrit, and some educational institutions offer instruction in it as a scholarly and cultural subject rather than treating it purely as an object of historical philology.

Sanskrit

6 entries

Sacred To

Language

Doctrinal Status

Belongs To Tradition

Kind of realm

Connections

Showing the first 400 of 706 connections.

Associated With

Hinduism

Sanskrit is the canonical and liturgical language of Hinduism, the language of the epics, the Puranas and most temple ritual formulas.

Source Sanskrit Grammar, Including Both the Classical Language and the Older Dialects of Veda and BrahmanaWilliam Dwight Whitney

Panini

The Ashtadhyayi describes the whole of the language in just under four thousand rules.

Attested in Region

Indian Subcontinent

Sanskrit is documented in use as a written language in Indian Subcontinent. The claim is where the language is documented in use as a written, literary or liturgical language. It is not a claim about the full extent of its speakers, and it is not a claim about where the language originated.

Source The World's Writing SystemsPeter T. Daniels and William Bright (eds.)

Language Of

Abhinivesha

Adhitthana (Resolution)

Aparigraha (Non-Greed)

Aparigraha (Non-Possession)

Asmita

Asteya (Non-Stealing)

Asteya (Non-Theft)

Avatamsaka Sutra

Avici

Ayodhya Kanda

Bala (Spiritual Power)

Brahmacharya (Chastity)

Brahmacharya (Continence)

Brihadaranyaka Upanishad

Brihat Parashara Hora Shastra

Chandogya Upanishad

Chitrasutra of the Vishnudharmottara Purana

Dana (Generosity)

Devi Mahatmya

Dhyana (Meditative Concentration)

Diamond Sutra

Drona Parva

Dvesha (Aversion)

Empowerment-Bound Sadhana Mantras

Garuda Purana

Gate Gate Paragate Parasamgate Bodhi Svaha

Gheranda Samhita

Great Compassion Dharani

Guhyasamaja Tantra

Guru-Given Personal Mantra (Diksha)

Showing 1 to 50 of 189 in Language Of, page 1 of 4.

Liturgical Language Of

Adinatha Sampradaya

Advaita Vedanta

Agni Akhara

Akhil Bharatiya Akhara Parishad

Bharat Sevashram Sangha

ISKCON (Hare Krishna)

Nirmala

Samkhya

Shingon

Vishishtadvaita Vedanta

Yogoda Satsanga Society of India

Named or Composed in This Language

Gandhari

Source Roots of YogaJames Mallinson and Mark Singleton (trans. and eds.)

Gara

The term is Sanskrit, and the technical vocabulary of the Panchanga and of jyotisha more widely is Sanskrit throughout, whatever the vernacular in which a given almanac is printed. The name is a Sanskrit term. Regional almanacs render it in the local script and pronunciation, so a reader will meet the same term in several transliterations without any difference of reference.

Source Jyotihsastra: Astral and Mathematical LiteratureDavid Pingree

Garuda Purana

Source Garuda PuranaAnonymous

Gate Gate Paragate Parasamgate Bodhi Svaha

The mantra is transmitted in Sanskrit.

Gayatri Prayer

The prayer is transmitted in Sanskrit.

Ghrana

Source Sāṅkhya-Kārikā (Samkhyakarika) of ĪśvarakṛṣṇaIsvarakrsna

Great Compassion Dharani

Source Kuan-yin: The Chinese Transformation of AvalokitesvaraChun-fang Yu

Guru

Source Jyotihsastra: Astral and Mathematical LiteratureDavid Pingree

Guru Dasha

Source Jyotihsastra: Astral and Mathematical LiteratureDavid Pingree

Guru-Given Personal Mantra (Diksha)

The mantra is transmitted in Sanskrit.

Ham

The mantra is transmitted in Sanskrit.

Hamsa

Source Brihat JatakaVarahamihira

Hare Krishna Maha Mantra

The mantra is transmitted in Sanskrit.

