Language

Latin

Sacred & Content Languages

Latin is the liturgical and scholarly language of the Roman Catholic Church for most of its history, the language of the Vulgate Bible translation, of scholastic theology from Augustine through Thomas Aquinas, and of the Tridentine Mass used across the Catholic world for centuries before postwar vernacular reforms. It remains the Holy See's official language for canon law and major church documents today, even though Mass is now typically celebrated in local languages. Latin was also, for over a millennium, the shared scholarly language of Western Europe, carrying philosophical, alchemical and early scientific writing alongside its religious literature. The atlas holds Latin as a primary source language behind a large share of the Roman Catholic and medieval Western esoteric material it catalogs.

Facts

Origins

Language Family

Italic branch of the Indo-European language family; the classical literary standard of the late Roman Republic and Empire, descended from the earlier Archaic Latin covered separately. 2

Place of Origin

Latin originated in Latium, the region around Rome in central Italy, becoming the language of the Roman Republic and Empire and the common ancestor of the Romance languages. 2Ethnologue: Languages of the World

Practice

Liturgical and Scriptural Role

The Catholic Church's official language for canon law and formal magisterial documents; language of the Vulgate Bible (translated by Jerome, circa 405 CE) and of the Tridentine Mass used for over four centuries. 3

Identity

Native Script

The Latin alphabet, in monumental capitals for inscriptions and in the book hands and later minuscule that carried the manuscripts. 1

Liturgical role (class)

Liturgical language 3

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Latin as the Working Language of the Holy See

Latin has remained the Roman Catholic Church's official language for canon law, major papal documents, and the church's internal governance for close to two thousand years, even as the everyday language of ordinary Catholic worship shifted decisively toward local vernaculars following the Second Vatican Council's reforms in the 1960s.

The Codex Iuris Canonici, the Catholic Church's body of canon law, is authoritatively promulgated in Latin, with vernacular translations treated as aids to understanding rather than the binding legal text itself, a practice that keeps Latin functionally central to Catholic institutional life even where it is rarely spoken. Major papal documents, including encyclicals, are still customarily issued with an official Latin text alongside vernacular translations, and the Vatican maintains a Latin language office responsible for rendering modern administrative and theological concepts, including contemporary technology and institutions, into classical Latin vocabulary.

The Tridentine Mass, celebrated entirely in Latin, was the standard form of the Roman Catholic liturgy for roughly four centuries following the Council of Trent in the sixteenth century, and it continues to be celebrated today by some communities under permissions the church has granted for its continued limited use alongside the modern vernacular liturgy. Latin's continued institutional role gives the Catholic Church a documentary continuity across language shifts elsewhere in its history that few other global religious institutions can match, since a scholar today can read a papal document from centuries ago in essentially the same official language used for one issued this year.

The Vulgate and Scholastic Theology in Latin

Jerome's Latin translation of the Bible, known as the Vulgate and completed in stages around the turn of the fifth century, became the standard biblical text of Western Christianity for over a thousand years, shaping Catholic theological vocabulary so thoroughly that many core Latin theological terms passed largely unchanged into English and other European languages through it.

The Council of Trent in the sixteenth century formally declared the Vulgate authoritative for Catholic doctrine and liturgy, cementing a status it had already held informally for centuries, and Catholic biblical scholarship continued to reference and revise the Vulgate text, including a major twentieth century revision, well after other confessions had shifted toward translations from the original Hebrew and Greek. Latin was also the working language of Western scholastic theology, the systematic method of argument, definition, and disputation developed in medieval universities and applied most influentially by Thomas Aquinas in works including the Summa Theologica, which addressed questions ranging from the nature of God to the ethics of everyday conduct using a rigorous Latin technical vocabulary largely built for the purpose. This shared Latin scholarly language let theologians across different countries engage directly with each other's arguments without translation, producing a genuinely international medieval intellectual culture organized around Latin universities. Scholastic Latin terminology, including concepts such as substance, accident, and the several senses distinguished for scriptural interpretation, remains part of the working vocabulary of Catholic theology today, even in discussions conducted primarily in modern languages.

Connections

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Associated With

Christianity

Latin was the liturgical language of the Roman Rite for most of its history and remains the official language of Roman Catholic canon law and typical editions.

Source The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, 3rd revised editionF. L. Cross and E. A. Livingstone (eds.)

Roman Religion

Attested in Region

Italy

Latin is documented in use as a written language in Italy. The claim is where the language is documented in use as a written, literary or liturgical language. It is not a claim about the full extent of its speakers, and it is not a claim about where the language originated.

Source The World's Writing SystemsPeter T. Daniels and William Bright (eds.)

Western Europe

Source The World's Writing SystemsPeter T. Daniels and William Bright (eds.)

Language Of

Aeneid

Entity-backed identity for the language enum value this record already carries, resolved to the live divinity language entity that value names, per the phase 3 entity-backed browse bucket conversion (docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md, owner decisions 2026-09-28, w-bucketconv-divlang2-0929, mapping corrected). The language fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the record unchanged; this relationship only adds the durable entity identity the value already names.

Agnus Dei

Alcyone

Entity-backed identity for the language enum value this record already carries, resolved to the live divinity language entity that value names, per the phase 3 entity-backed browse bucket conversion (docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md, owner decisions 2026-09-28, w-bucketconv-divlang2-0929). The language fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the record unchanged; this relationship only adds the durable entity identity the value already names.

Alma Redemptoris Mater

Angelus

Anima Christi

Antares

Entity-backed identity for the language enum value this record already carries, resolved to the live divinity language entity that value names, per the phase 3 entity-backed browse bucket conversion (docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md, owner decisions 2026-09-28, w-bucketconv-divlang2-0929). The language fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the record unchanged; this relationship only adds the durable entity identity the value already names.

Arbatel de Magia Veterum

Arcturus

Entity-backed identity for the language enum value this record already carries, resolved to the live divinity language entity that value names, per the phase 3 entity-backed browse bucket conversion (docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md, owner decisions 2026-09-28, w-bucketconv-divlang2-0929). The language fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the record unchanged; this relationship only adds the durable entity identity the value already names.

Avalon

Entity-backed identity for the language enum value this record already carries, resolved to the live divinity language entity that value names, per the phase 3 entity-backed browse bucket conversion (docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md, owner decisions 2026-09-28, w-bucketconv-divlang2-0929). The language fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the record unchanged; this relationship only adds the durable entity identity the value already names.

Bellatrix

Entity-backed identity for the language enum value this record already carries, resolved to the live divinity language entity that value names, per the phase 3 entity-backed browse bucket conversion (docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md, owner decisions 2026-09-28, w-bucketconv-divlang2-0929). The language fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the record unchanged; this relationship only adds the durable entity identity the value already names.

Canon Episcopi

Canopus

Entity-backed identity for the language enum value this record already carries, resolved to the live divinity language entity that value names, per the phase 3 entity-backed browse bucket conversion (docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md, owner decisions 2026-09-28, w-bucketconv-divlang2-0929). The language fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the record unchanged; this relationship only adds the durable entity identity the value already names.

Capella

Entity-backed identity for the language enum value this record already carries, resolved to the live divinity language entity that value names, per the phase 3 entity-backed browse bucket conversion (docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md, owner decisions 2026-09-28, w-bucketconv-divlang2-0929). The language fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the record unchanged; this relationship only adds the durable entity identity the value already names.

Castor

Entity-backed identity for the language enum value this record already carries, resolved to the live divinity language entity that value names, per the phase 3 entity-backed browse bucket conversion (docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md, owner decisions 2026-09-28, w-bucketconv-divlang2-0929). The language fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the record unchanged; this relationship only adds the durable entity identity the value already names.

Cato's Prayer to Mars

Cautio Criminalis

Charity

Entity-backed identity for the language enum value this record already carries, resolved to the live divinity language entity that value names, per the phase 3 entity-backed browse bucket conversion (docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md, owner decisions 2026-09-28, w-bucketconv-divlang2-0929). The language fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the record unchanged; this relationship only adds the durable entity identity the value already names.

Chastity

Entity-backed identity for the language enum value this record already carries, resolved to the live divinity language entity that value names, per the phase 3 entity-backed browse bucket conversion (docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md, owner decisions 2026-09-28, w-bucketconv-divlang2-0929). The language fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the record unchanged; this relationship only adds the durable entity identity the value already names.

Collect for Purity

Confessions

De Arte Cabalistica

De Praestigiis Daemonum

Diligence

Entity-backed identity for the language enum value this record already carries, resolved to the live divinity language entity that value names, per the phase 3 entity-backed browse bucket conversion (docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md, owner decisions 2026-09-28, w-bucketconv-divlang2-0929). The language fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the record unchanged; this relationship only adds the durable entity identity the value already names.

Envy (Invidia)

Entity-backed identity for the language enum value this record already carries, resolved to the live divinity language entity that value names, per the phase 3 entity-backed browse bucket conversion (docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md, owner decisions 2026-09-28, w-bucketconv-divlang2-0929). The language fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the record unchanged; this relationship only adds the durable entity identity the value already names.

Faith

Entity-backed identity for the language enum value this record already carries, resolved to the live divinity language entity that value names, per the phase 3 entity-backed browse bucket conversion (docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md, owner decisions 2026-09-28, w-bucketconv-divlang2-0929). The language fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the record unchanged; this relationship only adds the durable entity identity the value already names.

Fides

Entity-backed identity for the language enum value this record already carries, resolved to the live divinity language entity that value names, per the phase 3 entity-backed browse bucket conversion (docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md, owner decisions 2026-09-28, w-bucketconv-divlang2-0929). The language fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the record unchanged; this relationship only adds the durable entity identity the value already names.

Formicarius

Fortitude

Entity-backed identity for the language enum value this record already carries, resolved to the live divinity language entity that value names, per the phase 3 entity-backed browse bucket conversion (docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md, owner decisions 2026-09-28, w-bucketconv-divlang2-0929). The language fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the record unchanged; this relationship only adds the durable entity identity the value already names.

Gloria Patri

Gluttony (Gula)

Entity-backed identity for the language enum value this record already carries, resolved to the live divinity language entity that value names, per the phase 3 entity-backed browse bucket conversion (docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md, owner decisions 2026-09-28, w-bucketconv-divlang2-0929). The language fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the record unchanged; this relationship only adds the durable entity identity the value already names.

Gravitas

Entity-backed identity for the language enum value this record already carries, resolved to the live divinity language entity that value names, per the phase 3 entity-backed browse bucket conversion (docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md, owner decisions 2026-09-28, w-bucketconv-divlang2-0929). The language fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the record unchanged; this relationship only adds the durable entity identity the value already names.

Greed / Avarice (Avaritia)

Entity-backed identity for the language enum value this record already carries, resolved to the live divinity language entity that value names, per the phase 3 entity-backed browse bucket conversion (docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md, owner decisions 2026-09-28, w-bucketconv-divlang2-0929). The language fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the record unchanged; this relationship only adds the durable entity identity the value already names.

Harmonices Mundi

Hope

Entity-backed identity for the language enum value this record already carries, resolved to the live divinity language entity that value names, per the phase 3 entity-backed browse bucket conversion (docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md, owner decisions 2026-09-28, w-bucketconv-divlang2-0929). The language fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the record unchanged; this relationship only adds the durable entity identity the value already names.