Harshana

Source Jyotihsastra: Astral and Mathematical LiteratureDavid Pingree

Hastijihva

Source Roots of YogaJames Mallinson and Mark Singleton (trans. and eds.)

Hatha Yoga Pradipika

Heart

Source Roots of YogaJames Mallinson and Mark Singleton (trans. and eds.)

Heart Sutra

Source Heart Sutra (Wikipedia)

Hindu Panchanga

The Panchanga and its technical vocabulary are Sanskrit. The language in which the calendar's own terminology is framed. Every one of these calendars is used today by communities working in many other languages, and the link records the technical language rather than the languages of its users.

Source Calendrical Calculations: The Ultimate EditionEdward M. Reingold and Nachum Dershowitz

Hora

Source Jyotihsastra: Astral and Mathematical LiteratureDavid Pingree

Hrim

The mantra is transmitted in Sanskrit.

Ida

Source Roots of YogaJames Mallinson and Mark Singleton (trans. and eds.)

Indra

Source Jyotihsastra: Astral and Mathematical LiteratureDavid Pingree

Isha Upanishad

Source The Upanishads (Sacred Books of the East, vols. 1 and 15)F. Max Muller

Ishvara Pranidhana (Devotion to the Divine)

Source The Yoga Sutras of Patanjali: A New Edition, Translation, and CommentaryEdwin F. Bryant

ISKCON (Hare Krishna)

Source Encyclopedia of HinduismDenise Cush, Catherine Robinson and Michael York (eds.)

Jnana (Transcendent Knowledge)

Source The Princeton Dictionary of BuddhismRobert E. Buswell Jr. and Donald S. Lopez Jr.

Kala Sarpa

Source Brihat Parashara Hora ShastraSage Parashara (attributed)

Kali Yuga

The name is Sanskrit, and the four age names are ordinary Sanskrit words before they are cosmological terms. Satya, Treta, Dvapara and Kali are the names of the four throws in an Indian dice game, four down to one, and the yuga names are taken from them. The connection is made in the older sources themselves.

Source A Sanskrit-English DictionaryMonier Monier-Williams

Kalpa

Source The Mahabharata and the Yugas: India's Great Epic Poem and the Hindu System of World AgesLuis Gonzalez-Reimann

Kalyanamandira Stotra

Its own text: "a Sanskrit devotional hymn addressed to Parshvanatha".

Source The JainsPaul Dundas

Kama (Lust)

Source An Introduction to HinduismGavin Flood

Kamika Agama

Source Hindu Tantric and Sakta Literature (Goudriaan and Gupta)Teun Goudriaan and Sanjukta Gupta

Kanya

Source The Yavanajataka of SphujidhvajaDavid Pingree

Kapha

Source The Roots of Ayurveda: Selections from Sanskrit Medical WritingsDominik Wujastyk

Karandavyuha Sutra

Source The Origins of Om Manipadme Hum: A Study of the Karandavyuha SutraAlexander Studholme

Karka

Source The Yavanajataka of SphujidhvajaDavid Pingree

Karna Parva

Source The MahabharataVyasa (attributed)

Katha Upanishad

Source The Early Upanishads: Annotated Text and Translation (Patrick Olivelle)Patrick Olivelle

Kaulava

Source Jyotihsastra: Astral and Mathematical LiteratureDavid Pingree

Kemadruma

Source Brihat Parashara Hora ShastraSage Parashara (attributed)

Kena Upanishad

Source The Upanishads (Sacred Books of the East, vols. 1 and 15)F. Max Muller

Ketu

Source Jyotihsastra: Astral and Mathematical LiteratureDavid Pingree

Ketu Dasha

Source Jyotihsastra: Astral and Mathematical LiteratureDavid Pingree

Khavedamsha

Source Jyotihsastra: Astral and Mathematical LiteratureDavid Pingree

Kimstughna

Source Jyotihsastra: Astral and Mathematical LiteratureDavid Pingree

Kishkindha Kanda

Source The Ramayana of ValmikiValmiki (attributed); Robert P. Goldman (general editor)

Klim

The mantra is transmitted in Sanskrit.