Humility

Entity-backed identity for the language enum value this record already carries, resolved to the live divinity language entity that value names, per the phase 3 entity-backed browse bucket conversion (docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md, owner decisions 2026-09-28, w-bucketconv-divlang2-0929). The language fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the record unchanged; this relationship only adds the durable entity identity the value already names.

Institutes of the Christian Religion

Justice

Entity-backed identity for the language enum value this record already carries, resolved to the live divinity language entity that value names, per the phase 3 entity-backed browse bucket conversion (docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md, owner decisions 2026-09-28, w-bucketconv-divlang2-0929). The language fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the record unchanged; this relationship only adds the durable entity identity the value already names.

Kindness

Entity-backed identity for the language enum value this record already carries, resolved to the live divinity language entity that value names, per the phase 3 entity-backed browse bucket conversion (docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md, owner decisions 2026-09-28, w-bucketconv-divlang2-0929). The language fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the record unchanged; this relationship only adds the durable entity identity the value already names.

Liber Scientiae, Auxilii et Victoriae Terrestris

Lust (Luxuria)

Entity-backed identity for the language enum value this record already carries, resolved to the live divinity language entity that value names, per the phase 3 entity-backed browse bucket conversion (docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md, owner decisions 2026-09-28, w-bucketconv-divlang2-0929). The language fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the record unchanged; this relationship only adds the durable entity identity the value already names.

Malleus Maleficarum

Memorare

Metamorphoses

Munich Manual of Demonic Magic (Clm 849)

Mutus Liber (The Silent Book)

Patience

Entity-backed identity for the language enum value this record already carries, resolved to the live divinity language entity that value names, per the phase 3 entity-backed browse bucket conversion (docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md, owner decisions 2026-09-28, w-bucketconv-divlang2-0929). The language fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the record unchanged; this relationship only adds the durable entity identity the value already names.

Pietas

Entity-backed identity for the language enum value this record already carries, resolved to the live divinity language entity that value names, per the phase 3 entity-backed browse bucket conversion (docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md, owner decisions 2026-09-28, w-bucketconv-divlang2-0929). The language fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the record unchanged; this relationship only adds the durable entity identity the value already names.

Polaris

Entity-backed identity for the language enum value this record already carries, resolved to the live divinity language entity that value names, per the phase 3 entity-backed browse bucket conversion (docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md, owner decisions 2026-09-28, w-bucketconv-divlang2-0929). The language fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the record unchanged; this relationship only adds the durable entity identity the value already names.

Pollux

Entity-backed identity for the language enum value this record already carries, resolved to the live divinity language entity that value names, per the phase 3 entity-backed browse bucket conversion (docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md, owner decisions 2026-09-28, w-bucketconv-divlang2-0929). The language fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the record unchanged; this relationship only adds the durable entity identity the value already names.

Polygraphia

Praesepe

Entity-backed identity for the language enum value this record already carries, resolved to the live divinity language entity that value names, per the phase 3 entity-backed browse bucket conversion (docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md, owner decisions 2026-09-28, w-bucketconv-divlang2-0929). The language fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the record unchanged; this relationship only adds the durable entity identity the value already names.

Pride (Superbia)

Entity-backed identity for the language enum value this record already carries, resolved to the live divinity language entity that value names, per the phase 3 entity-backed browse bucket conversion (docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md, owner decisions 2026-09-28, w-bucketconv-divlang2-0929). The language fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the record unchanged; this relationship only adds the durable entity identity the value already names.

Procyon

Entity-backed identity for the language enum value this record already carries, resolved to the live divinity language entity that value names, per the phase 3 entity-backed browse bucket conversion (docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md, owner decisions 2026-09-28, w-bucketconv-divlang2-0929). The language fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the record unchanged; this relationship only adds the durable entity identity the value already names.

Prudence

Entity-backed identity for the language enum value this record already carries, resolved to the live divinity language entity that value names, per the phase 3 entity-backed browse bucket conversion (docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md, owner decisions 2026-09-28, w-bucketconv-divlang2-0929). The language fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the record unchanged; this relationship only adds the durable entity identity the value already names.

Pseudomonarchia Daemonum

Purgatory

Regina Caeli

Regulus

Entity-backed identity for the language enum value this record already carries, resolved to the live divinity language entity that value names, per the phase 3 entity-backed browse bucket conversion (docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md, owner decisions 2026-09-28, w-bucketconv-divlang2-0929). The language fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the record unchanged; this relationship only adds the durable entity identity the value already names.

Rituale Romanum

Roman Religion Historical Prayer Corpus

Rosarium Philosophorum

Rule of Saint Augustine

Rule of Saint Benedict

Salve Regina

Santa Prisca Mithraic Acclamation

Sirius

Entity-backed identity for the language enum value this record already carries, resolved to the live divinity language entity that value names, per the phase 3 entity-backed browse bucket conversion (docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md, owner decisions 2026-09-28, w-bucketconv-divlang2-0929). The language fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the record unchanged; this relationship only adds the durable entity identity the value already names.

Sirius B

Entity-backed identity for the language enum value this record already carries, resolved to the live divinity language entity that value names, per the phase 3 entity-backed browse bucket conversion (docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md, owner decisions 2026-09-28, w-bucketconv-divlang2-0929). The language fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the record unchanged; this relationship only adds the durable entity identity the value already names.

Sloth (Acedia)

Entity-backed identity for the language enum value this record already carries, resolved to the live divinity language entity that value names, per the phase 3 entity-backed browse bucket conversion (docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md, owner decisions 2026-09-28, w-bucketconv-divlang2-0929). The language fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the record unchanged; this relationship only adds the durable entity identity the value already names.