Krishna Ashtami

Source Jyotihsastra: Astral and Mathematical LiteratureDavid Pingree

Krishna Chaturdashi

Source Jyotihsastra: Astral and Mathematical LiteratureDavid Pingree

Showing 101 to 150 of 159 in Named or Composed in This Language, page 3 of 4.

In the Other Atlases

In Branch

Indo-Aryan

Also in Language Atlas: the branch this subject belongs to.

Indo-European

Also in Language Atlas: the branch this subject belongs to.

Sources

1. The World's Writing Systems

Peter T. Daniels and William Bright (eds.), Oxford University Press, 1996View the Source

2. Ethnologue: Languages of the World

David M. Eberhard, Gary F. Simons and Charles D. Fennig (eds.), SIL International, 2024on the liturgical and scriptural role of SanskritView the Source

3. Indian Epigraphy: A Guide to the Study of Inscriptions in Sanskrit, Prakrit, and the Other Indo-Aryan Languages

Richard Salomon, Oxford University Press, 1998View the Source

4. The Ramayana of Valmiki

Valmiki (attributed); Robert P. Goldman (general editor), Princeton University Press

Wikidata: Upanishads

Named or Composed in This Language: Upanishads, Infobox, language field

Quote, Named or Composed in This Language: Upanishads, Infobox, language field

Sanskrit

View the Source

Wikidata: Bhagavad Gita

Named or Composed in This Language: Bhagavad Gita, Infobox, language field

Quote, Named or Composed in This Language: Bhagavad Gita, Infobox, language field

Sanskrit

View the Source

Mahabharata (Wikipedia)

Named or Composed in This Language: Mahabharata, Infobox, language field

Quote, Named or Composed in This Language: Mahabharata, Infobox, language field

Sanskrit

View the Source

Heart Sutra (Wikipedia)

Named or Composed in This Language: Heart Sutra, Infobox, language field

Quote, Named or Composed in This Language: Heart Sutra, Infobox, language field

Sanskrit

View the Source

Tattvartha Sutra (Wikipedia)

Named or Composed in This Language: Tattvartha Sutra, Infobox, language field

Quote, Named or Composed in This Language: Tattvartha Sutra, Infobox, language field

Sanskrit

View the Source

Wikidata: Devi Mahatmya

Named or Composed in This Language: Devi Mahatmya, Infobox, language field

Quote, Named or Composed in This Language: Devi Mahatmya, Infobox, language field

Sanskrit

View the Source

Diamond Sutra (Wikipedia)

Named or Composed in This Language: Diamond Sutra, Infobox, language field

Quote, Named or Composed in This Language: Diamond Sutra, Infobox, language field

Sanskrit

View the Source

Wikidata: Vishnu Purana

Named or Composed in This Language: Vishnu Purana, Infobox, language field

Quote, Named or Composed in This Language: Vishnu Purana, Infobox, language field

Sanskrit

View the Source

The Early Upanishads: Annotated Text and Translation (Patrick Olivelle)

Patrick Olivelle, Oxford University Press, New York (South Asia Research series), 1998

Named or Composed in This Language: Katha Upanishad, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: sanskrit
Named or Composed in This Language: Prashna Upanishad, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: sanskrit
Named or Composed in This Language: Mundaka Upanishad, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: sanskrit
Named or Composed in This Language: Aitareya Upanishad, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: sanskrit
Named or Composed in This Language: Svetasvatara Upanishad, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: sanskrit
Named or Composed in This Language: Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: sanskrit

The Upanishads (Sacred Books of the East, vols. 1 and 15)

F. Max Muller, Clarendon Press / Internet Sacred Text Archive, 1879

Named or Composed in This Language: Kena Upanishad, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: sanskrit
Named or Composed in This Language: Isha Upanishad, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: sanskrit

View the Source

Encyclopedia of Religion

Mircea Eliade (ed.); Lindsay Jones (ed., 2nd ed.), Macmillan Reference, 2005

Named or Composed in This Language: Tushita, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: sanskrit
Named or Composed in This Language: Avici, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: sanskrit

View the Source

Visuddhimagga (The Path of Purification)

BuddhaghosaNamed or Composed in This Language: Trayastrimsa, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: sanskrit

Tattvartha Sutra

Umaswati

Named or Composed in This Language: Siddhashila, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: sanskrit
Named or Composed in This Language: Maya (Deceit), Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: sanskrit
Named or Composed in This Language: Ahimsa (Nonviolence), Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: sanskrit
Named or Composed in This Language: Satya (Truthfulness), Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: sanskrit
Named or Composed in This Language: Asteya (Non-Stealing), Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: sanskrit
Named or Composed in This Language: Brahmacharya (Chastity), Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: sanskrit
Named or Composed in This Language: Aparigraha (Non-Possession), Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: sanskrit

View the Source

Bhagavata Purana

AnonymousNamed or Composed in This Language: Vaikuntha, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: sanskritView the Source

A Survey of Hinduism

Klaus K. Klostermaier, State University of New York Press, 2007Named or Composed in This Language: Puranas, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: sanskritView the Source

Lotus Sutra (Saddharmapundarika Sutra)

AnonymousNamed or Composed in This Language: Lotus Sutra, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: sanskrit

The Origins of Om Manipadme Hum: A Study of the Karandavyuha Sutra

Alexander Studholme, State University of New York Press, 2002Named or Composed in This Language: Karandavyuha Sutra, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: sanskrit

The Land of Bliss: The Paradise of the Buddha of Measureless Light

Luis O. Gomez (translator and editor), University of Hawaii Press, 1996Named or Composed in This Language: Larger Sukhavativyuha Sutra, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: sanskrit

The Healing Buddha

Raoul Birnbaum, Shambhala Publications, 1979Named or Composed in This Language: Bhaishajyaguru Sutra, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: sanskrit

Kuan-yin: The Chinese Transformation of Avalokitesvara

Chun-fang Yu, Columbia University Press, 2001Named or Composed in This Language: Nilakantha Dharani Sutra, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: sanskrit

The Origins of Yoga and Tantra: Indic Religions to the Thirteenth Century

Geoffrey Samuel, Cambridge University Press, 2008Named or Composed in This Language: Shat-chakra-nirupana, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: sanskrit

Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies, Volume III: Advaita Vedanta up to Samkara and His Pupils

Karl H. Potter (ed.), Motilal Banarsidass, 1981Named or Composed in This Language: Brahma Sutras, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: sanskritView the Source

The Triadic Heart of Siva: Kaula Tantricism of Abhinavagupta in the Non-dual Shaivism of Kashmir

Paul E. Muller-Ortega, State University of New York Press, 1989Named or Composed in This Language: Tantraloka, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: sanskritView the Source

Shiva Sutras: The Yoga of Supreme Identity

Jaideva Singh, Motilal Banarsidass, 1979Named or Composed in This Language: Shiva Sutras, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: sanskrit

The Doctrine of Vibration: An Analysis of the Doctrines and Practices of Kashmir Shaivism

Mark S. G. Dyczkowski, State University of New York Press, 1987Named or Composed in This Language: Spanda Karikas, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: sanskrit

The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism

Robert E. Buswell Jr. and Donald S. Lopez Jr., Princeton University Press, 2014

Named or Composed in This Language: Lankavatara Sutra, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: sanskrit
Named or Composed in This Language: Mana (Conceit), Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: sanskrit
Named or Composed in This Language: Upaya-kausalya (Skillful Means), Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: sanskrit
Named or Composed in This Language: Pranidhana (The Vow), Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: sanskrit
Named or Composed in This Language: Bala (Spiritual Power), Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: sanskrit
Named or Composed in This Language: Jnana (Transcendent Knowledge), Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: sanskrit
Named or Composed in This Language: Bodhicaryavatara, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: sanskrit