Spica

Entity-backed identity for the language enum value this record already carries, resolved to the live divinity language entity that value names, per the phase 3 entity-backed browse bucket conversion (docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md, owner decisions 2026-09-28, w-bucketconv-divlang2-0929). The language fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the record unchanged; this relationship only adds the durable entity identity the value already names.

Summa Theologiae

Temperance

Entity-backed identity for the language enum value this record already carries, resolved to the live divinity language entity that value names, per the phase 3 entity-backed browse bucket conversion (docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md, owner decisions 2026-09-28, w-bucketconv-divlang2-0929). The language fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the record unchanged; this relationship only adds the durable entity identity the value already names.

The City of God

The Fourth Book of Occult Philosophy

The Heptameron (Elementa Magica)

The Hermetica

The Imitation of Christ

The Key of Solomon (Clavicula Salomonis)

The Psychomachia

The Roman Missal

The Sworn Book of Honorius (Liber Juratus)

The Underworld of Dis Pater and Proserpina

Three Books of Occult Philosophy

Vertex

Entity-backed identity for the language enum value this record already carries, resolved to the live divinity language entity that value names, per the phase 3 entity-backed browse bucket conversion (docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md, owner decisions 2026-09-28, w-bucketconv-divlang2-0929). The language fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the record unchanged; this relationship only adds the durable entity identity the value already names.

Virtus

Entity-backed identity for the language enum value this record already carries, resolved to the live divinity language entity that value names, per the phase 3 entity-backed browse bucket conversion (docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md, owner decisions 2026-09-28, w-bucketconv-divlang2-0929). The language fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the record unchanged; this relationship only adds the durable entity identity the value already names.

Vulgate

Wrath (Ira)

Entity-backed identity for the language enum value this record already carries, resolved to the live divinity language entity that value names, per the phase 3 entity-backed browse bucket conversion (docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md, owner decisions 2026-09-28, w-bucketconv-divlang2-0929). The language fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the record unchanged; this relationship only adds the durable entity identity the value already names.

Zosma

Entity-backed identity for the language enum value this record already carries, resolved to the live divinity language entity that value names, per the phase 3 entity-backed browse bucket conversion (docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md, owner decisions 2026-09-28, w-bucketconv-divlang2-0929). The language fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the record unchanged; this relationship only adds the durable entity identity the value already names.

Liturgical Language Of

Adorers of the Blood of Christ

Alexians

Apostolic Union of Secular Priests

Augustinian Province of England and Scotland

Barnabites

Bartholomites

Bernadines of the Precious Blood

Bethlehemite Brothers

Bon Secours Sisters

Bonalists

Brothers of Mercy of Our Lady of Perpetual Help

Brothers of Our Lady of the Fields

Brothers of the Cross of Jesus

Brothers of the Poor of St. Francis

Camaldolese

Capuciati

Celestines

Christian Doctrine Fathers

Claretians

Cluniac Order

Community of Saint Martin

Community of St. John

Companions of the Cross

Company of Mary

Conception of Our Lady

Congregation of Christian Brothers

Congregation of Christian Retreat

Congregation of Holy Cross

Congregation of Notre Dame

Congregation of the Holy Spirit

Congregation of the Mission

Discalced Carmelites

Franciscan Missionaries of Mary

Institute of Mission Helpers of the Sacred Heart

Institute of the Brothers of the Christian Schools

Legion of Christ

Little Sisters of Jesus

Little Sisters of the Poor

Livonian Brothers of the Sword

Livonian Order

Maryknoll Sisters

Medical Mission Sisters

Mercedarians

Missionaries of Africa

Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate

Oratory of Saint Philip Neri

Order of Christ (Portugal)

Order of Friars Minor Conventual

Order of Minims

Order of Montesa

Order of Saint Lazarus

Order of Santiago

Order of the Holy Ghost

Order of the Visitation of Holy Mary

Passionists

Piarists

Religious Sisters of Mercy

Roman Catholicism

Salesian Sisters of Don Bosco

School Sisters of Notre Dame

Servite Order

Sisters for Christian Community

Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur

Sisters of Providence (Montreal)

Sisters of Providence (Ruille-sur-Loir, France)

Sisters of Providence of Holyoke

Sisters of Providence of Saint Mary-of-the-Woods

Sisters of Providence of St. Vincent de Paul

Sisters of Providence of the Institute of Charity

Sisters of St. Joseph of Carondelet

Sisters of the Holy Faith

Sisters of the Infant Jesus

Society of Mary (Marists)

Society of the Divine Word

Society of the Sacred Heart

Spiritual Franciscans

Entity-backed identity for the language enum value this record already carries, resolved to the live divinity language entity that value names, per the phase 3 entity-backed browse bucket conversion (docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md, owner decisions 2026-09-28, w-bucketconv-divlang2-0929). The language fact itself, with its own citation, stays on the record unchanged; this relationship only adds the durable entity identity the value already names.

Named or Composed in This Language

Acquisitio

Source Recherches sur une technique divinatoire: la geomancie dans l'Occident medievalTherese Charmasson

Aeneid

Source The Oxford Classical Dictionary, 4th editionSimon Hornblower, Antony Spawforth and Esther Eidinow (eds.)

Agares

Source Pseudomonarchia DaemonumJohann Weyer

Agiel

Source Three Books of Occult PhilosophyHeinrich Cornelius Agrippa

Agnus Dei

The prayer is transmitted in Latin.

Aim

Source Pseudomonarchia DaemonumJohann Weyer

Albedo

Source The Secrets of AlchemyLawrence M. Principe

Albus

Source Recherches sur une technique divinatoire: la geomancie dans l'Occident medievalTherese Charmasson

Alcyone

Source Star Names: Their Lore and MeaningRichard Hinckley Allen

Alloces

Source Pseudomonarchia DaemonumJohann Weyer

Alma Redemptoris Mater

Source The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, 3rd revised editionF. L. Cross and E. A. Livingstone (eds.)