View the Source

Classical Samkhya: An Interpretation of Its History and Meaning

Gerald James Larson, Motilal Banarsidass, 1979Named or Composed in This Language: Samkhya Karika, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: sanskritView the Source

Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations

Paul Williams, Routledge, 1989Named or Composed in This Language: Avatamsaka Sutra, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: sanskrit

Encyclopedia of Hinduism

Denise Cush, Catherine Robinson and Michael York (eds.), Routledge, 2008

Named or Composed in This Language: Pancharatra Samhitas, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: sanskrit
Named or Composed in This Language: Vaikhanasa Agamas, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: sanskrit
Named or Composed in This Language: Ahimsa (Non-Injury), Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: sanskrit
Named or Composed in This Language: Satya (Truth), Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: sanskrit
Named or Composed in This Language: Asteya (Non-Theft), Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: sanskrit
Named or Composed in This Language: Brahmacharya (Continence), Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: sanskrit
Named or Composed in This Language: Aparigraha (Non-Greed), Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: sanskrit

View the Source

Saivism and the Tantric Traditions

Alexis Sanderson, Routledge, 1988Named or Composed in This Language: Shaiva Agamas, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: sanskrit

Garuda Purana

AnonymousNamed or Composed in This Language: Garuda Purana, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: sanskrit

The Concise Yoga Vasistha (Swami Venkatesananda)

Swami Venkatesananda, translator, State University of New York Press, Albany, 1984Named or Composed in This Language: Yoga Vasistha, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: sanskrit

The Puranas (Ludo Rocher)

Ludo Rocher, Otto Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden (A History of Indian Literature, Vol II, Fasc 3), 1986

Named or Composed in This Language: Agni Purana, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: sanskrit
Named or Composed in This Language: Markandeya Purana, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: sanskrit
Named or Composed in This Language: Skanda Purana, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: sanskrit

Hindu Tantric and Sakta Literature (Goudriaan and Gupta)

Teun Goudriaan and Sanjukta Gupta, Otto Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden (A History of Indian Literature, Vol II, Fasc 2), 1981Named or Composed in This Language: Kamika Agama, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: sanskrit

An Introduction to Hinduism

Gavin Flood, Cambridge University Press, 1996

Named or Composed in This Language: Kama (Lust), Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: sanskrit
Named or Composed in This Language: Krodha (Anger), Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: sanskrit
Named or Composed in This Language: Lobha (Greed), Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: sanskrit
Named or Composed in This Language: Mada (Pride), Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: sanskrit
Named or Composed in This Language: Matsarya (Envy), Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: sanskrit

View the Source

The Yoga Sutras of Patanjali: A New Edition, Translation, and Commentary

Edwin F. Bryant, North Point Press, 2009

Named or Composed in This Language: Asmita, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: sanskrit
Named or Composed in This Language: Abhinivesha, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: sanskrit

Manasara on Architecture and Sculpture

Translated by Prasanna Kumar Acharya, Oxford University Press, 1934Named or Composed in This Language: Manasara, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: sanskrit

Mayamata: An Indian Treatise on Housing, Architecture and Iconography

Translated by Bruno Dagens, Motilal Banarsidass, 1994Named or Composed in This Language: Mayamata, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: sanskrit

The Citrasutra of the Vishnudharmottara Purana

Translated by Parul Dave Mukherji, Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts, 2001Named or Composed in This Language: Chitrasutra of the Vishnudharmottara Purana, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: sanskrit

Sanskrit (Wikipedia)

Originated In: Indian Subcontinent, Lead

Quote, Originated In: Indian Subcontinent, Lead

It arose in South Asia after its predecessor languages had diffused there from the northwest in the late Bronze Age.

View the Source

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Languages: BeginnerIncludes a question about Sanskrit.

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The Inner World

The Civil World

The Natural World

Sanskrit

Siddhashila

Sukhavati (The Pure Land)

Svarga

Trayastrimsa

Tushita

Vaikuntha

Associated With

Attested in Region

Language Of

Liturgical Language Of

Named or Composed in This Language

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