Ambrosian Rite

Source The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, 3rd revised editionF. L. Cross and E. A. Livingstone (eds.)

Amdusias

Source Pseudomonarchia DaemonumJohann Weyer

Amissio

Source Recherches sur une technique divinatoire: la geomancie dans l'Occident medievalTherese Charmasson

Amon

Source Pseudomonarchia DaemonumJohann Weyer

Amy

Source Pseudomonarchia DaemonumJohann Weyer

Ancient Romans

Latin carried Roman prayer, ritual record and calendar, and remained the West's liturgical language.

Source Religions of Rome, Volume 1: A HistoryMary Beard, John North and Simon Price

Andras

Source Pseudomonarchia DaemonumJohann Weyer

Andrealphus

Source Pseudomonarchia DaemonumJohann Weyer

Andromalius

Source Pseudomonarchia DaemonumJohann Weyer

Andromeda

Source Delimitation Scientifique des ConstellationsEugene Delporte

Antares

Source Star Names: Their Lore and MeaningRichard Hinckley Allen

Aquarius

Source A History of Western AstrologyNicholas Campion

Aquila

Source Delimitation Scientifique des ConstellationsEugene Delporte

Ara

Source Delimitation Scientifique des ConstellationsEugene Delporte

Arcturus

Source Star Names: Their Lore and MeaningRichard Hinckley Allen

Argo

Source Delimitation Scientifique des ConstellationsEugene Delporte

Aries

Source A History of Western AstrologyNicholas Campion

Ascendant

Ascendens, the rising degree. The Latin renders the Greek horoskopos of the Hellenistic handbooks, which is where the point enters the tradition.

Source Introduction to Astrology (Eisagogika)Paulus Alexandrinus

Asclepius

Source The Western Esoteric Traditions: A Historical IntroductionNicholas Goodrick-Clarke

Asmoday

Source Pseudomonarchia DaemonumJohann Weyer

Astaroth

Source Pseudomonarchia DaemonumJohann Weyer

Augury

Source The Augural Law, in Aufstieg und Niedergang der roemischen Welt II.16.3Jerzy Linderski

Auriga

Source Delimitation Scientifique des ConstellationsEugene Delporte

Aurora Consurgens

Source The Secrets of AlchemyLawrence M. Principe

Avalon

Source Celtic Culture: A Historical EncyclopediaJohn T. Koch (ed.)

Ave Maria

The mantra is transmitted in Latin.

Ave Maria (Hymn)

Source Divinity Atlas Entity Records, First Edition

Bael

Source Pseudomonarchia DaemonumJohann Weyer

Balam

Source Pseudomonarchia DaemonumJohann Weyer

Barbatos

Source Pseudomonarchia DaemonumJohann Weyer

Bathin

Source Pseudomonarchia DaemonumJohann Weyer

Beleth

Source Pseudomonarchia DaemonumJohann Weyer

Belial

Source Pseudomonarchia DaemonumJohann Weyer

Bellatrix

Source Star Names: Their Lore and MeaningRichard Hinckley Allen

Berith

Source Pseudomonarchia DaemonumJohann Weyer

Bifrons

Source Pseudomonarchia DaemonumJohann Weyer

Bootes

Source Delimitation Scientifique des ConstellationsEugene Delporte

Botis

Source Pseudomonarchia DaemonumJohann Weyer

Buer

Source Pseudomonarchia DaemonumJohann Weyer

Bune

Source Pseudomonarchia DaemonumJohann Weyer

Caim

Source Pseudomonarchia DaemonumJohann Weyer

Calcination

Source The Secrets of AlchemyLawrence M. Principe

Cancer

Source A History of Western AstrologyNicholas Campion

Canis Major

Source Delimitation Scientifique des ConstellationsEugene Delporte

Canis Minor

Source Delimitation Scientifique des ConstellationsEugene Delporte

Canopus

Source Star Names: Their Lore and MeaningRichard Hinckley Allen

Capella

Source Star Names: Their Lore and MeaningRichard Hinckley Allen

Capricorn

Source A History of Western AstrologyNicholas Campion

Caput Draconis

Source Recherches sur une technique divinatoire: la geomancie dans l'Occident medievalTherese Charmasson

Carcer

Source Recherches sur une technique divinatoire: la geomancie dans l'Occident medievalTherese Charmasson

Carmen Saeculare

Matches its own already-established language enum value (latin); commissioned in 17 BCE with no archaism claimed, unlike its sibling Carmen Saliare.

Source Religions of Rome, Volume 1: A HistoryMary Beard, John North and Simon Price

Cassiopeia

Source Delimitation Scientifique des ConstellationsEugene Delporte

Castor

Source Star Names: Their Lore and MeaningRichard Hinckley Allen

Cato's Prayer to Mars

Source Religions of Rome, Volume 1: A HistoryMary Beard, John North and Simon Price

Cauda Draconis

Source Recherches sur une technique divinatoire: la geomancie dans l'Occident medievalTherese Charmasson

Centaurus

Source Delimitation Scientifique des ConstellationsEugene Delporte

Cepheus

Source Delimitation Scientifique des ConstellationsEugene Delporte

Ceres

Cetus

Source Delimitation Scientifique des ConstellationsEugene Delporte

Charity

Source PsychomachiaPrudentius (Aurelius Prudentius Clemens)

Chastity

Source PsychomachiaPrudentius (Aurelius Prudentius Clemens)

Cimeies

Source Pseudomonarchia DaemonumJohann Weyer

Cineraria

Cineraria is from Latin cinerarius, of ashes, from cinis, ash, for the fine grey down that whitens the undersides of the leaves.

Source The Oxford English Dictionary, 3rd editionOxford University Press

Citrinitas

Source The Secrets of AlchemyLawrence M. Principe

Coagulation

Source The Secrets of AlchemyLawrence M. Principe

Confessions

Source The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, 3rd revised editionF. L. Cross and E. A. Livingstone (eds.)

Coniunctio

Source Recherches sur une technique divinatoire: la geomancie dans l'Occident medievalTherese Charmasson

Conjunction

Source The Secrets of AlchemyLawrence M. Principe

Corona Australis

Source Delimitation Scientifique des ConstellationsEugene Delporte

Corona Borealis

Source Delimitation Scientifique des ConstellationsEugene Delporte

Corvus

Source Delimitation Scientifique des ConstellationsEugene Delporte

Crater

Source Delimitation Scientifique des ConstellationsEugene Delporte

Crocell

Source Pseudomonarchia DaemonumJohann Weyer

Crux

Fixed as an independent constellation by Petrus Plancius and Johann Bayer in celestial atlases around 1600, the same Latin-naming convention as the other 87 modern IAU constellations.

Source Delimitation Scientifique des ConstellationsEugene Delporte

Cygnus

Source Delimitation Scientifique des ConstellationsEugene Delporte

Dantalion

Source Pseudomonarchia DaemonumJohann Weyer

Date Palm

The second element is from Latin palma, the flat of the hand, for the spread of the frond.

Source The Oxford English Dictionary, 3rd editionOxford University Press

Decarabia

Source Pseudomonarchia DaemonumJohann Weyer

Delphinus

Source Delimitation Scientifique des ConstellationsEugene Delporte

Demonology

Source Grimoires: A History of Magic BooksOwen Davies

Descendant

Descendens, the setting degree, the western end of the horizon axis.

Source Introduction to Astrology (Eisagogika)Paulus Alexandrinus

Dies Irae

Source Divinity Atlas Entity Records, First Edition

Diligence

Source PsychomachiaPrudentius (Aurelius Prudentius Clemens)

Dissolution

Source The Secrets of AlchemyLawrence M. Principe

Distillation

Source The Secrets of AlchemyLawrence M. Principe

Draco

Source Delimitation Scientifique des ConstellationsEugene Delporte

Duke

Source Pseudomonarchia DaemonumJohann Weyer

Earl

Source Pseudomonarchia DaemonumJohann Weyer

Eligos

Source Pseudomonarchia DaemonumJohann Weyer

Envy (Invidia)

Source Moralia in JobGregory the Great

Equuleus

Source Delimitation Scientifique des ConstellationsEugene Delporte

Eridanus

Source Delimitation Scientifique des ConstellationsEugene Delporte

Faith

Source Summa TheologiaeThomas Aquinas

Fermentation

Source The Secrets of AlchemyLawrence M. Principe

Fides

Source The Oxford Classical Dictionary, 4th editionSimon Hornblower, Antony Spawforth and Esther Eidinow (eds.)

Focalor

Source Pseudomonarchia DaemonumJohann Weyer

Foras

Source Pseudomonarchia DaemonumJohann Weyer

Forneus

Source Pseudomonarchia DaemonumJohann Weyer

Fortitude

Source Summa TheologiaeThomas Aquinas

Fortuna Major

Source Recherches sur une technique divinatoire: la geomancie dans l'Occident medievalTherese Charmasson

Fortuna Minor

Source Recherches sur une technique divinatoire: la geomancie dans l'Occident medievalTherese Charmasson

Furcas

Source Pseudomonarchia DaemonumJohann Weyer

Furfur

Source Pseudomonarchia DaemonumJohann Weyer

Gaap

Source Pseudomonarchia DaemonumJohann Weyer

Gemini

Source A History of Western AstrologyNicholas Campion

Gladiolus

Gladiolus is Latin for a little sword, the diminutive of gladius, for the blade-shaped leaves. The plain English of the same figure is sword lily.

Source The Oxford English Dictionary, 3rd editionOxford University Press

Glasya-Labolas

Source Pseudomonarchia DaemonumJohann Weyer

Gloria in Excelsis Deo

Source Divinity Atlas Entity Records, First Edition

Gloria Patri

Source The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, 3rd revised editionF. L. Cross and E. A. Livingstone (eds.)

Gluttony (Gula)

Source Moralia in JobGregory the Great

Graphiel

Source Three Books of Occult PhilosophyHeinrich Cornelius Agrippa

Gravitas

Source The Oxford Classical Dictionary, 4th editionSimon Hornblower, Antony Spawforth and Esther Eidinow (eds.)

Greed / Avarice (Avaritia)

Source Moralia in JobGregory the Great

Gregorian Calendar

The Gregorian calendar was promulgated in Latin and its month names are Latin. The language in which the calendar's own terminology is framed. Every one of these calendars is used today by communities working in many other languages, and the link records the technical language rather than the languages of its users.

Source Calendrical Calculations: The Ultimate EditionEdward M. Reingold and Nachum Dershowitz

Gremory

Source Pseudomonarchia DaemonumJohann Weyer

Gusion

Source Pseudomonarchia DaemonumJohann Weyer

Haagenti

Source Pseudomonarchia DaemonumJohann Weyer

Hagiel

Source Three Books of Occult PhilosophyHeinrich Cornelius Agrippa

Halphas

Source Pseudomonarchia DaemonumJohann Weyer

Haures

Source Pseudomonarchia DaemonumJohann Weyer

Heavenly Waters

Source Delimitation Scientifique des ConstellationsEugene Delporte

Hercules

Source Delimitation Scientifique des ConstellationsEugene Delporte

Hope

Source Summa TheologiaeThomas Aquinas

Humility

Source PsychomachiaPrudentius (Aurelius Prudentius Clemens)

Hydra

Source Delimitation Scientifique des ConstellationsEugene Delporte

Institutes of the Christian Religion

Source The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, 3rd revised editionF. L. Cross and E. A. Livingstone (eds.)

Iophiel

Source Three Books of Occult PhilosophyHeinrich Cornelius Agrippa

Ipos

Source Pseudomonarchia DaemonumJohann Weyer

Juno

The four asteroids brought into astrological use by the 1970s ephemerides carry Roman names, Juno among them.

Source Ephemerides of the Asteroids: Ceres, Pallas, Juno, Vesta, 1900-2000Eleanor Bach

Jupiter

Source A History of Western AstrologyNicholas Campion

Justice

Source Summa TheologiaeThomas Aquinas

Kindness

Source PsychomachiaPrudentius (Aurelius Prudentius Clemens)

King

Source Pseudomonarchia DaemonumJohann Weyer

Knight

Source Pseudomonarchia DaemonumJohann Weyer

Laetitia

Source Recherches sur une technique divinatoire: la geomancie dans l'Occident medievalTherese Charmasson

Leo

Source A History of Western AstrologyNicholas Campion

Lepus

Source Delimitation Scientifique des ConstellationsEugene Delporte

Leraje

Source Pseudomonarchia DaemonumJohann Weyer

Libra

Source A History of Western AstrologyNicholas Campion

Lupus

Source Delimitation Scientifique des ConstellationsEugene Delporte

Lust (Luxuria)

Source Moralia in JobGregory the Great

Lyra

Source Delimitation Scientifique des ConstellationsEugene Delporte

Magnificat

Source Divinity Atlas Entity Records, First Edition

Malkah be-Tarshishim

Source Three Books of Occult PhilosophyHeinrich Cornelius Agrippa

Malphas

Source Pseudomonarchia DaemonumJohann Weyer

Marax

Source Pseudomonarchia DaemonumJohann Weyer

Marbas

Source Pseudomonarchia DaemonumJohann Weyer

Marchosias

Source Pseudomonarchia DaemonumJohann Weyer

Marquis

Source Pseudomonarchia DaemonumJohann Weyer

Mars

Source A History of Western AstrologyNicholas Campion

Mercury

Source A History of Western AstrologyNicholas Campion

Mercury

Source The Secrets of AlchemyLawrence M. Principe

Metamorphoses

Source MetamorphosesOvid

Metatron

This edge names one proposed source language rather than a contested claim in its own right. Metatron's own name-origin facts already carry the dispute over a Latin or Greek metator derivation against the Second Temple Enoch-tradition reading, in full.

Source The Enoch-Metatron TraditionAndrei A. Orlov

Midheaven

Medium Coeli, the middle of the sky, is the name the point carries throughout the Western tradition.

Source Introduction to Astrology (Eisagogika)Paulus Alexandrinus

Moon

Source A History of Western AstrologyNicholas Campion

Mozarabic Rite

Source The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, 3rd revised editionF. L. Cross and E. A. Livingstone (eds.)

Murmur

Source Pseudomonarchia DaemonumJohann Weyer

Naberius

Source Pseudomonarchia DaemonumJohann Weyer

Nadir

Imum Coeli, the bottom of the sky, is the name the point carries throughout the Western tradition.

Source Introduction to Astrology (Eisagogika)Paulus Alexandrinus

Nakhiel

Source Three Books of Occult PhilosophyHeinrich Cornelius Agrippa

Necromancy

Source Grimoires: A History of Magic BooksOwen Davies

Neptune

Nigredo

Source The Secrets of AlchemyLawrence M. Principe

Ophiuchus

Source Delimitation Scientifique des ConstellationsEugene Delporte

Orias

Source Pseudomonarchia DaemonumJohann Weyer

Orion

Source Delimitation Scientifique des ConstellationsEugene Delporte

Orobas

Source Pseudomonarchia DaemonumJohann Weyer

Ose

Source Pseudomonarchia DaemonumJohann Weyer

Paimon

Source Pseudomonarchia DaemonumJohann Weyer

Pange Lingua

Source Divinity Atlas Entity Records, First Edition

Part of Fortune

Pars Fortunae in the Latin tradition, rendering the Greek kleros of the Hellenistic lot doctrine.

Source Introduction to Astrology (Eisagogika)Paulus Alexandrinus

Patience

Source PsychomachiaPrudentius (Aurelius Prudentius Clemens)

Peach Blossom

Peach is from Latin persica, the Persian apple, though the tree reached Rome from China by way of Persia and is not Persian at all.

Source The Oxford English Dictionary, 3rd editionOxford University Press

Pegasus

Source Delimitation Scientifique des ConstellationsEugene Delporte

Perseus

Source Delimitation Scientifique des ConstellationsEugene Delporte

Phenex

Source Pseudomonarchia DaemonumJohann Weyer

Pietas

Source The Oxford Classical Dictionary, 4th editionSimon Hornblower, Antony Spawforth and Esther Eidinow (eds.)

Pine

Pine is from Latin pinus, probably from a root meaning resin or pitch, which is the tree's most exported product.

Source The Oxford English Dictionary, 3rd editionOxford University Press

Pisces

Source A History of Western AstrologyNicholas Campion

Pisces Australis

Source Delimitation Scientifique des ConstellationsEugene Delporte

Pluto

Polaris

Source Star Names: Their Lore and MeaningRichard Hinckley Allen

Pollux

Source Star Names: Their Lore and MeaningRichard Hinckley Allen

Populus

Source Recherches sur une technique divinatoire: la geomancie dans l'Occident medievalTherese Charmasson

Praesepe

Source Star Names: Their Lore and MeaningRichard Hinckley Allen

President

Source Pseudomonarchia DaemonumJohann Weyer

Pride (Superbia)

Source Moralia in JobGregory the Great

Primrose

Primrose is from medieval Latin prima rosa, first rose, for its early spring flowering. It is not a rose, and the Italian and French forms carry the same harmless error.

Source The Oxford English Dictionary, 3rd editionOxford University Press

Prince

Source Pseudomonarchia DaemonumJohann Weyer

Procyon

Source Star Names: Their Lore and MeaningRichard Hinckley Allen

Prudence

Source Summa TheologiaeThomas Aquinas

Puella

Source Recherches sur une technique divinatoire: la geomancie dans l'Occident medievalTherese Charmasson

Puer

Source Recherches sur une technique divinatoire: la geomancie dans l'Occident medievalTherese Charmasson

Purgatory

Source Canons and Decrees of the Council of TrentCouncil of Trentthe holders' own account

Purson

Source Pseudomonarchia DaemonumJohann Weyer

Raum

Source Pseudomonarchia DaemonumJohann Weyer

Regina Caeli

The prayer is transmitted in Latin.

Regulus

Source Star Names: Their Lore and MeaningRichard Hinckley Allen

Rituale Romanum

Source The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, 3rd revised editionF. L. Cross and E. A. Livingstone (eds.)

Roman

Source A History of Western AstrologyNicholas Campion

Roman Religion Historical Prayer Corpus

Source Wikipedia, "Religion in Ancient Rome"Wikipedia contributors

Roman Rite

Source The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, 3rd revised editionF. L. Cross and E. A. Livingstone (eds.)

In the Other Atlases

Also in Language Atlas: Indo-European, in branch there.
Also in Language Atlas: Italic, in branch there.

Sources

1. The World's Writing Systems

Peter T. Daniels and William Bright (eds.), Oxford University Press, 1996View the Source

2. Ethnologue: Languages of the World

David M. Eberhard, Gary F. Simons and Charles D. Fennig (eds.), SIL International, 2024On Latin's origin in Latium and its Romance descendantsView the Source

3. Prologus Galeatus and the Vulgate Prefaces

Jerome, 391Named or Composed in This Language: Vulgate, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: latin

Wikipedia, "Religion in Ancient Rome"

Wikipedia contributors, Wikipedia, 2026Named or Composed in This Language: Roman Religion Historical Prayer Corpus, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: latinView the Source

Religions of Rome, Volume 1: A History

Mary Beard, John North and Simon Price, Cambridge University Press, 1998Named or Composed in This Language: Cato's Prayer to Mars, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: latinView the Source

The Religion of the Mithras Cult in the Roman Empire

Roger Beck, Oxford University Press, 2006Named or Composed in This Language: Santa Prisca Mithraic Acclamation, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: latinView the Source

The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, 3rd revised edition

F. L. Cross and E. A. Livingstone (eds.), Oxford University Press, 2005

Named or Composed in This Language: Gloria Patri, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: latin
Named or Composed in This Language: Alma Redemptoris Mater, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: latin
Named or Composed in This Language: Summa Theologiae, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: latin
Named or Composed in This Language: Confessions, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: latin
Named or Composed in This Language: The City of God, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: latin
Named or Composed in This Language: Institutes of the Christian Religion, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: latin
Named or Composed in This Language: Rituale Romanum, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: latin

View the Source

Canons and Decrees of the Council of Trent

Council of Trent, 1563Named or Composed in This Language: Purgatory, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: latinthe holders' own accountView the Source

Metamorphoses

Ovid, (various editions)

Named or Composed in This Language: The Underworld of Dis Pater and Proserpina, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: latin
Named or Composed in This Language: Metamorphoses, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: latin

View the Source

General Instruction of the Roman Missal, third typical edition

Congregation for Divine Worship, Congregation for Divine Worship, 2002Named or Composed in This Language: The Roman Missal, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: latinthe holders' own accountView the Source

The Oxford Classical Dictionary, 4th edition

Simon Hornblower, Antony Spawforth and Esther Eidinow (eds.), Oxford University Press, 2012

Named or Composed in This Language: Pietas, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: latin
Named or Composed in This Language: Fides, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: latin
Named or Composed in This Language: Gravitas, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: latin
Named or Composed in This Language: Virtus, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: latin
Named or Composed in This Language: Aeneid, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: latin

View the Source

Star Names: Their Lore and Meaning

Richard Hinckley Allen, G. E. Stechert, 1899

Named or Composed in This Language: Alcyone, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: latin
Named or Composed in This Language: Bellatrix, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: latin
Named or Composed in This Language: Capella, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: latin
Named or Composed in This Language: Polaris, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: latin
Named or Composed in This Language: Sirius, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: latin
Named or Composed in This Language: Canopus, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: latin
Named or Composed in This Language: Castor, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: latin
Named or Composed in This Language: Pollux, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: latin
Named or Composed in This Language: Procyon, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: latin
Named or Composed in This Language: Praesepe, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: latin
Named or Composed in This Language: Regulus, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: latin
Named or Composed in This Language: Zosma, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: latin
Named or Composed in This Language: Spica, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: latin
Named or Composed in This Language: Arcturus, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: latin
Named or Composed in This Language: Antares, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: latin
Named or Composed in This Language: Sirius B, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: latin

View the Source

Psychomachia

Prudentius (Aurelius Prudentius Clemens)Named or Composed in This Language: The Psychomachia, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: latin

The Rule of Saint Augustine

trans. Raymond Canning, Augustinian Press, 1986Named or Composed in This Language: Rule of Saint Augustine, Stored language property on this entity, cited to this source: latin

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